...A Universe Within A Universe: The Traditional Skidi Pawnee Earth Lodge Among the most proficient star watchers in North America were the members of the Skidi Band of the Pawnee Tribe. The Skidi Pawnee originally lived in the Great Plains region of the Platte River, Loup River and the Republican Rivers located in Nebraska. The Skidi were keenly aware of the stars and the planets. They watched them nightly for guidance throughout all their lives. Furthermore, the stories of the stars and the oral traditions of the people instructed them on the rituals of planting, hunting, harvest and worship. The movement of the stars and their positions in the sky directed Skidi’s day-to-day lives. Consequently, the stars were their timekeepers and served as a calendar. The Skidi relied on them entirely to keep track of...
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...officer in your lodge? Every year a handful of new Officers accept the job of being a officer in the lodge. Usually when a man begins in the lineup, he starts at one of the lower chairs such as Pursuivant or one of the Masters of ceremonies. This gives the man the opportunity to begin at a slower pace and to begin observing and learning all of the lodge work. The various lodge stations and places are setup in a order of increasing work. As you begin there are only a few small requirements and by the time you become Master you will be proficient in every part of the lodges workings. Unfortunately, the new officer often does not realize the amount of work and commitment that it takes to become a lodge officer. Sitting on the sidelines we can easily take for granted the work of the floor officers, especially when a lodge meeting runs smoothly and without error -- the work often looks effortless and may even be incorrectly assumed as being "easy". We must understand that there is much work and time involved in becoming an officer with many hours of work and preparation that goes in to the work we see on the floor. A well oiled lodge officer will not only know all of the ritual words but which direction to turn, and all of the queues he needs to know. Frequently we see new officers join the officer lineup and either drop out very shortly after or fail to make the advancement to the next chair for proficiency reasons. It is often assumed that the lodge officer will advance...
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...Inipi, the Lakota Sweat Lodge Ceremony Shawn Peverill ANT351: Anthropology of Religion, Magic and Ritual Instructor: Katie Bojakowski July 23, 2014 Inipi, the Lakota Sweat Lodge Ceremony In this paper, I will be conducting research at a fellow Spiritual Leaders ceremony his name is Ed Fox, He has a sweat lodge built on his property in which I will be participating in. The Lakota sweat lodge ritual, or Inipi, is a familiar aspect of Lakota religion, incorporated and appropriated from reservations to urban areas, from traditional native ceremonies to New Age religion (Pickering, K.1999). I have spoken to him and gained his permission to describe the events of this ceremony. First the fire is to be built around the stones to be used, each of the first seven stones are blessed with tobacco along with a prayer conducted by the chosen individual to build the ceremonial fire. The ceremony itself consists for four rounds. In this ceremony, I will ask him why he has chosen this path and accepted the responsibility of the people’s lives that come to his ceremony. Also, if he feels that the creator speaks through him, or if he feels he is just a messenger for the creator. In this ceremony I will be interviewing the men of the ceremony since this will be a “Men’s Lodge”, there is also a woman’s lodge going at the same time but men are forbidden to attend because it is said that woman have more power than men since they have the power to give...
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...The Native American mythmakers weaved the traits and values they revered into the myths they wrote. Within every myth evaluated in this essay (Earth on Turtle's Back, When the Grizzlies Walked Upright, and The Navajo Origin Legend) the ideals the tribes held dear shine through. Each myth shows the human traits valued clearly and thoroughly. The qualities in nature selected to represent the traits of humanity the individual tribes valued paint an excellent picture of the ideals and great respect for nature held by them. The Earth on Turtle’s Back is perhaps the clearest in reflecting desirable human characteristics in nature. In the myth, a woman from the Skylands falls down to the expanse of water below. When she falls the animals in living in the water immediately go to her aid, flying her down gently and going deep underwater at the risk of their lives to bring some Earth up for her to live comfortably. None of the animals, regardless of how great, were able to bring the Earth up...
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...drifting defenselessly through space after a breakdown in their boat. The story delineates the last considerations and discussions of the group parts as they face their passing. The storyteller intensely ponders his life and feels he has fulfilled nothing beneficial. His last thought is a wish that his life would at any rate be worth something to another person. Eventually, the storyteller is burned as he falls through Earth's environment and shows up as a meteorite to a kid in Illinois. The Other Foot talks about Defaces has been colonized exclusively by dark individuals. When they discover that a rocket is originating from Earth with white voyagers, they initiate a Jim Crow arrangement of racial isolation in countering for how white individuals have treated blacks through the years. At the point when the rocket arrives, the explorer lets them know that the Earth has...
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...Down Global Climate Change, says a US carbon tax wouldn't slow down global climate change, because based on mainstream estimates, of the approximately three degrees Celsius of global warming that is being projected to occur between now and the end of the century as a result of human related carbon emissions, the U.S. contribution will only be about 0.2°C, or about seven percent of the total warming. A carbon tax would harm the economy, reduce economic growth, and hinder job creation. Plus it would just enhance America's overspending problem. We are already in debt and a tax would just make it worse. Carbon hurts the Earth on land, in the ocean, and in the atmosphere. Every action of a modern life involves using fossil fuel, therefore emitting carbon, so the only way to get any change is to send a price signal through the matrix; we should plead a carbon tax. Our Earth is dying exponentially and we must put forth effort to slow down the death of the only thing we...
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...Economic and social development of Latin America has something to do with different geographical factors. These include the productivity of lands, health conditions, frequency and intensity of natural disasters, settlement patterns, makeup and spatial distribution of productive activities, colonial experiences. Latin America has considered geography as unchangeable, true it is, but still it does not imply that policies should overlook or better yet ignore this fact. Geographically speaking, the whole Latin America lies in different latitudes of the Earth. Thus, places in this region experiences different climate patterns and seasons. This leads us to our first geographical factor that affects their development, the productivity of land. Latin America is known for agricultural products such as vegetables, root crops, and meat. These yields are needs climate and soil conditions that will satisfy for their growth. Considering the climate and soil conditions in temperate and tropical zones of Latin America, it is highly possible that the productivity of their lands differs, as well. However, those in temperate zones yield more crops than those in the tropical. The difference is the result of inputs used by temperate zones farmers that used technological advancements such as fertilizers, tractors, seeds and labour force that increases the yields whether or not the climate and soil type suit the crop. This difference is brought about by the advances...
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...The Bible says that this beautiful Earth on which we live was created by God for Adam and Eve to live in and those we are the descendants of Adam and Eve. For centuries many philosophers in the East and in the West including the Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that earth is the centre of this universe. It was left to Galileo, a prominent mathematician of Padua University to announce his discovery on January 17, 1610 that the Earth is a planet just like other planets revolving round the Sun, which is a star. It was also established that the sun due to its gravitational pull attracts all these planets which revolve round it. Apart from the Earth there are some other planets which go round the sun. These planets, however, vary in size and also in their distance from the sun. They have their own orbits, and the period of rotation also varies in each case. Some of these planets have satellites called moons, varying in number. Some do not have any satellites. Normally, if they do not have a counter pull, they should have been dragged into the sun by the gravitational pull. These gravitation pulls of the sun and the counter pulls of the planets are called centrifugal forces. The planets revolve round the sun in their own specific orbits. These planets could be arranged in an order based on their distance from the sun. The nearest to the sun is Mercury and the next is Venus. Third comes the Earth. Later in the same order come Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto...
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...Global Warming Global warming, an increase in the earth's temperature due to the use of fossil fuels and certain industrial and agricultural processes leading to a buildup of “greenhouse gases” (principally carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor) in the atmosphere. Since 1896 it has been known that these gases reduce the escape of the earth's infrared radiation into space and this function to maintain the earth's relatively warm temperature. This is called the greenhouse effect. Although there is broad agreement that human activity, such as burning fossil fuels has reached a scale that is beginning to influence climate, there is much uncertainty and debate over how much and how fast the climate will warm. Elevated global temperatures could result in coastal flooding and the shifting of major climatic zones and may have serious implications for agricultural productivity. Since 1850 there has been a mean rise in global temperature of approximately 1.8 Fahrenheit and a 28 percent rise in carbon dioxide levels. While most scientists think this temperature rise to the increase in carbon dioxide levels, other scientists argue that this temperature rise could just be part of a natural fluctuation; such fluctuations have been recorded for tens of thousands years and operate in short-term as well as long-term cycles. Because of the difficulty of distinguishing between emissions caused by humans and those caused by natural sources, and a number...
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...Warnings from the scientific community are becoming louder, as an increasing body of science points to rising dangers from the ongoing buildup of human-related greenhouse gases — produced mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and forests. Global warming is when the temperature of the earth rises which causes the earth to heat up. This effect happens because of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide ,water vapors, nitrous oxide and methane .These gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earths atmosphere which therefore increases the temperature of the earth. This is a negative impact on the earth and it effects humans ,animals, plants, and climates. A major theory to what causes global warming is the greenhouse effect . The greenhouse effect is when heat and light is trapped in earths atmosphere as a result of this happening the temperature rises. The greenhouse effect has a positive and a negative side on the positive side the greenhouse effect makes earth adaptable for people to live on, without it the earth would be freezing, or on the other hand it would be very hot. Although the greenhouse effect makes it able for humans to function and live on this earth if there gets to be to many gases the earth can get warmer and plants,animals,and humans might die. The reason why humans would die because there would be less food,corn,wheat, vegetables and fruits. Global warming is affecting many parts of the world. Global warming makes the seas rise and when the water rises it covers...
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...Global Patterns of Heating and Circulation Atmospheric circulation is a very large scale movement of air in which thermal energy is distributed on the surface of the earth. The atmospheric circulation changes from year to year because of several factors. Some of the factors are mid-latitude depressions, tropical cells, and other random pressure systems. Global Atmospheric Circulation is a result of the Earth being heated from energy produced from the Sun, however, this heat is unevenly distributed across the Earth's surface. Equatorial and tropical regions receive much more solar energy than the mid latitudes and the Polar Regions. The tropics receive more heat radiation than they end up emitting. In contrast, the Polar Regions emit more heat radiation than they receive. If there were no heat transferred from the tropics to the Polar Regions the tropics would get continue to get hotter and the Polar Regions would continue to get colder. This latitudinal heat imbalance is what causes the circulation of the atmosphere and the oceans. About 60% of heat energy ends up being re-distributed around the planet by the atmospheric circulation and about 40% is re-distributed by the ocean currents. 1 One way that heat is transferred from the equator to the poles is by a single circulation cell in which air moves from the tropics to the poles and then back. This single-cell circulation model was originally proposed in the 1700's by Hadley. With the Hadley Cell...
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...The Bible says, “For thus saith the Lord that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited…” (King James Version, Isaiah 45:18). In Christian teaching, God not only created Heavens and Earth, but expressed His delight in His creation. This creation meant, everything encompassing the trees, the rivers and all kinds of elements that go into preserving the environment (Genesis 1:31). Therefore, the destruction of the environment is against God’s will. The main problem in the stewardship model is the fall of mankind into a state of sin and depravity (Genesis 3). As a result of the fall, we are in rebellion against God. We no longer act as the stewards we ought to be regarding the earth and its resources. Therefore, we tend towards exploitation and abuse. In addition, the earth has been cursed as a result of the fall (Romans 8:20; Genesis 3:17-18). Action Institute expressed it this way; “Nature now produces floods, fires, earthquakes, weeds, and crop destroying insects (“A Biblical Perspective on Environmental Stewardship”). This makes proper stewardship even more difficult; we are not only fighting our natural tendency to exploit and abuse, but also fighting against an earth that is cursed (Genesis 3:17). 2. The Earth and Everything in it Belongs to the Lord The earth is God’s creation and man is His steward over His creation. According to the Merriam Web Dictionary...
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...deep space. b Humans mine coal. h Continents deflect ocean currents. k Winds generate waves. c Plants release oxygen. n A stream carves a canyon. l Fish live in oceans. e Asteroid impacts Earth. a 2. Describe how the intensity of sunlight (insolation) varies as a function of latitude. Insolation decreases with increased latitude. 3. How does insolation explain why the equator hotter than the poles? The sun shines on the equator 100% of the time. 4. What effect does tilting the Earth’s rotational axis have on the distribution of solar radiation (insolation)? It causes seasons. 5. Why it can be winter in the U.S. when it is summer in Australia? Because of the way the Earth tilts toward the sun. When it is summer in the US, it is winter in Australia. 6. At what latitude are direct rays hitting during each season in the U.S.? Spring Summer Fall Winter 0-23.5N 23.5N-0 0-23.5S 23.5S-0 7. What would happen to temperatures in Australia if Earth’s tilt angle increased during summer in the northern hemisphere and why? It would become much colder in Australia. 8. Compare and contrast compositional and mechanical boundaries in the Earth. The Earth has 3 compositional layers: 1. Crust-composed of silicate rock. There are 2 separate types: continental and oceanic. 2. The mantle: consisting of ultramafic silicate rock which can flow when subjected to long duration...
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...opening and compelling look into the future of our planet. I had heard of global warming and thought I knew about it, but this documentary really opened my eyes. If steps are not taken now to try to reverse the effects of global warming, we will be without a home in the very near future. We can all do more to reduce the amount of carbon emissions being release into the atmosphere. It is up to us or there will be no hope for future generations. Global warming is simply an increase in the average temperature of the air near earth’s surface and the temperature of the oceans. The cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, in the earth’s atmosphere. What normally happens when the sun’s rays reach the earth they are bounced back into outer space. With global warming is these greenhouse gases trap the rays from the sun and hold them in the atmosphere increasing the temperature in the air. This is known as the greenhouse effect. Why should we worry if the temperature is increasing? Well this increase in temperature is already having serious effects on the planet. Global warming causes drastic changes in normal weather patterns. Some areas are getting too much rain while other areas are in a severe drought. When the temperature in the air increases, so does the temperature of the oceans. The significance of this is huge. Hurricanes depend on warm water to form, and in 2005 we saw the largest number of storms ever and the most devastating...
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