...Kodak and the Digital Revolution [pic] [pic][pic]Brief Overview: Kodak is a multinational American corporation which has become a household name most known for its film products. The company has come face to face with many changes due to the digital revolution which has created a rapid changing photography industry. George Eastman began Kodak in 1880 and introduced the first Kodak camera in 1888 coining the slogan “you press the button, we do the rest.” Eastman held a high standard for the company when it came to competition however with many managerial and product line changes, Kodak has slowly fallen behind in the industry. The company has experienced many shortcomings with the most recent trend of digital photography. According to Exhibit 7, from 1998-2002 Kodak was 2nd to Sony in the U.S. for the percent of units sold. The company is now considering layoffs as market share, film sales, and company revenues are down. Problems: § The company is faced with multiple managerial problems. First, the company lacked fresh blood in its management team. All of its CEO’s primarily came from the manufacturing jobs within its own company. This hurt the company overall and put a damper on keeping up with technological changes and competition as “Kodak avoided anything risky or innovative.” Second, when the company finally did add new blood to its management team things still didn’t look up. CEO Kay Whitmore was added in 1990 and changed the focus to “film based technology” such...
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...Eastman Kodak, Fujifilm Innovation vs. Tried and True Introduction Eastman Kodak and Fujifilm have numerous accomplishments to brag; they have both amassed large success in the photographic commerce. While Eastman Kodak had the upper hand in the industry for nearly 100 years, Fujifilm has managed to flourish while Kodak filed bankruptcy in 2012. Fujifilm appears to have strategically implemented an equation that will thrive as long as they continue to invest in innovation, and navigate market changes. History Eastman Kodak and Fujifilm have been competitors since Fujifilm’s inception in 1934. Eastman Kodak had more than half a century worth of discovery and expertise over the incoming Fujifilm. However, when Fujifilm opened operations January 1934 within a month’s time they were producing all the same products as Eastman Kodak: roll film, photographic print paper, dry plates, and x-ray movie. It took George Eastman, inventor and proprietor of Eastman Kodak 25 years to invent color film (Eastman Kodak, unknown); in detail, George Eastman was renowned for very cautious designing temped with endurance, he did not hurry discovery and breakthroughs he was able to take his time because the industry was somewhat new and there was no real competition. As Kodak was ascending the ladder of success, George Eastman and his group of inventors had conceived many first. Including, the first dry plate formula along with the first patented appliance for organizing large amount of...
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...Kodak’s Challenge | MGMT 520.002 | | Class Period 1:30 | | | Kodak’s Challenge Introduction The Kodak Company was started by George Eastman, an American who found himself very fascinated with still photography and cameras. During the late 1870’s, most of the cameras were bulky, heavy, and weren’t meant for the use of the average person. That’s when Eastman decided to leave the U.S. and head to London to start his company which he hoped would solve this problem and change the photography industry forever. By 1888, Eastman created the first Kodak camera and with that laid the foundation for making photography available to everyone. Industry Analysis The inkjet printer industry shares $45 billion a year of the total overall market. The industry is shared by many different competitors such as: Canon Inc., Fujifilm Holdings Corp., Sony Corp., Konica Minolta Holdings Inc., and Lexmark International Inc. This industry is directly linked to the Computer segment of this industry because the computer hardware is the products that use this ink. The top hardware competitors Kodak will be competing with are: Hewlett-Packard, Epson, Canon, Lexmark, Dell, Brother, and Samsung. Kodak plans to enter this competitive market in these 2 different sectors with their own printers and ink that will cost half the price of the inks in the stores now. Kodak may run into some issues in the future and will cause problems for inkjet-printer makers. With the low price in ink, the other...
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...GallowayStrayer University08/05/2014 | | Eastman Kodak Company and Fujifilm are competing corporations in the photography industry. When the industry changed both companies were affected, but due to very different management styles and ability to adapt to change Fujifilm took a lead while Kodak fell behind. George Eastman founded Kodak, in 1888. The company’s early success was based on the new technology for cameras. The camera simplified the photo taking process (Williams, C. 2013) Kodak’s main focus was photography and imaging. They had an array of products that ranged from photography equipment, film, paper and color chemicals. In the1980’s, Kodak’s market share reached 90%. This was a very special moment in the company’s history. Kodak developed the first concept of the digital camera in 1975. Their executives could not imagine the world without traditional film; unfortunately, the idea was dropped because they feared it would threaten the company’s film business. Digital cameras would become common; the technology started to spread and film sales dropped considerably at the late 1990’s. Kodak made a slow transition to digital technology. Unfortunately, their competitors adapted to change. This lead to Kodak’s loss of market shares both in the United States and worldwide. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. After one year of continuous battle to keep the company prosperous, the court approved financing for them. Kodak sold many of its patents to groups of...
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...SIMONA GIORGI Kodak and the Digital Revolution (A) In February 2003, Daniel A. Carp, Kodak’s CEO and chairman, reviewed 2002 sales data with Kodak’s senior executives. Film sales had dropped 5% from 2001 and revenues were down 3%. 2003 did not look any brighter: Carp expected revenues to grow only slightly and net income to remain flat or decrease (see exhibit 1 for information on Kodak’s financial performance and exhibits 2 and 3 for information on sales of cameras and film rolls in the United States). The film industry was “under pressure unlike ever before.” Carp predicted a “fairly long downturn”1 for traditional photography sales as consumers turned to digital cameras, which did not require film. Kodak was moving more of its manufacturing to China, where it could boost film sales, and was planning to slash 2,200 jobs, or 3% of its work force, especially in the photo-finishing business. Carp had received a master’s in business from MIT. He had begun his career at Kodak in 1970 as a statistical analyst. Since then, he had held a variety of positions at Kodak. In 1997, he became president and COO, and was appointed CEO on January 1, 2000. He believed Kodak’s current struggle was one of the toughest it had faced. How could he use digital imaging to revitalize Kodak? Kodak, 1880-1983: A brief history In 1880, George Eastman invented and patented a dry-plate formula and a machine for preparing large numbers of plates. He also founded the Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester...
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...Eastman Kodak Company 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Notice of 2011 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K X Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the year ended December 31, 2010 or Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from Commission File Number 1-87 to EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) NEW JERSEY (State of incorporation) 343 STATE STREET, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK (Address of principal executive offices) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: __________________________ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each Class Common Stock, $2.50 par value Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [X] No [ ] Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange 16-0417150 (IRS Employer Identification No.) 14650 (Zip Code) 585-724-4000 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [ ] No [X] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding...
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...Exam cases: Kodak Virgin Australia Post Pre-seen exam information Semester 2 2012 Global Strategy and Leadership © CPA Australia Ltd 2012 Case Scenario 1 Kodak case facts Eastman Kodak Company (Kodak) was founded in the late 19th century by amateur photographer George Eastman in Rochester, New York. With the slogan ‘you press the button, we do the rest,’ Kodak gave consumers the first simple camera in 1888, making a cumbersome and complicated process easy to use and readily accessible. A major multinational organisation, Kodak was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a powerhouse in the photography industry. The company led the way as an innovator, launching a large range of new products and processes to make photography simpler, more useful and more enjoyable. With the rapid growth of digital photography, competition against its product and being slow to embrace the move to digital technology Kodak has fallen on hard times. In January 2012, Kodak and its US subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for Chapter 11 business reorganisation1 in the US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. A company spokesperson said the aim of the business reorganisation was to enable Kodak to bolster liquidity, sell off nonstrategic intellectual property, and enable the company to focus on the most valuable business lines. The process will allow Kodak to continue normal business operations while it attempts to emerge a profitable and sustainable enterprise2...
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...cases: Kodak Virgin Australia Post Pre-seen exam information Semester 2 2012 Global Strategy and Leadership © CPA Australia Ltd 2012 Case Scenario 1 Kodak case facts Eastman Kodak Company (Kodak) was founded in the late 19th century by amateur photographer George Eastman in Rochester, New York. With the slogan ‘you press the button, we do the rest,’ Kodak gave consumers the first simple camera in 1888, making a cumbersome and complicated process easy to use and readily accessible. A major multinational organisation, Kodak was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a powerhouse in the photography industry. The company led the way as an innovator, launching a large range of new products and processes to make photography simpler, more useful and more enjoyable. With the rapid growth of digital photography, competition against its product and being slow to embrace the move to digital technology Kodak has fallen on hard times. In January 2012, Kodak and its US subsidiaries filed voluntary petitions for Chapter 11 business reorganisation1 in the US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. A company spokesperson said the aim of the business reorganisation was to enable Kodak to bolster liquidity, sell off nonstrategic intellectual property, and enable the company to focus on the most valuable business lines. The process will allow Kodak to continue normal business operations while it attempts to emerge a profitable and sustainable enterprise2. Kodak: Snapshot...
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...Name: Professor: Class: Date of submission: Turnaround strategy for Kodak Introduction The rapid changes in business environment and increased domestic and global competition have made the business environment to be more unstable. Organizations of different sizes are struggling to survive if they do not change according to the changing business environment. Many organizations have realized the need to change in order to survive in the changing business environment. Businesses which do not change are getting into trouble due to some factors some of which are internal while others are external. The businesses can easily get a turnaround if they properly diagnose the symptoms leading to failure and take collective action. The concept of turnaround can be described as taking action when a firm is facing a financial disaster or to prevent the firm from having a financial disaster. Turnaround does not only involve transforming which has declined but also those whose management fell the results are not satisfactory (Mason & Gerard, 160). Kodak one of US most recognized company which has been in operation for over a century has been struggling for years due to its slowness in adapting to the changing business world. The company had been one of the leading image solution providers in the world for many years. Established in 1880 by George Eastman Kodak become one of America’s well known company by helping to establish the market for camera film and the becoming the market...
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...Project Management Casebook Project Management Casebook David I. Cleland, Karen M. Bursic, Richard Puerzer, and A. Yaroslav Vlasak Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Project management casebook /edited by David I. Cleland ... [et al.]. P. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN: 1-880410-45-1 (pbk.) 1. Industrial project management--Case studies. I. Cleland, David I. HD69.P75P728 1997 658.4'04--dc21 97-3116 CIP l Copyright O 1998 by the Project Management Institute. Al rights resewed. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, manual, photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. Book Team Editor-in-Chief: James S. Pennypacker Book Designer: Michelle Owen Copyeditor: Toni D. Knott Copyeditor: Amy Goretsb Copyeditor: Mark S.Parker Cover design by: James S. Pennypacker and Dewey Messer Production Coordinator: Mark S. Parker Acquisitions Editor: Bobby R. Hensley PMI books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Business Manager, PMI Publishing Division, 40 Colonial Square, Sylva, NC 28779. Or contact your local bookstore. The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization...
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...time and how the occurrence of World events has intensified the ‘change factors’ which in turn are putting all the more pressure on corporations globally to reconsider their identity. The intensity of these factors would vary from industry to industry, with each industry having a different lifecycle. The model brings out the paradox of shortened lifecycle of corporate identities which itself poses an extraordinary challenge to companies for effectively elongating and managing their identities. Changing ones corporate identity is not only an expensive affair but can also create dissonance in the minds of the stakeholders, if not managed and communicated properly. In order to succeed companies will have to exercise tremendous clarity of thought and understand their purpose of existence. Table of Contents 1. Corporate Identity : Concept and Purpose 2. Corporate v/s product brand identity 3. Corporate Identity Elements 4. Reasons for change : Strategic Inflexion Points 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 4.8. 4.9. 4.10. Change in Technology (Case Study : Intel; Kodak) Change in...
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...Is Mass Marketing Dead? TABLE OF CONTENT NO 1.0: 2.0 3.0: 4.0: References DETAIL Introduction Is Mass Marketing still a viable way to build a profitable brand? The reasons for the fall of traditional Mass Marketing Conclusions PAGE 3-4 5-7 7 – 13 14 - 16 17 1 1.0: INTRODUCTION Marketing is about identifying and meeting human and social needs, (Kotler, 2002) or even in simpler words, that is done to attract and retain customer at a profit. Thus, we see marketing management as the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering and communicating superior customer value (Kotler, 2012). This simple definition tells that marketing is basically customer oriented in nature. However, looking back at the history of marketing indicates that the idea of marketing was different and it took many different shapes at different ages. The four major marketing management philosophies i.e production concept, product concept, selling concept and marketing concept are in fact, related to this evolutionary nature of marketing. This conceptual development of marketing implies that initially marketing was associated with the mass production and efficient delivery of the products (production concept) and now it is viewed as a customer oriented essential business activity (marketing concept). An inquisitive mind may ask a simple question: before even production concept what was the form of marketing? If the job of marketing...
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...Beyond Sophisticated Stereotyping: Cultural Sensemaking in Context [and Executive Commentaries] Author(s): Joyce S. Osland, Allan Bird, June Delano and Mathew Jacob Source: The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), Vol. 14, No. 1, Themes: Forming Impressions and Giving Feedback (Feb., 2000), pp. 65-79 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4165609 . Accessed: 05/08/2013 09:54 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005). http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 155.33.240.146 on Mon, 5 Aug 2013 09:54:15 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ? Academy of Management Executive, 2000, Vol. 14, No. 1 Beyond sophisticated stereotyping: Cultural sensemakingn i context Joyce S. Osland and Allan Bird Executive Overview Much of our cross-cultural training and research occurs within the...
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...is known about the impact of outsourcing on company value, and the emergent picture is not an unblemished one. Company managers frequently complain about the downsides, some companies have retrieved what they had sourced out, failures can be seen here and there, and the long-term potential consequences of outsourcing too much are yet to be seen. Still, the weight of the research evidence indicates that, when well designed and well managed, outsourcing reduces operating cost, enhances competitive strategy, and enlarges shareholder value. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Many observers mark the beginning of the contemporary surge of company outsourcing with Eastman Kodak’s decision in 1989 to source out its entire information management to IBM, Businessland, and Digital Equipment Corp. Since this deal’s execution, now almost a decade ago, outsourcing has become a standard management device at many US firms, and corporate expenditures on it have rapidly accelerated. Symptomatic of the trend, companies signed major new contracts for information outsourcing in 1994 worth $11 billion; in 1995, $20 billion; and in 1996, $33 billion (Loh and Venkatraman, 1994a; McClellan, 1996a, b; Bettis et al., 1992; Gould et al., 1997) Business writers have so often extolled the virtues of outsourcing and have so widely reported the major deals that few US company...
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...Susan Walsh Sanderson Lally School of Management Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York 12180 Phone: 518-276-2933 Fax: 518-276-8661 Email:sandes@rpi.edu May, 2008 CURRENT POSITION ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR (with tenure). School of Management Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Affiliate of Sloan Foundation Industry Studies Centers Major Interests: • Innovation Management • Product Design, Marketing and Brand Management • Innovative Teaching Approaches (Multimedia Enhanced on campus and Distance Learning) AWARDS 1995 Boeing Outstanding Educator Award Hesburg Award Team (for Educational Innovation) In 1995, I was a co-recipient of the Boeing Outstanding Educator Award and a member of the team receiving the Hesburg Award for Educational Innovation TEACHING Teaching Role. My recent teaching has been in Rensselaer’s resident MBA program (both full and parttime), Professional and Distance Education Program and undergraduate programs. My research and teaching have made important contributions to efforts to build the marketing and management and technology curricula in the School of Management at Rensselaer and at other universities who have adopted our teaching materials. As a pioneer in interactive leaning material on product development and manufacturing, I have developed several interactive multimedia cases and collaborated on the development of simulations designed to teach marketing principles and bridge management and engineering disciplines. The simulations teach marketing...
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