...was the first institution of higher learning in China to set up a department of business education, and was also the first in the country to resume its business education program after the reform and open-door was implemented in China. Over the past two decades, the School of Management at Fudan University has developed into an internationally well respected business school. This joint project with the IBM Institute for Business Value fulfills our mission to analyze business operations and national economic activities using advanced management theories, systematic methods, mathematics models and information technology. It is part of our commitment of timely research for enterprise practitioners with insights into important strategic, tactic and operational business issues that can help firms make informed sound decisions. Going global Prospects and challenges for Chinese companies on the world stage Introduction Over the past quarter-century, China has achieved phenomenal economic growth – primarily through a combination of exports, massive...
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...Introduction The true meaning of Globalization lies in the international integration arising from the interchange of products, ideas and practices. The development of e-commerce and liberalization of the economy, structures and the regulations which support it, drove to have a single worldwide accepted financial reporting system. A large number of multinational corporations are setting up their business units in different countries and are increasingly accessing the global markets by listing their securities on the foreign stock exchanges. Corporations around the world venture into business activities either through their own presence in different parts of the world or through their subsidiaries, collaborations, associates and joint ventures....
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...Global Division of Labour Embossed on the back of every Macbook, Iphone and Ipad reads: “Designed by Apple in California. Assembled in China.” “Why has Apple outsourced virtually all of its manufacturing overseas?” wonders President Obama (Rawson,2012). Why can’t more US-based consumer electronics and computer companies do their manufacturing work domestically, helping to create American jobs and boost the struggling economy? In the States the infrastructure and labour force does not exist at the levels necessary to support Apple’s operations, but is the answer really that simple? In this essay we will concentrate on global division of labour and determine what it is by examining theories of uneven devolopment of labour. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages it brings to society. Concrete examples will be given to review its complex and apparently contradictory social implications. Division of labour is cooperative labour divided into an enormous number of different specialized occupations (Giddens,1993:493). Looking at theories of uneven development will give us a better understanding of global division of labour. Two theories stand for uneven development. The first being the world system theory developed by Immanuel Wallerstein. Wallerstein argues that world order was created by capitalism and not nation states. This theory refers to inter-regional and transnational division of labour. It divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries and the...
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...Global economic issues Globalization in Economics and Its Consequences Introduction The contemporary world is slowly getting more integrated socially, economically and politically. Economic globalization encompasses the entire world and a growing amalgamation of the global production, consumption and the fiscal markets with a simultaneous harmonization of global cultures. Globalization of the transitional monetary system was manifest after WWII and the Great Depression of the 30s in US. The evolution of Multinational enterprises was a resultant phenomenon of globalization. In principle, globalization on the fiscal front submits to the assimilation of merchandise, prices, labour incomes, revenue rates and proceeds toward industrialized nation standards (Garrett, 2000). The emergency in the volume of business between industrialized nations and the developing nations, augment in cross-border dealings, increase in immigration and transfer of skill are fundamental issues of globalization. In simple words globalization is analogous to making the entire world function as a huge country. Globalization: The term globalization can broadly be defined as a process through which global networking of communication, trade, and transport leads to integration of regional economies and cultural societies. The process is a result of a combination of factors like culture, technology, politics, and economics. Economic globalization refers to “the integration of national economies into the international...
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...will become a major source of new customers, accounting for over half of global consumption by 2025 and by 2050, 97% of the 438 million people expected to join the global workforce will come from developing countries (Bellin & Pham, 2007). How companies compete and differentiate themselves in varying and new environments is greatly dependent upon the development of, and support for, their leaders and managers on global assignments to collaborate for innovation in both practices and ideas. Levy (2007) describes a ‘Global Mindset’ that is characterized by three aspects: * Openness to and awareness of multiple spheres of meaning and action; * Complex representation and articulation of cultural and strategic dynamics; and * Integration of ideas and actions oriented both to the global and local. CEMEX, a global cement company, has recognised the imperative of developing a global mindset across the organization by standardising ways of working while simultaneously recognising and assimilating best practices from its diverse operations and people. It does this by embedding its philosophy of the CEMEX Way for acquisitions, operational reviews, and its learning and development programs for leaders and managers. Company overview CEMEX, founded in Mexico in 1906, is the world’s largest building supplier and third largest cement producer. Based in Monterrey, the company started as a local player and over the past 25 years has grown to become a global leader in the construction...
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...Entry strategies: * * * Entry Mode: The decision to make the firm expand globally, we choose the entry mode as “Exporting”. Factors that influences us to choose the entry mode: * Trade barriers: Egypt has restrictions in so many service sectors as GATS, though Egypt minimal the barriers for ‘Mineral Water’ sector due to shortage of pure drinking water and comparative beverage market. * Economic risks: Egypt is re-forming its position as the standout growth market for consumer market and it indicates this is a good time for food and drink companies to pursue expansion in Egypt. The leap of real GDP growth picked up significantly throughout the years, facilitated by the better political stability and low base effects. Views that attract us to export MUM in Egypt based on improving economy on that particular sector combined with refining political act. * Cost: As we exporting, we are avoiding the cost of establishing local manufacturing processes. It helps us to achieve experience curve and location economies. * Firm Strategy: As we are following the Greenfield investment a new wholly owned subsidiary. We have planned to establish physical intensive plants. This strategy is established because there are fewer competitors, competitive advantages that comprises of implanted competencies, skills, routines and culture. Drawback: As we are exporting to a new wholly owned subsidiary, there may have been a matter of concerned about transportation...
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...Asian Miracle to an Asian Century? Economic Transformation in the 2000s and prospects for the 2010s: Review Essay The chosen article, “From the Asian Miracle to an Asian Century? Economic Transformation in the 2000’s and prospects for the 2010s” by Dr. Yiping Huang and Bijun Wang was published by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) as part of proceedings of their annual conference “The Australian Economy in the 2000s” held by Bank's Economic Group. 1.Introduction The article examines Asian economies key transformation during the 2000s and provides prospects for the next decade. In this review essay, I will summarise the article consistent with sections provided by the article and offer appraisal from the economic and political perspective of the proposed prospects. Post significant transformation of Asian economic during the 2000s, the Asian markets is now major contenders in the global market. Their participation in the global market has reached a point where their actions bring global economic impacts of great consequence for the financial, commodities and goods markets. This rapid expansion into the global market brings concerns of potential global economic crisis. 2. Integrated Supply Chains and Dominant Commodity Consumers Past decade reveals integration of supply chains, industrial restructuring and labour allocation contributed to overall Asia market’s GDP growth with major acceleration from China and India. Vertical integration of supply chains with China becoming...
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...over 785 stores in US, which is one of largest buyers and processors of diamonds2. They have decades of experience and expertise in the diamond industry 3. On line purchase has been a great experience for the people and thus increases in sales.4. The revolutionary marketing strategy with a credit plan of "a penny down and a dollar a week," was introduced in 1925 for making jewelry and other merchandise affordable to the average working American.5.Its the first company to use Institute management training in 19506. Has a strong workforce of nearly 13000 employees | Weakness | 1.Less concentration in growing economic countries 2. Limited brand awareness since there is a lot of competition from the local vendors as well as branded luxury products | Opportunity | 1.Going Global through franchisees and tie-ups 2.Use of TV, print media as a tool and expanding its awareness 3. More usage of social media like Face book, Twitter to take customer feedback and to see the current trends in the industry | Threats | 1. Use of conflict diamonds, the diamonds are not legitimated 2.Govt intervention in the operations 3. High debt in case of increasing the retail space or expanding the business in other countries | Recommendations •• They should Start business in Europe to capture a market They should Start business in Europe to capture a market opportunity, because competitors of Zale are doingopportunity, because competitors of Zale are doing business globally, SIGNET is doing...
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...Are We Ready? What does ASEAN Integration really mean? How could this integration affect the lives of Filipino people? Are we ready for this? Am I ready? As a student, I am wondering why we need this ASEAN integration if according to the news our economic status is now improving. I know we are part of ASEAN region but are we entitled to adapt and integrate with them. Why do we need to level off ourselves from different countries globally? There are so many questions, and still remains a question for everyone especially for me. But I have faith in our country that we can prove it like what we did before this integration, which we Filipinos can adapt. By this I believe we can survive to the educational changes – specifically in our curriculum or the K to 12 Program. I know this has been set up so that we can level off with ASEAN and the rest of the world. Though there are some errors and lapses in instituting this program, I can see the efforts of Educational agencies to provide a quality education which we can say would help us to compete universally. And this kind of leveling up our education quality is necessary The strengthening of our universities is a necessity because we want to compete with the world as global athletes, not just barangay warriors. That could be the reason why we should involve the Department of Education, Commission on Higher Education, Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, and the Department of Labor and Employment to have that assurance...
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...Studies in Business and Economics THE GLOCAL STRATEGY OF GLOBAL BRANDS DUMITRESCU Luigi Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania VINEREAN Simona Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania Abstract: A few years ago, globalization was the new paradigm in international business, however from a branding perspective it has lost its initial efficiency giving the fact that consumers do not seem to feel a connection anymore with the standardized products of global corporations, catered to them in mass marketing communication programs. With their centralized decision making, most companies simply stopped having a connection with the new global marketplace and neglected its emergence. Hence, the influence of local characteristics arose, and with that a new term that encapsulates the global and the local – glocal. “Glocalization” encourages companies to “think global, act local”, and they could do so by using the global brand, while localizing certain elements of that brand in order to suit a particular country. Keywords: global brands, globalization, glocal strategy, glocal marketing. 1. Introduction In 1983, Theodore Levitt published a provocative Harvard Business Review article entitled “The Globalization of Markets”, in which he stated that a new global market, based on uniform products and services, had emerged. He asserted that large scale companies have stopped emphasizing on the customization of their offers to providing globally standardized products that are advanced...
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...the future development of sustainability in this country. We need modifications in our behaviors, institutions, and technologies. As defined by The United Nations (UN) sustainability is “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs” As stated by The UN “This requires the integration of its economic, environmental and social components at all levels by continuous dialogue and action in global partnership.” We need to find a way to balance environmental goals, social goals and economic goals. The World Conservation Union says that we are currently out of balance and heavy in economic and social goals and deficient in realistic and working environmental goals. The World Conservation Union also remarks “development decisions by governments, businesses and other actors do allow trade-offs and put greatest emphasis on the economy above other dimensions of sustainability. This is a major reason why the environment continues to be degraded and development does not achieve desirable equity goals.” The report goes on to say that the integration of economic, environmental and social components cannot be treated equally because the economy is an institution that emerges from society and that they are virtually one. The same as society creates rules to mediate the exchange of goods or value. The environment on the other hand is not created by society and tradeoffs are limited in regards to human activity. In...
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...Societal consciousness has shifted from national to international and global spheres, and the world is increasingly perceived as one place. Many sport organisations now find that they are under increasing pressure to engage in globally benchmarked sustainable management systems and processes, across all functional areas from finance to HRM. Some sport organisations have used aspects of the globalisation process to create new opportunities for expansion and growth, while others have been reluctant or resistant to externally instigated change. We assessed the adoption of ''best practice'' HRM practices in a range of amateur and professional sport organisations to see how they were reacting to these convergence pressures. This issue fits in the wider convergence-divergence debate that has been the concern of many cross-cultural researchers. Our empirical results indicate that while government policy has urged movement to a universally derived system of HRM processes, few sport organisations have adopted a formal HRM strategy and HR practices are widely variable across organisations http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=7124 While at HRPA 2011, Canada’s conference and trade show focusing on HR issues and trends, I stopped in to check out Howard Wallack’s session, 10 Global HR Trends for 2011 and What You Need to Know to Manage Them. Wallack is the Director of Global Member Programs for Society for Human Resource Management, and in his discussion...
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...How International Expansion has affected the Business world today International Business Abstract The business world as we know it today has changed from the business world that existed when our parents were growing up. Many business leaders and companies are beginning to expand their business internationally or globally. The advances in technology, and with the use of internet, television shows and politics we see the mention of globalization everywhere. What in fact is globalization, and how has it affected the business world today? When it comes to doing business internationally or globally, there are many different factors that one must take into consideration such as language and culture barriers, negotiation of contracts and various laws concerning issues such as intellectual property rights. With all of these various factors why are companies still looking to expand internationally? How do business and companies survive with all the laws and other forces they have to contend with? This paper will discuss globalization, what it is, and what effect it has had on the business world today. It will also discuss how to overcome language and culture barriers, the various laws business owners and managers need to be aware of and how to negotiate a legal contract. Finally this paper will discuss my own ideas of marketing a professional organization business internationally, and how it would benefit the international market, along with my personal view of international expansion...
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...company and implement them where appropriate( Post merger Integration (PMI) process) ➢ Forward Integration ➢ In order support communication and decision making process the company has deployed satellite communication system, CEMEXNET, • The company uses its capital to acquire other companies ➢ Acquiring, building or buying terminal facilities in other markets and buy other companies in order to facilitate global expansion • This company exert effort to create common culture and common processes ➢ Standardized of business processes, technology, and organizational structure across all countries while simultaneously granting countries certain operational flexibility b) Illustrate how CEMEX has managed to attain a high level of operational efficiency throughout its distributed operations without a complex organizational structure. • Developed core competencies • Learning through the process of acquisition and integration • Innovative marketing and operations • Standardization of best practices, technology and organizational structure • Disposal of non-related businesses and non-core assets by management • Implement key information and internet based technology • Successful acquisition and short integration process(Successful Implementation of post-merger integration (PMI) process)...
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...emerging markets in 1998 brought home to many people to extent to which their livelihood depend on unpredictable event a long way away. Its now seems likely that, while deeply traumatic for many individual and some countries. Notably asia and the former soviet union, this latest crisis will prove to have been no more than 1 of the growing pains of an increasly interdependent global economic system. there have been panic and warning of imminient collapse before . in early 1970s with demise of the bretton woods fixed exchange rate regime. in late 1970s after the OPEC oil shock and with worries about the world running out of raw material . in the early 1980s with the latins America debt crisis and fear for the solvency of major western bank , and in 1987 with an equity market collapse in the USA . Its still possible – though unlikely – that bad luck incompetence could turn recent sign of systemic weaknesses into a collapse of the kind experience in the wake of the 1929 crash . but , even if it does not there is a proper questioning of globalization and the system of governance .on which economic integration is based , this volume seeks to address some of this issues ; what does globalization issues mean ? it is inevitable ? and if not , is it desirable. How does the system . The present network of the state of globalization. Globalization what does it means ? In the vast , multidisciplinary literature that has multiplied rapidly during the 1990s . globalization has become portmanteau...
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