...Natural Disasters Index Introduction Types of Disasters Effects of Disaster on Economy Effect of Disaster on Health Care Organization * Sudden Influx * Damage to Facilities * Inadequately Prepared * Specialty Treatment Availability Effects on the Population * Immediate Health Impact * Long-Term Impacts Steps in Disaster Management * Mitigation * Preparedness * Response * Recovery Real Incident Study * Background: * Immediate Response Considerations: * Evacuation: * Special Immediate Concerns: * Recovery Process: * Facility Considerations: * Lessons Learned at This Point in Response/Recovery: * Takeaways from this incident: Conclusion References Introduction According to dictionary.com Disasters means “a calamitous event, especially one occurring suddenly and causing great loss of life, damage, or hardship, as a flood…” Disasters such as Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, tornados, epidemic disease outbreaks and more can damage any population and have a tremendous effect on the health care organizations that respond. Many health care organizations face major challenges during natural disasters. There are many different causes for those challenges.According to the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, in 2002, international disasters affected 608 million people and killed more than 24,000. The recent natural disaster in the...
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...Edition Disasters and Development Disaster Management Training Programme GE.94-02894 Disasters and Development 2nd Edition Module prepared by: R.S.Stephenson, Ph.D. DHA Disaster Management Training Programme 1994 Disaster and Development This training module has been funded by the United Nations Development Programme in collaboration with the Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator for the Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP) in association with the University of Wisconsin Disaster Management Center. This material draws substantially on the work of Mary Anderson and Fred Cuny, and on United Nations Development Programme and World Bank Guidelines. The draft for this text was reviewed by Yasemin Aysan and Ian Davis, Oxford Polytechnic Disaster Management Centre and Gustavo Wilches-Chaux. Editorial services, including design, educational components and formatting, have been provided by InterWorks. Design consultation and desktop publishing have been provided by Artifax. Cover Photo: Destruction of a bridge by flood waters. VIZDOK photo The first edition of this module was printed in 1991. Utilization and duplication of the material in this module is permissible, however, source attribution to the Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP) is required. 4 CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................... 7 The relationship between disasters and development...
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...International Monetary Fund's Role in Disaster Relief Thomas Hamblin Southern New Hampshire University Abstract The devastation caused by natural and technological disasters is measured not only by the numbers of people killed or the severity of the damages to property and critical infrastructure, but also by the economic and financial losses incurred by the citizens and the governments of affected countries. In times of crisis, it is imperative that affected countries are given assistance in an expeditious and efficient manner. Along with its sister organization the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides emergency assistance to help countries with "urgent balance of payments financing needs in the wake of natural disasters or armed conflict" (International Monetary Fund Factsheet, 2011, p.1). This emergency financial assistance is designed to be distributed rapidly to aid countries who may potentially exhaust their monetary reserves in the aftermath of a natural or technological disaster. This paper will examine why it is important for financial institutions like the IMF and the World Bank to be involved in disaster management. In addition, some of the ways which these financial institutions distribute aid to countries affected by disaster will also be identified. Keywords: World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), disaster management. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund's Role in Disaster Relief The IMF and its sister organization...
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...Rational for disaster prevention and less control * DISASTER/CALAMITY - a situation usually catastrophic in nature, in which a number of persons are plunged into helplessness and suffering, and as a result may be in need of food, clothing, shelter, medical care and other basic necessities of life. * RELIEF - An act of helping or alleviating the condition of persons who are suffering from the effects of disaster/calamity and are at the time completely helpless. * REHABILITATION - The restoration of a person's economic dependency to an independent or stable way of living either physically, economically, socially or emotionally. * DISASTER OPERATIONS - Any concerted effort by two or more agencies, governmental and/or otherwise, to provide emergency assistance in relief to persons who are victims of a disaster/calamity and in the restoration of essential public utilities and facilities. * NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL (NDCC) - The highest governmental body responsible for advising the President on the status of disaster preparedness program and disaster relief and rehabilitation efforts at the national level. * REGIONAL, PROVINCIAL, MUNICIPAL AND BARANGAY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS - The organizations responsible for the conduct of disaster preparedness program, disaster relief and rehabilitation efforts at their respective levels. * LOCAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL - It is a group of people at the provincial, city, municipal or arranges...
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...PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REPUBLIC ACT No. 10121 AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010". Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - It shall be the policy of the State to: (a) Uphold the people's constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters, strengthening the country's institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction and management and building the resilience of local communities to disasters including climate change impacts; (b) Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and standards of humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk reduction as concrete expression of the country's commitment to overcome human sufferings due to recurring disasters; (c) Incorporate internationally accepted principles of disaster risk management in the creation and implementation of national, regional and local sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies, policies, plans and budgets; (d) Adopt a disaster risk reduction...
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...Case study no.2 Natural disasters A-Problem definition In case of a disaster event, there are several effects, such as humanitarian effects, including the loss of lives and persons injured; ecological effects among other damage to ecosystems; and economic effects, comprising different effects on the economy. National disaster effects can be caused by the disaster itself or by follow on directly or indirectly. B-Justification of the problem Natural disasters have severe effects on different industries, if the decisions taken after the occurrence of the disasters were not based on appropriate study for the results that may occur, this may lead to huge losses for the industry and for the whole country. 1-Lake of planning Lake of knowledge and how to predict the occurrence of natural disasters is a main reason of the problem. 2-Insurance companies making as much insurance policies as they can although they don’t know if they can satisfy the customer needs or not. 3-Decision makers don’t have the good argument to convince customers or community by their decisions C-List of alternatives 1. Awareness 2. Planning and prevention Measures to eliminate or reduce the incidence or severity of emergencies. Actions taken in anticipation of, during, and immediately after an emergency to ensure that its effects are minimized, and that people affected are given immediate relief and support. 3. Response Process of supporting emergency-affected communities in reconstruction...
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...Abstract Disasters have devastating and severe acute and long-term consequences for individuals and communities. The paper expounds on the social ramifications of disasters, while highlighting a disaster’s effects in vulnerable populations. The collaborative actions of communities, governments, public health, media, and health professionals are also depicted in the paper. Lastly, implications for Advanced Practice Nurses concerning leadership, involvement in public policy and education, and development of advanced disaster planning are illustrated. Keywords: disaster, disaster response and planning, social ramifications, advanced practice nursing. Disaster--the term itself invokes feelings of dread, despair, and devastation. Furthermore, the effects of disasters on human condition are far-reaching and unpredictable. For health care professionals, disaster preparedness and response entails an understanding of the socio-economic issues and the collective responsibilities of multiple agencies when a disaster strikes. Disasters affect individuals, families, societies, and communities, with little time for any warning or preparation.1 The collective obligations of government, communities, hospitals, and medical professionals are underscored during this trying time. Introduction What is a disaster? Calamity, catastrophe, tragedy, are just some of the words uttered when a disaster occurs. Perry and Quarantelli2 explained that disaster has several meanings depending...
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...NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1. Introduction. Pakistan is located in a region which is prone to number of natural disasters. Due to its diverse range of terrain and existence of fault lines, the country is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from earthquake to droughts and floods to cyclones. Pakistan has suffered floods almost every year as monsoon rains cause rivers to outflow from their banks. The country also experiences earthquake regularly ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. We have been suffering from drought like situation of varying degrees from many years and the coastal areas are prone to cyclones. There is no comprehensive, integrated disaster management policy at national level for dealing with major disasters like earthquake of 2005 and floods of 2010 and 2011 partially due to limited resources, economic instability and partially due to absence of well trained and equipped disaster management infrastructure. We also lack proper system for disaster prevention and preparedness that could ensure effective mitigation to reduce the loss of life and property damage in the face of a natural disaster. 2. Disaster management is unfortunately seen as provision of relief rather than the management of all of its phases and long term management of risk. We therefore need a comprehensive preparedness, prevention and mitigation strategy with a view to better manage and coordinate activities of various line ministries, departments and civil society. Pakistan...
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...CIRDAP The Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP) is a regional, intergovernmental and autonomous institution. It was established in 1979 at the initiative of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations with support from other UN organisations and donor countries/agencies. The member countries of CIRDAP are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh (host state), Fiji Islands, India, Indonesia, Iran, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The main objectives of the Centre are to: (i) assist national action, (ii) promote regional cooperation, and (iii) act as a servicing institution for its member countries for promotion of integrated rural development through research, action research, training and information dissemination. Amelioration of rural poverty in the Asia-Pacific region has been the prime concern of CIRDAP. The programme priorities of CIRDAP are set under four Areas of Concern: 1) Agrarian development; 2) Institutional/infrastructural development; 3) Resource development including human resources; and 4) Employment. Within these areas of concern, the thematic areas are: Poverty alleviation through participatory approaches with emphasis on social sector development (e.g. health, education and nutrition); Employment generation through microcredit support, infrastructure development and local resource mobilisation;...
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...Discuss the assertion that disasters in Africa occur when hazards and vulnerability meet. Disasters are adverse or unfortunate events especially sudden and extraordinary misfortunes or calamities. Inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa are threatened by natural disasters. This has led to consequences like poverty and disease (World Risk Report 2013). The assertion that disasters in Africa occur when hazards and vulnerability meet is true. Disasters in Africa tend to affect the vulnerable. Natural disasters occurring in African countries undermine the economic survival of poor communities. Many populations in countries throughout the continent have suffered under the impact of such hazards, which have killed thousands and caused injuries to many others. Mainly it is the vulnerable groups of people and their locations that are exposed to risk of these disasters. It is of paramount importance to note that these disasters can be natural or man-made. It is the scope of this paper to deliberate if disasters in Africa really occur when hazards and vulnerability meet or not. Increasing disaster threats not only reflect the onset of events such as earthquakes or floods, but also the changing demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population. A large, violent tornado, for instance, passing through an open field presents little danger. On the other hand, a relatively weak tornado can pose significant risks to human life and can result in great economic losses in densely populated...
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...There are two types of disasters: Natural and Manmade or Human Induced Disasters. Disasters that occur due to abrupt changes in the earth systems and weather conditions are called as natural disasters. These disasters have further been classified into – Planetary and Extra-Planetary Disasters. Disasters that occur on land and in atmosphere due to changes in earth systems or the geological conditions and atmosphere are called as Planetary Disasters. These disasters have further been classified into – Terrestrial and Atmospheric disasters. Disasters that remain confined to land and bottoms of oceans are called as terrestrial disasters. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and mine disasters are some examples of terrestrial disasters. Atmospheric disasters are caused due to atmospheric events. Tropical cyclones, droughts, floods etc. are some examples of atmospheric disasters. Disasters occurring due to collisions between the earth and space bodies or due to physical forces between them are called as extra-planetary disasters. High tide waves, hurricanes, landslides, movements of rocks, changes in sea level, biological extinctions etc. are examples of extra- planetary disasters. Disasters that are caused due to human intervention in the natural processes or due to his activities related to development and war are called as man- made disasters. Occurrence of epidemics, nuclear hazards, industrial accidents, biological war fares, bioterrorism etc. are man-...
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...One Step Closer to the End of Poverty Every day deaths are caused by some type of disaster all over the world. Some disasters can be prevented, like warfare and poverty, whereas other disasters can come without warning, such as natural disasters. When countries are suffering from poverty or are shaken up by something such as an earthquake or hurricane, they look towards American Humanitarians and our government to lend them a hand. Newspapers constantly talk about countries pleading for help: "We have the resources, we have the know-how to end extreme poverty” (Stossel, Patrick McMenamin 42). And it is true. Our government does provide money and resources to these countries that are begging for help, but not enough. Our country provides more money to aid countries in their civil wars than it does to provide foreign aid for countries that desperately need help. Most aid is intended to be spent as investment projects in particular areas of need such as supplying medicine and water to Third World countries, and rebuilding new roads and homes for countries that are destroyed by natural disasters. The main problem, as most experts put it, is that “aid is substitutable and what the money is supposed to be used for is spent on something else” (Rieff 225). Warfare should be the last thing our government should be focusing on with disasters such as Haiti’s earthquake and with so many deaths from diseases caused by poverty. To help reduce poverty in the world, American...
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...(Staff, FEMA, 2015)The National Preparedness framework outlines 5 key areas in which aid and support may be administered to areas affect by natural economic and man-made catastrophes. By looking at and understanding the Framework of the National Preparedness plan, one can better understand how this Nation can come together in times of great need. When to utilize this Preparedness plan and when the individual Agencies and governmental bodies may enact the measures required, even when not specifically requested. In the event of great disaster comes the will of the people to survive. It is the people who must learn from the past to mitigate for the future and prepare for the unknown. By having a National Preparedness plan and Governmental Acts, Such as the Robert T. Stafford Act. (Staff, FEMA, 2015) The Nation can prepare for events that are unavoidable. The National Preparedness plan is a Plan that enables the Community to act as a whole by utilizing a five stage system to achieve one goal. As per Presidential Policy Directive / PPD-8. (Staff, DHS, 2011) The National Preparedness plan encompasses five stages to create the National preparedness framework. (Staff, FEMA, 2015) Stage 1- National Prevention Framework. 2- National Protection Framework. 3- National Mitigation Framework. 4- National Response Framework. (Second edition) 5- National Disaster Recovery Framework. Agencies on the Federal Level Such as FEMA (Staff, FEMA, 2015), Department of homeland security (Staff, Homeland...
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...Disaster Relief Management The Good and Bad of Disaster Relief Ceazare Kemp Public Administration and Policy 311 Ms. Bastedo Abstract: Whether you are from Oklahoma or New Jersey, Florida, California, Texas, Haiti, Thailand or Japan; Mother Nature holds no punches when it comes to dishing out her forms of friendly storms. Natural disasters have made a major financial, physical and mental impact on the people of the world. When disaster strikes and people are forced out of there neighborhood and homes, people want to know that when something like this happens, there is someone there to have their back; a piece of mind. In 1979, the Federal Emergency Management Agency was formed to help with state and local governments within the United States and the International Association of Emergency Managers was formed to help state, federal and governments ensure that their people have peace of mind. Table of Contents I. Introduction 3 II. Hurricane Katrina 4 III. Natural disasters in the United States 6 IV. Earthquake and tsunami in Japan 8 V. Natural disasters in the world 9 VI. Closing 11 VII. Reference 13 I. INTRODUCTIONS The environment is always changing and the people of the United States should always be aware of what could happen to them if they are not prepared for what Mother Nature do to their surroundings with no notice. There are several types of natural disasters that can maim...
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...Homework - Week 1 Intro to Business & Technology Which economic system is best suited for handling a crisis of epic proportions (hurricane, flood, blizzard, forest fire, etc.)? Why? Natural disasters cannot be predicted. Americans, as well as people in communities worldwide, are not prepared for these types of situations. The economic system is best able to cope and recover in the event of these types of natural disasters. The free market system is the most able because it involves a sector owning most resources. This leaves the government’s main function as facilitating and aiding economic activity. The government is focused on rebuilding investment in the private sectors. For example, the government would introduce ways of lending money, such as grants and low interest loans, which would help low sector get on with their main concerns. Their main motivation would be profit, which would be greatly aid regeneration. In 2011, a tornado tore through Joplin, MO. Economics Professor Dan Smith researched the effects of economic freedom on disaster relief surrounding the aftermath. He wrote in the News Tribune: “In contrast to other recoveries in which federal and state governments orchestrate recovery, policymakers allowed the free market, voluntary sector to guide recovery in Joplin, demonstrating how effectively economic freedom can help communities rebuild after a natural disaster.” (Smith, 2012). As one of our discussion topics this week was based on Wal-mart...
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