...CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY Stakeholder Management Approach is a way of understanding the ethical effects of environmental forces and groups on specific issues that affect real time stakeholders and their welfare. Special interest groups Local community groups Owners Supplier s Custome rs Primary stakeholders Consumer groups FIRM Media Employe es Secondary stakeholders Society at large Environmental groups External Stakeholders, Moral Stakes, and Corporate Responsibilities Suppliers, distributors (fairness, truthfulness in all transactions, contracts; mutual respects; honest info sharing; timely payment) Customers/consum ers (safe, reliable products, services; honest info; fair treatment; protection from product, service harm) Environment (protect & respect; improve & sustain; prevent waste; promote natural growth) Corporations (profits, brandname(s), reputation, trust, collaboration from stockholders, stakeholders Governments (law abiding; cooperation with fair standards; procedures; promote societal and community safety and health) Communities, Society (respects laws, rights, values of ppl, cultures; support and promote economic, physical, social health, human development; be a good citizen) Competitors (promote open markets; follow laws and rights of all stakeholders; act ethically in all business Dr. Truong Thi Nam Thang transactions) Criticism of stakeholder theory Negates and weakens fiduciary duties managers owe to stockholders...
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...of Management Review 2003, Vol. 28, No. 3, 447–465. THE CROSS-NATIONAL DIVERSITY OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: DIMENSIONS AND DETERMINANTS RUTH V. AGUILERA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign GREGORY JACKSON Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry We develop a theoretical model to describe and explain variation in corporate governance among advanced capitalist economies, identifying the social relations and institutional arrangements that shape who controls corporations, what interests corporations serve, and the allocation of rights and responsibilities among corporate stakeholders. Our “actor-centered” institutional approach explains firm-level corporate governance practices in terms of institutional factors that shape how actors’ interests are defined (“socially constructed”) and represented. Our model has strong implications for studying issues of international convergence. Corporate governance concerns “the structure of rights and responsibilities among the parties with a stake in the firm” (Aoki, 2000: 11). Yet the diversity of practices around the world nearly defies a common definition. Internationalization has sparked policy debates over the transportability of best practices and has fueled academic studies on the prospects of international convergence (Guillen, 2000; Rubach & Sebora, ´ 1998; Thomas & Waring, 1999). What the salient national differences in corporate governance are and how they should best be conceptualized remain hotly debated (Gedajlovic...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an activity that has gained momentum among companies, to improve their social image, especially in recent years. Corporate social responsibility has been defined by multiple studies. In this section, we provide a short summary and comparison of the most widely presented versions, followed by an overview of the situation of CSR in India. As defined by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), CSR is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) defines Corporate Social Responsibility...
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...Kepler Universität Linz Institut für Controlling und Consulting Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria Stefan.mayr@jku.at Keywords: Corporate responsibility, corporate restructuring, enterprise crisis, bankruptcy 1238 Abstract Discourse regarding ethics and corporate responsibility arose in the last years linked with an increasing number of accounting fraud scandals. The recent financial crisis has had a lasting negative influence on corporate profits. Companies have had to satisfy the interests of several stakeholders, such as its employees, banks, customers and the community, and at the same time successfully manage the consequences of the crisis. An empirical qualitative study which was conducted in Austria in 2008 is presented in this paper aimed at investigating business ethics and crisis management. The stakeholder theory will be used as a reference framework. This paper concludes with lessons that can be learned and political recommendations and policies put forth to grant failed businesses a second chance. 1. Introduction In the past few years, an increasing number of fraud cases and accounting scandals is linked to fierce discourse with respect to ethics and corporate accountability. Business ethics has likewise become a current research subject in science (Homan/Lütge, 2005; VHB, 2008). Discussions concerning corporate responsibility can be examined from different standpoints such as theological, philosophical or economical perspectives, and moreover...
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...Toshiba CSR Audit: The Relationship between Japanese Corporate Governance and Toshiba’s Accounting Scandal Ryan Shane West Chester University MGT 313-08 Dr. Fisher March 15th, 2016 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………………3 CSR Analysis…………………………………..…………………….…………………………………………………………………………………4 Stakeholder Analysis………………..………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………5 Consumer Analysis…………………….…………………………………………………………………………......................5 Shareholder Analysis……………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………6 Employee Analysis…………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………...7 Executive Management Analysis……………..………………………………………………………………………………..7 Role of Government, Business & Society...…………….………………………………………………………………………………8 Role of Government……………….….……………………………………………………………………………………………..9 Role of Business………………….………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..9 Role of Society…………………….……...………………………………………………………………………………………….10 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11 References……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………13 Toshiba Inc. is a Japanese multinational conglomerate that is considered one of the world’s leaders in information technology (Toshiba). In July of 2015, CEO Hisao Tanaka stepped down in light of the findings that Toshiba had been overstating its earnings for the past seven years by over $1.2 billion USD (Investopedia 2015). This scandal began in 2008 after the financial...
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...desires for profits against the needs and desires of society. Business ethics comprises the principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business. CHAPTER 2: STAKEHOLDER RELATIONSHIPS, SOCIAL RESPONDSIBILITY, AND CORPERATE GOVERNANCE. In a business context, customers, investors and shareholders, employees, suppliers, government agencies, communities, and many others who have a “stake” or claim in some aspect of a company’s products, operations, markets, industry, and outcomes are known as stakeholders. These groups are influenced by business, but they also have the ability to influence businesses; thus, the relationship between companies and their stakeholders is a two-way street. Stakeholders provide resources that are more or less critical to a firm’s long-term success. These resources may be both tangible and intangible. Primary stakeholders are those whose continued association is absolutely necessary for a firm’s survival; these include employees, customers, investors, and shareholders, as well as the governments and communities that provide necessary infrastructure. Secondary stakeholders do not typically engage in transactions with a company and thus are not essential for its survival; these include the media, trade associations, and special-interest groups. Stakeholder groups and issues | Potential indicators of...
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...Legality and Ethicality of Corporate Governance ETH/376 Legality and Ethicality of Corporate Governance United Thermostatic Controls, a publicly owned company, like many other companies in the world faced financial difficulties in 2010. The company set sales goals in the different regions they serve for 2010; most of the regions met or exceeded their goals although one region was below the target. The director, Frank Campbell, of the region with below target sales thought of an idea to meet the goals. The CPA, Tony Cupertino, was informed of the idea and the effects to the organization. Could the decision cause ethical or legal effects for the organization? Further review of the decision was needed to ensure SOX was followed and to determine if the decision would be equitable for stakeholders. Many people think accounting decisions are always clear based on laws and regulations; however, organizations need to be mindful of effects for everyone involved in the organization. In the United States there is no formal report for corporate governance; however, companies must disclose, and adapt corporate governance guidelines. The CEO of each organization must acknowledge the acceptance of the guidelines and comply with them (Mintz & Morris, 2011). After the Enron case New York CPA candidates must met ethics requirement criteria (Mintz & Morris, 2011). In this respect it is important for United Thermostatic Controls to separate ownership and control in the organization...
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...organizing, and controlling (Timmreck, 2009). The paper identifies how internal stakeholders of Norfolk Naval Shipyard apply the four functions of management. It is apparent that these four functions of Management within both military and civilian organizations have simulularities and work together to accomplish their goals. The United States Navy is a military service that receives orders from higher servicemen of rank to complete various missions at sea. The word “goals” in the military is not used; instead they use the words “Objective or Mission.” Norfolk Navy Shipyards is a Navy ship repair facility in Portsmouth Virginia since 1767 (October 25, 2010), which applies the four functions of management in its own way. Norfolk Navy Shipyard repair facility repairs and overhauls Navy ships and uses the words, agenda, commitments, and plan of actions instead of the word “goals” when conducting both administrative and mechanical work. Government and Military Internal Stakeholders The Norfolk Naval Shipyard’s internal stakeholders are government employees including the military, superintendents, directors, and supervisors. These stakeholders have a productive, efficient, and positive influence on the head of the shipyard decision maker, the Shipyard Commander (Morris, 1997). A shipyard Superintendent’s decision can be influenced by any of these stakeholders in business or corporate-related agendas. For example, planning is conducted daily. Bateman says, “Planning...
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...International trade is one of the most important trends in this day and age. The business activities of multinational corporations (MNCs) are becoming increasingly crucial to the world’s economy. Barrick Gold Corp., a leading Canadian corporate citizen and the world’s top gold producer, currently operating 26 mines worldwide, was the subject of much discussion in September 2011. It has been confronted with many ethical problems raised by globalization, such criticism are the accusation that it operates in violation of human rights and environmental standards. Because most of Barrick’s gold mines are located in the less developed countries, issues such as human rights, violence by security guards, environmental pollution, sexual assault happened. It is a very complex problem to deal with ethics in different area. Ethics will inevitably be susceptible to attack under the global scenario by different countries, cultures, social-economic conditions, value systems and moral standards. Thus, MNCs are considered responsible for their affiliates and subsidiaries’ activities as they have powerful influence over them. There are 4 levels of corporate social responsibility, based on Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility. At the grass roots is the economic level, which requires that the corporation be profitable. Barrick is doing great on this level as it is the most profitable firm among the Canadian extractive Industries and has evidenced a pattern of expanding quickly...
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...Business & Society http://bas.sagepub.com/ Corporate Social Performance As a Competitive Advantage in Attracting a Quality Workforce Daniel W. Greening and Daniel B. Turban Business Society 2000 39: 254 DOI: 10.1177/000765030003900302 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bas.sagepub.com/content/39/3/254 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: International Association for Business and Society Additional services and information for Business & Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://bas.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://bas.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://bas.sagepub.com/content/39/3/254.refs.html Downloaded from bas.sagepub.com at INDIAN INST OF MGMNT on May 10, 2011 Greening, Turban / CORPORATE SOCIAL BUSINESS & SOCIETY / September 2000 PERFORMANCE Corporate Social Performance as a Competitive Advantage in Attracting a Quality Workforce DANIEL W. GREENING DANIEL B. TURBAN University of Missouri Several researchers have suggested that a talented, quality workforce will become a more important source of competitive advantage for firms in the future. Drawing on social identity theory and signaling theory, the authors hypothesize that firms can use their corporate social performance (CSP) activities to attract job applicants. Specifically, signaling theory suggests that...
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...To what extent is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) beneficial to a company’s performance? CSR—A double-edged sword for company’s performance Starting from the refined corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies issued by the European Commission in 2011, a stinging debate is being aroused on the influence of CSR to the whole society. The most influential critic is Noble Prize winner Milton Friedman, who regards CSR as a waste of stockholders’ money (1970). However, many other articles claim, opposite Friedman, that CSR actually improves companies’ financial performance in the long run (Bagnoli and Watts, 2003; McWilliams and Siegel, 2001). There are plenty of arguments on CSR’s influence on company’s performance. As far as I am concerned, CSR plays as a double-edged sword in company performance. The definition of CSR is quite easy to understand. According to Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), CSR is defined as “achieving commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities, and the natural environment.” McWilliams and Siegel (2001:117) describe CSR as “actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interest of the firm and that which is required by law.” These suggest that a socially responsible corporation should take a step forward and adopt strategies and business practices that go beyond the profit requirements and contribute to some social-friendly activities. However, when companies choose to engage in CSR...
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...Ethics MGT 498 November, 2012 Ethics Edward O Wilson, an American biologist and theorist proposed that in the end, success or failure will come down to an ethical decision; one on which those now will be judged for generations to come (ThinkExist, 2012). Organizations require members to adhere to the established guidelines and ethics to maintain compliance with internal and external directives. The ability of the company to remain profitable without sacrificing ethics is a competitive advantage that will ensure consumer loyalty and enhance its reputation. Additionally, ethical decision-making contributes to a company’s fulfillment of corporate social responsibility. This analysis will describe how ethics and social responsibility influence the development of a strategic plan. Furthermore, it will provide an example of an unethical action and present an alternative method for handling the situation. Influence of Ethics The Free Dictionary.com (2012), defines ethics as a set of principles of right conduct or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession (Ethics). Although many believe that ethics and business cannot exist simultaneously, the cost of unethical behavior in organizations is unacceptable. According to Wheelen and Hunger (2010), a survey by the Ethics Resource Center of 1,324 employees of 747 U.S. companies found that 48% of employees surveyed said that they had engaged in one or more unethical and/or illegal actions during the...
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... 24 - 25 Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) versus Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA): If so, what is the significance of knowing the better accounting method to use when identifying environmental cost? It has become indispensable for companies to increase their responsibility regarding all facets of the environment and to acclimatize existing practices to cause limited environmental impairment; more especially at this present time when stakeholders linger ‘bitterly’ about how corporate failure have influence organization’s environmental performance and measurement issues. Yoking this emergent obligation within the corporate sector is consequently a strategic component in any strategy for accomplishing the goal of sustainable development; and evaluating the viability of such a strategy requires both the resolution of scientific and manufacturing problems; and also the attention of how organization’s account for environmental cost to demonstrate their corporate social responsibilities. The Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) and the Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA) are the two mainstream accounting approaches that have allowed an upsurge in the demand for relevant information to augment...
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...The effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Company Management There is a need to understand the negative or otherwise, of the effect of CRS activities on the management performance of the companies that practice CSR as part of their activities besides the major predetermined goals. Research evidence suggest that a corporation’s socially responsible behavior can positively affect certain attitudes toward the corporation. The effect occurs both directly and indirectly through the behavior’s effect on managers and the overall corporation identification. Thus, perceived corporate social responsibility affects not only customer purchase behavior through customer corporate identification but customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofit organizations. There has been a conceptualization of corporate social responsibility (CSR) that emphasizes the role and potential contribution of marketing discipline and depicts CSR initiatives as the actions undertaken to display conformity to organizational and stakeholder norms. There discuss managerial processes needed to monitor, meet, and even exceed, stakeholder norms, analysis explains how CSR initiatives can generate increased stakeholder support. In the face of marketplace polls that attest to the increasing influence of corporate social responsibility on consumers’ purchase behavior, implicate both company-specific factors, such as the CSR issues company chooses to focus on and the quality of its products, and individual-specific...
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...Addressing the Sustainability Challenge and its Effect on Managers of Modern Organizations Addressing the Sustainability Challenge Modern society is affected daily by technological advances, the fluidity of the economic system, the legitimacy of products, and the constant change in the environment. Likewise, modern organizations face the same challenges. As Daft (2012) mentions, all organizations exist for a purpose. The challenge for managers is to be able to understand these challenges as well as be able to project how they will affect their organization. The manager then must be able to apply organizational changes that will exploit these challenges in order to promote growth. Otherwise, the existing purpose of the organization would deteriorate. This issue is known as organizational sustainability; just as society must adapt to the constant change of the environment, organizations must adapt to constant change in order to maintain their purpose. Further, corporate sustainability is being able to identify the social, environmental, and economic impact that leaders must address for the success of their organization. It is critical for managers to consider sustainability because in order to keep an organization’s product or service relevant to the market, they must be able to adapt their strategy to the constant change of environment. Organizational sustainability encompasses the personnel that make up the organization, the products and services that the organization...
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