...Dumping The rich world tells the poor world to get rid of subsidies, but continues to spend $1 billion a day subsidizing its own farming enterprises. Rich countries dump subsidized produce on developing countries, driving down the price of local produce - with devastating effects on the local economy. This unbalanced playing field has made many poor farmers even poorer, or forced them off their land completely. Definition of 'Anti-Dumping Duty' A protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on foreign imports that it believes are priced below fair market value. In the United States, anti-dumping duties are imposed by the Department of Commerce and often exceed 100%. They come into play when a foreign company is selling an item significantly below the price at which it is being produced. The logic behind anti-dumping duties is to save domestic jobs, although critics argue that this leads to higher prices for domestic consumers and reduces the competitiveness of domestic companies producing similar goods. Investopedia explains 'Anti-Dumping Duty' Some people believe that a foreign company will even lower the price of the product it is “dumping” below its own cost to manufacture the good in order to drive domestic competitors out of business and later raise prices. Even when a foreign company sells its exports at the same or a higher price than they sell for in the company's home country, the importing country can decide that the exporter is guilty of “dumping” and impose...
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...1. US sets preliminary anti dumping duties on steel rebar from Mexico and Turkey Source: www.steelguru.com - Wednesday, 23 Apr 2014 Reuters reported that the US Commerce Department set preliminary duties on millions of dollars worth of imports of steel rebar from Mexico and Turkey after a complaint by US producers about price undercutting by foreign competitors. The department set dumping duties of up to 66.7% on imports from Mexico and duties of up to 2.6% on Turkish imports after American producers alleged companies from the two countries were selling steel rebar, which is used to reinforce concrete, at unfairly low prices. A final decision is due on July 2. The US International Trade Commission and the Commerce Department launched investigations after a petition was filed last year by Nucor Corporation, Commercial Metals Company and other manufacturers. The trade commission found there was reasonable indication the imports are harming local firms. Mr John Ferriola CEO of Nucor said that “Imports from Mexico and Turkey had doubled since 2010 and were having a devastating impact on the industry”. Commerce said that in 2013 imports of steel concrete reinforcing bar from Mexico were valued at an estimated USD 182.1 million and from Turkey at USD 381.3 million. The manufacturers accuse Mexican and Turkish competitors of unfairly undercutting US prices to grab sales and market share, a trade strategy known as dumping. US manufacturers also claimed rebar imports...
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...Module Name and Code : Global Business Management () Programme: Master of Business Administration Degree Surname: Dhorat First Names: Ahmed Iqbal Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Question One : Logitech Case Study 3 3. Question Two : Dixon Ticonderoga Case Study 3 Question 2.2 : Dixon's Strategy 3 Question 2.3.1 : Arguments Raised by Dixon Ticonderoga in Favour of Anti-dumping Duties 3 Question 2.3.2 Alternatives to Anti-dumping action 4 4. Question Three : Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) 5 Question 3.1 : The Reasons for FDI Growth Over the Past 20 Years 5 Question 3.2 : Mergers and Acquisitions vs. Greenfield Investments 6 Question 3.3 : Using Vernon's Product Life Cycle to explain FDI 8 5. Question Four : Functions of the Foreign Exchange Market 9 6. Conclusion 10 7. References 10 8. Bibliography 11 Introduction Heizer and Render (2008) have highlighted ten critical operations management functions which were referred to as “ Decision Areas”. Senior management outlines Question One : Logitech Case Study 1 Question 1.1 : Logitech's Decision to Locate Production in China As with most cases there are both supporters and critics of free trade. Usually industries that find themselves at a competitive disadvantage to foreign goods and services are opposed to free trade and seek protectionist measures from governments. From an economical perspective, free trade reduces costs of products as companies take advantage of lower costs in various...
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...expectancy, education, and income, indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development) and thus moving further along the development continuum. With expert leg-growth has been the main approach to development, trade may not be the only panacea for development. Other approaches to development such as aid and political avenues also have to be explored. However, the main process to development is industrialisation (manufactured goods create more income than raw materials/primary products) with this we see countries moving through the Clark Fisher model; moving from primary through to tertiary sectors. This increased revenue would promote wealth and improving living standards. In turn, this would make way for the 'trickling down' effect, the increased wealth means surplus money would be available for new industry to be established. Furthermore, this surplus of money may be reinvested into vital infrastructure and increasing the indices needed to value the HDI. Exploring and analysing approaches to development will form the basis of my conclusion. Over the last three decades China has experienced a remarkable transformation, going from being a poor and largely agricultural economy to becoming the world’s industrial powerhouse. Much of China’s remarkable growth between 1978 and 2000 can be explained by the reform. China’s rise as a major global economy was boosted by its WTO membership in 2001 opened its economy through export led growth. By...
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...Financial Markets & Institutions Group Assignment Yuan Devaluation Group 2 Group Members Kouadio Dieudonne XPGDM-18 Rohit Khandelwal XPGDM-28 Shruti Tibrewal XPGDM-32 COUNTRY AT A GLANCE Population | 1.364 billion | 2014 | GDP | $10.35 trillion | 2014 | GDP growth | 7.3% | 2014 | Inflation | 2.0% | 2014 | CHINA Economic Overview The Chinese economy experienced astonishing growth in the last few decades that catapulted the country to become the world's second largest economy. In 1978—when China started the program of economic reforms—the country ranked ninth in nominal gross domestic product (GDP) with USD 214 billion; 35 years later it jumped up to second place with a nominal GDP of USD 9.2 trillion. Since the introduction of the economic reforms in 1978, China has become the world’s manufacturing hub, where the secondary sector (comprising industry and construction) represented the largest share of GDP. However, in recent years, China’s modernization propelled the tertiary sector and, in 2013, it became the largest category of GDP with a share of 46.1%, while the secondary sector still accounted for a sizeable 45.0% of the country’s total output. Meanwhile, the primary sector’s weight in GDP has shrunk dramatically since the country opened to the world. China weathered the global economic crisis better than most other countries. In November 2008, the State Council unveiled a CNY 4.0 trillion (USD 585 billion) stimulus package in an...
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...Signature: (you must sign this declaring that it is all your own work and all sources of information have been referenced) TableofContents: 1. Explain why governments may advocate free trade whilst at the same time resort to protectionism to protect their domestic industries 3 2. Explain what types of barriers may be used and what impact they have on consumers and producers 9 Part1:Explain why governments may advocate free trade whilst at the same time resort to protectionism to protect their domestic industries. Introduction Free trade has been growing the last three decades due to market globalization, industrialization and growing number of developing countries. According to free trade, countries do not restrict imports and exports, and they establish open markets in own areas. Therefore, foreign investors and producers can enter the market freely and trade their goods and services without any trade barriers or taxes. Free trade is exercised between countries based on their agreements with each other. Free trade fosters economic development of developing and poor countries, as well as enable consumers to have access to variety of products and services at lower prices....
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...dump garbage and hazardous waste in developing countries. First World companies might also build plants, which emit considerable pollution, in Third World nations to avoid the regulations these companies would face at home. Some transnational corporations that produce chemicals deemed overly dangerous in the First World find a market in the Third World. There, governments cannot restrict usage of these chemicals because it would be too costly to citizens trying to make a living. Countries in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia are the greatest victims of this environmental inequality. In addition to problems created by development and industrialization, poorer nations also suffer environmental difficulties caused by poverty and war, among other causes. Many environmental problems arise in the Third World. Air pollution, water pollution , deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, and poisoning of the environment are among the largest of these. Third World nations are aware of these problems and are working to solve them. The United Nations and other international organizations have looked into preventing foreign companies from dumping waste in developing nations, making transnational corporations pay for the pollution they produce, and enlisting the First World in helping to clean up...
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...Trade in 2020: A Mapping of Relevant Factors Introduction India's trade has generally grown at a faster rate compared to the growth of GDP over the past two decades. With the liberalization since 1991 in particular, the importance of international trade in India’s economy has grown considerably. As a result the ratio of international trade to GDP has gone up from 14 per cent in 1980 to nearly 20 per cent towards the end of the decade of 1990s. Given the trends of globalization and liberalization, the openness of Indian economy is expected to grow further in the coming two decades. The more exact magnitude of India's trade in 2020 and its proportion to India's national income would be determined by a variety of factors. Many of these factors are in the nature of external shocks and are beyond the control of national policy making. One illustration is the recent surge in the crude oil prices in the international market to unprecedented levels that have impacted the country’s imports in a significant manner. In addition, the implementation of various WTO agreements are...
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...IRACST – International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management (IJCBM), ISSN: 2319–2828 Vol. 2, No.4, August 2013 FACTORS AFFECTING THE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES – A REVIEW OF LITERATURE Yoganandan.G & Jaganathan A.T Assistant Professor(s) in Management Studies K.S.R College of Arts and Science Tiruchengode, India Saravanan. R Director and Head, Department of Management Studies Sri Krishna College of Technology Coimbatore, India. SenthilKumar .V M.Phil Scholar in Management Studies K.S.R College of Arts and Science Tiruchengode, India. Abstract The present study aims at reviewing researches conducted in the area of determinants of and factors affecting the export performance of textile industry. The tools used by the various researchers and their findings are studied in order to establish the academic contributions made by these studies to the existing body of knowledge, new models developed and also to highlight method adopted or suggested by researchers for conducting researches in the area of export performance of manufacturing industries with special focus on textile sector in developing countries. The article analyzed researches carried out in China, India, Sri Lank, Bangladesh and Pakistan. These economies are the dominant textile exporters in the international trade. The review highlights that most of the studies have been carried out on establishing the relationship between GDP, exchange rate, labor, capital (FDI)...
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...Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail......................................................... 2 Special report - Business in India: Inbound and outbound deals: Their oyste ....................................................... 12 Growing confidence dented by politicians .............................................................................................................. 16 BEST CROSS - BORDER M&A DEAL .................................................................................................................. 18 The Literature on Chinese Outward FDI ................................................................................................................ 19 Page 1 of 36 © 2012 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail India Infoline News Service 5,801 words 2 May 2012 Indiainfoline News Service INFOIN English Copyright © 2012. Indiainfoline Ltd. FDI- Foreign Direct Investment Context: NEWS FDI in multi-brand retail to go ahead,TNN (TIMES OF INDIA) Govt says committed to multi-brand retail FDI FE BUREAU Aviation FDI: Cautious, Centre set to take allies on board, BUSINESS STANDARD India has been ranked at the third place in global foreign direct investments in 2009 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-11...
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...very beginning of the project, which helped in the timely completion of the project. The faculty members at AIBS, who continued to have an impact on our thinking which helped us to complete this project. And all other staff members at the institute. Richa Bhalla Udai Bir Bhasin INDEX S.NO. | PARTICULARS | PAGE NO. | 1. | Executive Summary | 4 | 2. | Introduction | 5 | 3. | Difference between a Smartphone & Feature Phone | 7 | 4. | Indian Telecom Industry | 8 | 5. | SWOT Analysis of Mobile Industry | 12 | 6. | Low-Priced Segment of Mobile Phones | 13 | 7. | Market Structure & Segmentation | 15 | 8. | International Business | 20 | 9. | The Case of Micromax | 26 | 10. | The Case of Karbonn Mobiles | 30 | 11. | Recommendations | 33 | 12. | Conclusion | 34 | 13. | Bibliography | 35 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this paper is to focus on the low-priced segment of mobile phones. The mobile subscription rate in India has had an exponential growth over the last decade out doing China in leading the world market for number of wireless...
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...ago in the area now known as the Holy Land. Many sources independently verify that the actual known history of Tiles, (and the known usage of wall and floor tile coverings) can be traced back as far as the fourth millennium BC (4000 BC) to Egypt. In those days, in Egypt, tiles were used to decorate various houses. Clay bricks were dried beneath the sun or baked, and the first glazes were blue in color and were made from copper, very exquisite! During that period ceramics were also known to be found in Mesopotamia. These ceramics bore decorations, which were white and blue striped and later possessed more varied patterns and colors. Later on, in China too, the great center of ceramic art, a fine, white stoneware with the earliest Chinese glaze was produced during the Shang-Yin dynasty (1523-1028 BC). The usage and the art of making and...
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...Answers to eThemes of the Times for Krugman/Obstfeld International Economics: Theory and Policy, 7e Chapter 1: Introduction "U.S. and Trade Partners Maintain Unhealthy Long-Term Relationship" By Louis Uchitelle, New York Times, Saturday, September 18, 2004 1. The subject of this article centers on the current account balance. Does this seem like an "international trade" or an "international money" issue? Answer: Aspects of the issue seem to overlap with both areas of international economics. The article discusses goods and services transactions [trade], as well as international borrowing and exchange rates [money]. 2. Many economists seem to be giving the issue of the current account a lot of thought. Does there seem to be a consensus in the article? Does your answer surprise you? Answers will vary. If anything, the consensus is confusion—confusion at how the deficit has persisted for so long with no severe consequences. Bergsten stands out as the most alarmed, though almost every economist seems a bit concerned about the trade deficit. This economist, on the contrary, is not concerned at all about the current account deficit, and you may come to your own conclusion upon reading further chapters. In general economists tend to agree about many big-picture issues, but may disagree occasionally where the data is open to interpretation or when more ideological considerations come into play. 3. Near the end of the article there is a logical fallacy...
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...RESEARCH PAPER 06/36 19 JUNE 2006 A Political and Economic Introduction to China “If the 20th century ended in 1989, the 21st began in 1978” Martin Jacques, The Guardian, 25 May 2006 China’s political and economic rise and what it means for the world is now a central preoccupation of analysts and policy-makers. Public awareness of China is likely to increase as the 2008 Olympics in Beijing draw near. This Research Paper is intended to act as a resource that Members of Parliament and their staff can draw upon when engaging with China’s remarkable transformation. Part I provides key facts and figures about China. Parts II and III review recent developments and future prospects by addressing four key questions. Is political authoritarianism sustainable? Can China’s development be peaceful? What are the main domestic economic challenges facing China? What is China’s impact on the world economy? Part IV summarises key aspects of UK and EU relations with China. The Paper ends with a select bibliography of key sources. The Research Paper is intended to act as a platform for a series of Library Standard Notes that will address in more depth specific issues about China that there is space here only to discuss briefly. Jon Lunn, Maria Lalic, Ben Smith and Claire Taylor INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND DEFENCE SECTION Ed Beale, Ed Potton, Ian Townsend and Dominic Webb ECONOMIC POLICY AND STATISTICS SECTION HOUSE OF COMMONS LIBRARY Recent Library Research Papers include: List of 15...
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...Economics Economies of Scale Reduction in cost per unit resulting from increased production, realized through operational efficiencies. Economies of scale can be accomplished because as production increases, the cost of producing each additional unit falls. Diseconomies of Scale “Economies of scale” is a simple concept that can be demonstrated through an example. Assume you are a small business owner and are considering printing a marketing brochure. The printer quotes a price of $5,000 for 500 brochures, and $10,000 for 2,500 copies. While 500 brochures will cost you $10 per brochure, 2,500 will only cost you $4 per brochure. In this case, the printer is passing on part of the cost advantage of printing a larger number of brochures to you. This cost advantage arises because the printer has the same initial set-up cost regardless of whether the number of brochures printed is 500 or 2,500. Once these costs are covered, there is only a marginal extra cost for printing each additional brochure. Economies of scale can arise in several areas within a large enterprise. While the benefits of this concept in areas such as production and purchasing are obvious, economies of scale can also impact areas like finance. For example, the largest companies often have a lower cost of capital than small firms because they can borrow at lower interest rates. As a result, economies of scale are often cited as a major rationale when two companies announce a merger or takeover. However...
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