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Effective Communication in the Workplace

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I. Attention-Grabbing introduction: “LEECHES!!!” take a look at these pictures on the board and tell me what you think? …..Pretty crazy huh? Does anyone remember the film “Stand by Me” by chance….? There is a scene in this movie where 4 boys are running and decide to jump in a stream…as they walk out they notice these slimy slug like creatures all over their arms, backs, legs other private parts. As they start flinging these blood sucking creatures from their bodies and other areas that we won’t discuss.. Is one of many justified beliefs that these nasty segmented slimy, wormlike things sole purpose on this earth is to make you recoil in disgust simply from the sight of them…But wait! What if I told you that this same creature held and current serve as an important purpose in the medical field.

II. Preview of 3 Main Points: Today I will give information about medical uses of leeches. There are three main points to touch on. First, what medical procedures utilize leeches? Second, why do we use leeches in the medical field. Third and finally, I will speak about the medical benefits of using leeches in medicine today.
Thesis/ Specific Purpose Statement: Using these three main points, I will inform the audience of the medical uses and benefits of leeches.
The Body: I. Point One: What medical procedures today utilize leeches?

A. Sub-point A.
1). Reconstructive Surgery

2). Trauma Patients- In Austrailai 2004 a surfer gets mauled by a surfer on Bondi Beach one of the world’s most preeminent beaches Surgeons say it was a miracle that they managed to reattach the hand of a surfer who was mauled by a shark at Sydney's Bondi Beach. Thirty-three-year-old Glenn Orgias was attacked by a great white shark while surfing at dusk almost two weeks ago. e was taken to St Vincent's Hospital with his hand hanging by a three centimetre piece of skin. Plastic surgeon Dr Kevin Ho says doctors never expected that they would be able to reattach the hand.
"However in the Bondi surfer's case, given his general health and the speed of which he was rushed into the operating theatre, and also the extent of his injuries, made it a possibility that we could reattach the hand," he said. Dr Ho says leeches were used as part of the effort to restore blood flow to the hand, and he is hopeful that Mr Orgias will regain function in it.

3) Therapy- According to Dr. Francis S. Collins, Presidential appointed Director to the National Institute of Health in Bethesda Maryland. “Leeches are among some of the ugliest but most unexpected creatures to have ever been introduced into the medical community at the NIH compound”, but even so they are continuously showing promise and exceeding many expectations.” We are currently using assessing leech therapy for knee osteoarthritis Leech therapy can reduce symptoms caused by osteoarthritis. Repeated use of the leeches appears to improve the long-term results. We have not determined whether the positive outcome of the leech therapy is caused by active substances released during the leeching, the placebo effect, or the high expectations placed on this unusual treatment form

B. Sub-point B. Therapy
Leech therapy has been used and is still in use for many diseases of the body. They are used to treat arthritis and other inflammatory processes. It is perfect for those with vascular (arterial and venous diseases), heart (ischemic diseases and hypertension). The GI or gastrointestinal tract can also benefit from leech therapy, especially those who suffer from hepatitis, stomach ulcers, and pancreatitis, among others. Likewise, individuals with problems in their genitourinary system and gynecological disorders will also benefit greatly from leech therapy. Skin diseases like psoriasis, herpes, and eczema can also be treated with leech therapy. Other problems known to benefit from leech therapy are the eyes (example is glaucoma) and the brain (for infantile cerebral palsy). II. Point Two: Why do we use leeches in the medical field.

A. Sub-point A. Anticoagulation Effects
The anticoagulant is also useful to patients in a grafting or reattachment procedure. A doctor attaches a leech to the skin near the graft or reconnected digit. As the leech feeds, it releases the blood thinner into the patient's soft tissue, preventing clotting and allowing for continuous blood circulation, which is necessary for the procedure to be successful. When the leech fills with blood, it eventually falls off, but the patient continues to bleed, allowing for continued circulation and new vein growth. Depending on the nature of the procedure, leeches are typically used constantly (replaced as they drop off every 20 minutes or so) for up to two days and then often intermittently for a few days following the procedure
1). Enzymatic compounds

2). Calin- Another compound that prevents coagulation is calin. This, on the other hand, works as an anticoagulant by prohibiting the von Willebrand factor to bind itself to collagen, and it is also an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation caused by collagen.

3). Hirudin- The most prominent of these anticoagulation agents is hirudin, which binds itself to thrombins, thus, effectively inhibiting coagulation of the blood.

B. Sub-point B. Anti-inflammatory Effects

1). Bdellins Compound- Bdellins is a compound in the leech�s saliva that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting trypsin as well as plasmin. It also inhibits the action of the acrosin. Another anti-inflammatory agent is the eglins.

2). Plasmin
C. Sub-Point C. Bacteriostatic and Anesthetic Effects- The saliva of leeches also contains anesthetic substances which deaden pain on the site and also bacteria-inhibiting substances which inhibit the growth of bacteria.

III. Point Three: The medical benefits of using leeches in medicine
A. Sub-point A. Pain
1). Anesthetics- The saliva of leeches also contains anesthetic substances which deaden pain on the site and also bacteria-inhibiting substances which inhibit the growth of bacteria.
2). Benefits: leeches produce a natural anticoagulant or blood thinner, which keeps the blood in them from thickening and clotting and allows them to stay mobile
Conclusion: So through consistent efforts of great minds and those in the medical world who dare to venture out and seek new and game changing medical advances no matter how slimy or disgusting we discontinue to strive. So just remember the next time your out and about and come across a weird bug wormor creature and decide to step on it, you might have just hurt the one thing that could potentially save your life one day. Thank you for your time and I apologize for any and all who got queasy during my speech

Interesting facts about leeches 1. 1. 1. Leeches are worms with suckers on each end of their body.2. Leeches can be 1 centimeter to over 25 centimeters in length.3. Leeches suck blood from animals and humans.4. Leeches have 32 brains 2. 2. 5.Leeches have teeth and they inject an anesthetic so you do not feel when they are on you.6. Leeches teeth are strong enough to bite into a hippos skin.7.Leeches can be used to help people.They are used to help drain blood.8. A crazy fact about a leech is that they like beer! 3. 3. 9.Leeches live in warm wet places.Leeches can be found under rocks andin lakes and rivers.10.Leeches can survive four up to 1year after having blood. 4. 4. Thanks forwatching

See comment in PubMed Commons below
Assessment of leech therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized study.
Andereya S1, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R, Mumme T, Siebert CH, Stock F, Schneider U.
Author information * 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Univresity Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Annastift Hanover, Germany. sandereya@ukaachen.de
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with leeches is presently undergoing a renaissance. Previous studies have shown methodical weaknesses. In the present study patients were blinded regarding the treatment, and a control group was included to explore possible differences in various subjective clinical scores and intake of pain medication over time between leech therapy and placebo control.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
113 patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the knee were included. The patients were randomized to a single treatment group, group I (single leech application, n = 38), a double treatment group, group II (double application, n = 35), and a control group (n = 40). The second treatment in group II took place after an interval of 4 weeks. The treatment in the control group was simulated with the help of an "artificial leech". Results were documented with the KOOS and WOMAC scores and also a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Changes in the use of pain medication were monitored over 26 weeks.
RESULTS:
An improvement in KOOS and WOMAC scores, and also in VAS, was found in all 3 groups following treatment. These improvements were statistically significant for treatment groups I and II during the complete follow-up period. The reduction in individual requirements for pain medication was also statistically significant. The greatest improvement was seen in the group treated twice with the leeches, with a long-term reduction of joint stiffness and improved function in the activities of daily living.
INTERPRETATION:
Leech therapy can reduce symptoms caused by osteoarthritis. Repeated use of the leeches appears to improve the long-term results. We have not determined whether the positive outcome of the leech therapy is caused by active substances released during the leeching, the placebo effect, or the high expectations placed on this unusual treatment form.

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