...The separation of powers hinders effective government in the USA. Discuss. (30 marks) The ‘separation of powers’ is a theory where political power is distributed over the 3 branches of government. This was put in place to create a limited government which would essentially help to avoid tyranny and protect the liberty of citizens. Some of the checks and balances include: the president checking congress by presidential veto; the presidential veto is checked by congressional override; the supreme court uses judicial review to decide whether legislation or actions are unconstitutional; presidential appointments are confirmed, and treaties ratified by the Senate; and finally the president is the Commander in Chief of the armed forces, but only congress can declare war. Checks and balances are needed alongside the separation of powers. Checks and balances are essential for the scrutiny of the three branches of government, however they come with some disadvantages. One reason as to why the separation of powers hinders effective government in the USA is because there is often a divided house within government which subsequently results in gridlock when passing legislation or when each branch exercises their powers. It is not uncommon that the majority party in congress is the opposite of the party that the President belongs to. This usually means that the legislative and executive have contrasting views. Most recent presidents have accused the Senate of either rejecting or blocking...
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...‘The separation of powers hinders effective government in the United States’. Discuss The ‘separation of powers’ is a theory – adopted from Montesquieu in 1748 – where political power is distributed over the 3 branches of government. This was put in place to create a limited government which would essentially help to avoid tyranny and protect the liberty of citizens. Neustradt stated that it was the institutions that are separate and not the powers. If the branches were totally separate, power would be difficult to exercise especially with the use of checks and balances. Instead there is a separation of personnel, where not one member of one branch can work within another branch. So all in all, the US government created a doctrine of ‘shared powers’, where checks and balances are needed. Madison agreed with this, and said: ‘you must first enable the government to control the governed, and in the next place oblige it to control itself’. Some of the checks and balances include: the president checking congress by presidential veto; the presidential veto is checked by congressional override; the supreme court uses judicial review to decide whether legislation or actions are unconstitutional; presidential appointments are confirmed, and treaties ratified by the Senate; and finally the president is the Commander in Chief of the armed forces, but only congress can declare war. Checks and balances are needed alongside the separation of powers. Checks and balances are essential...
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...to work for income, sell assets, leave home to seek job and income) and thirdly, requital – try accessing additional resources (e.g. seek loans, seek gift in kind, seek relief). Generally, disaster affected people do not perceive that they have any entitlement. They depend on immediate relief for the emergency period through NGOs, and GO. They are more dependent on the ‘safety net’ programmes of government as most vulnerable groups. CBOs – a community based formal set up, it is civil society non-profits that operate within a single local community. They are essentially a subset of the wider group of nonprofits. Like other nonprofits they are often run on a voluntary basis. It has ability to respond in emergency promptly due to its presence within the affected society. However, their capacities and resources are very limited. They play a supportive role to humanitarian agencies with their heir assistance in post-disaster situation which is perceived as a cost-effective approach of the formal humanitarian actors. Local Government Bodies – Union Parishad, is the last resort in government system that have exigency within the community with people’ mandates. They are one of the major vehicles for delivering response...
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...How effective is parliament? Parliament in the UK is mainly made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The ‘executive’ refers to the Government. The effectiveness of parliament is judged by how effectively the government is held to account by the Commons and Lords. One of parliament’s main functions is holding the government to account. One of the effective ways parliaments hold the government to account is it forces government ministers to justify their policies and explain why they were developed as well as explain the future effects of these policies. Debates are a perfect opportunity to hold the government to account they provide an open floor for Mps to speak and question members of the government, however this is usually unreliable seeing as PM’s get pre-prepared questions. The opposition party and everyone else within parliament have the duty to criticise and scrutinise government bills. This works to keep the government in check as it forces them to reconsider their decisions, make changes if necessary and defend their ideas from the oppositions criticism. This then works to ensure that policy is well thought out, and discussed before it is passed through the House of Lords. It is Parliaments ability to question that allows them to keep the power of government in check; this suggests that parliament is effective on government to a large extent. An example of a governments defeat would be the Hunting with dogs’ act 2001. However, Parliament is limited in...
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...technology to help realize his key agenda items. Government policymakers and business leaders also need to consider foundational technology and public policy issues, such as privacy, identity, architecture and the impact of Web 2.0. E-Governments is the future of any nation and as soon as Government moves towards Internet, the internal operations will be faster. More and More Governments are moving towards cloud computing and Web 2.0 service to implement public policy today. The biggest challenge in this is data security and maintaining the integrity of the data. This is one of the most difficult and important task to do. This is the biggest challenge for the governments all over the world. The last time that research houses published a special report on how technology would affect public policy and vice versa in the U.S. was during the aftermath of the 2000 presidential election. That report led to other special reports on the relationship of technology and public policy in other parts of the world. In those reports, we were optimistic about the prospects of technology's enablement of the public policy, including streamlining government in much the same way that IT has helped to improve efficiency in the private sector, and the prospects for the public's involvement in rule making and legislation. Our predictions at the time were pessimistic about the prospects for e-government citizen-facing portals, freedom from government surveillance through the Internet, and the ability...
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...THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT PROCESS ON EFFECTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY IN UGANDA. A CASE STUDY OF MBALE MUNICIPAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL By: WANDULU KOSEA 2011-B141-10072 A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS OF UGANDA MARTYRS UNIVERSITY MAY, 2014 DECLARATION I, Wandulu Kosea declare that the content of this dissertation is my original work and it has never been submitted to any University or institution of higher learning for any academic award. Where relevant information to the study was got from others authors’ work, it was duly acknowledged. Wandulu Kosea Signature………………… Date:………………….. APPROVAL This dissertation has been submitted with my approval as the supervisor and it is worthy to be credited as part of the necessary requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Economics and Statistics of Uganda Martyrs University. Supervisor: Dr. F. Mwesigye Signature………………… Date:………………………. DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Dinah and Dison Nakhokho, brothers, sisters and friends for their endless love, moral, spiritual, emotional and financial support that helped me to grow in my education. Special appreciation goes to my elder brother William Makuma for his unconditional guidance and financial support...
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...elite or with the radicals? Why? If I was there, I would have helped the radicals, I believe that everyone should be equal, and also during that time British is invading lots of different countries and claimed lots of colonies. I think that as United States is such a big piece of land, it will be better off creating its own culture as there are so many difference between the two and if they want to hold onto the US, they should have treated the people equally. 4. Describe the ways in which the framers limited the national government’s power under the Constitution. The framers limited the government power by creating a federal structure, the framers also create a system of checks and balances so the actions of one branch can be blocked by another, the national government’s power was also limited by dividing it’s functions among three branches. 5. Why might the framers have placed such limits on the government they had just created? This is to prevent the oppressive government that they experience when they are under the control of...
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...classical liberalism and modern liberalism. Classical liberalism was based on ideas formed by John Locke and Adam Smith. Locke was known as the “originator of liberalism (Analyzing Politics, 5th ed.). In his book, Two Treatises of Government, Locke expressed that he agreed with the idea of limited government. He believed that as long as people followed the laws of nature, which are, preserve yourself, do not harm others, and help others if possible, then there would be little need for government intervention. Although Locke acknowledged that classes of rich and poor would be born through economic change, both him and Adam Smith believed that economic inequality was not necessarily “unjust or unfair (Analyzing Politics, 5th ed.). In the end, both Locke and Smith were in favor of limited government and Smith argued that government should be limited to security, roads, bridges, and schools. Modern liberalism was based on the ideas of English philosopher T.H. Green. Green argued against many of the ideas that classical liberalism was founded on and was in favor of an “interventionist government” (Analyzing Politics, 5th ed.) that would control the economy and social interactions. He believed that economic inequality was unfair and thought government intervention was necessary in order to have people living in poverty become productive members of society. The ideas of modern...
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...World order is a term used to describe the balance of power among the nations of the world. It is linked with the political, economic and social framework in the world at a particular time and the effect that this situation has on the relationship between countries. There is an increasing need for world order in the global community due to growing conflict both within and between nations and regions. The increased trade between countries has stimulated the growth of many world order issues such as the access to resources, the inequality in a nation’s distribution of income, crimes against humanity and the growing awareness of human rights globally have also led to an increased need for world order. The importance of world order in promoting peace and harmony can be seen in the dramatic growth and development of international law over the past 60 years. The international responses currently in place include are mainly enforced by the United Nations (UN) and are aimed at the maintenance of world order in the international community. There is an increasing need for World Order in contemporary society than ever before as a high level of interdependence between countries has resulted from the push for globalisation and free trade. This interaction between countries has instigated greater conflict in the world in the form of terrorism, civil unrest and conflict for access to the world’s shrinking resources. Access to resources has been a major source of conflict due...
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...December, 2010. ABSTRACT This study seeks an understanding of the role of public relations in building consensus on reforms and engendering public acceptance of government policies. The study attempts to achieve this through an assessment of the public communication programmes for the Nigerian downstream petroleum sector reform being executed by the Federal Government. The study established that there is a nexus between public relations, consensus building and reform success, as demonstrated in a number of countries that have had successful reforms. In the case of Nigerian, the study revealed that absence of strategic communication in the design and implementation of reforms has occasioned poor understanding of some of the reforms leading to lack of consensus and eventual failure of the reforms. The study recommends an effective communication programming for the deregulation of the Nigerian downstream oil sector, which must be based on sound opinion research and analysis, coordinated across Ministries and relevant Agencies, and integrated with government’s overall planning of economic reform programmes. Introduction The purpose of this study is to seek an understanding of the role of public relations in building consensus on reforms and engendering public acceptance of government policies. The study intends to achieve this through an assessment of the public...
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...NUMBERS-08068231953,08168759420 WE WILL THEN SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT,TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE FOR FREE NOTE ALSO: IF YOU ALREADY HAVE AN APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC THAT IS NOT ON OUR WEBSITE,WE CAN ALSO DEVELOP IT FOR YOU.WE WILL SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT,TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE FOR FREE WITHIN 48 HOURS JUST SEND THE APPROVED TOPIC TO 08068231953,08168759420 PROJECT TOPICS IN ECONOMICS: 1. URBANIZATION A PROBLEM TO FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE) ( 5 chapters and 62 pages) 2. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADULT EDUCATION GRADUATES IN ENUGU STATE NIGERIA)(5 chapters and 76 pages) 3. THE GROWTH OF INDIGENOUS FIRMS IN NIGERIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS: (A CASE STUDY OF AJAOKUTA STEEL COMPANY LIMITED IN KOGI STATE) ) ( 3 chapters and 37 pages) 4. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PREREQUISITE FOR HIGH PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF BEECHAM PLC) ( 3 chapters and 38 pages) 5. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ESUT, ENUGU) (5 chapters and 69 pages) 6. THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS...
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...development of CARICOM and related institutions and arrangements have taken up a considerable amount of time of governments. Associated with that have been trade and economic agreements with major trading partners – European Union (EU), Canada and, more recently, the United States. Governments have also been involved in almost unending negotiations with the international financial institutions over their stabilisation and adjustment programmes. At different periods substantial attention has also been paid to global negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations and its specialized agencies, such as GATT. Furthermore, some governments have been intensely involved in negotiations with international companies in the fields such as natural resources telecommunications. It is not possible in a single presentation to distill and synthesise this wide variety of experiences into a set of reflections. What I shall do is to concentrate on the governmental trade and economic negotiations with overseas countries and groups of countries, partly because we are on the threshold of new negotiations for entry in to NAFTA, and the lessons of the past may be of some help in structuring the future. THE PREPARATORY PROCESS Starting first with the issue of how CARICOM has prepared for international negotiations, the typical pattern has been for the Heads of Government to agree on a broad strategy, leaving it to a Committee of Ministers, drawn from the CARICOM Council, to work out...
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...2000 Bank Deposits, 72.19% Tk 749.32 billion Debt Market, 27.81% Tk 288.64 billion Government, 99.64% Tk 287.60 billion Treasury bills, 26.58% Tk 76.45 billion Treasury bonds, 13.91% Tk 40.01 billion Savings schemes, 59.28%Tk 170.48 billion ™ Private, 0.36% Effective Yield Tk 1.04 billion 8.63% 7.02% 11.49% 16.58% 7.26% 13.98% The financial sector of Bangladesh is characterized by strong presence of commercial banks, especially state-owned ones. Most of the available funds are bagged by the banks in the form of deposits and channeled for investment through lending. However, they have a substantial bad loan portfolio. Especially Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), receiving the largest pool of funds from general depositors, are suffering from the problem, which has taken a deep root. The dominance of banks, with their huge bad loan portfolios and non-transferability of most of the debt/savings instruments are regarded as the prime hindrance in the development of a debt market per se. Lack of institutions with expertise in debt products, not so high credibility of the corporate borrowers, and absence of any credit rating agency, have been discouraging factors. It is our view at AIMS that the spectrum of financial products available in the developed market could be tailored to match the local need and conditionalities, given the right approach and an enabling environment. On the government side, ever-increasing budget deficit is forcing heavy borrowings from the general...
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...BPL, BANGLA CAT, HOSAF Group. Private companies have limited capital also gas the companies have to import oil and coal from foreign country. Shortage of the raw material is not only threat of this industry, many company use second hand machines for production due to this action OTOBI had to pay the penalty of 84 cores Taka recently. This limited amount gas will run out eventually it is used as fuel for electricity generation and commercial energy of the country. The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) has taken initiative to set up power plants so that the country has sufficient electricity within 2016. A number of fiscal incentives are provided to the private power companies. * release to pay tax for upcoming 15 years * are allowed to import plant and equipment and spare parts up to a maximum of ten percent (10%) of the original value of total plant and equipment within a period of twelve (12) years of commercial operation without payment of customs duties, VAT and any other surcharges * allowed to joint ventures with foreign investors * sector’s equity is repatriate along with the profits are divided as owners will * The foreign investors are provided with a large number of facilities and incentives. Baraka Power Limited (BPL), the nation’s first ever private power sector company endeavored by the NRBs. The Inception of BPL at June 26 of 2007 as private limited was transfigured into public limited company by the issuance of IPO at DSE in September 25,...
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...Income Tax Rebates For Resident Individual With Chargeable Income Less Than RM35,000 |No. |Tax Rebate |Year Of Assessment |Year Of Assessment | | | |2001 - 2008 |2009 Onwards | | | |(RM) |(RM) | |a |Separate Assessment |- |- | | |Wife |350 |400 | | |Husband |350 |400 | |b |Combined Assessment |- |- | | |Wife |350 |400 | | |Husband |350 |400 ...
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