...Cause and Effect Essay - Cause of Low Standard of Education in the Philippines Education is a privilege that most Filipinos have. Being able to attend a prestigious school can be beneficial for our future. It can have many different implications in our lives, especially when we are looking for a job. Most of the time, companies look for graduate students who have degrees in specific areas to work for them. But there are times wherein some Filipinos cannot find a good job because they do not have college degrees. Bearing this in mind, this essay will explain further the causes of low standard of education in the Philippines, which are due to child labor, lack of teachers, and the poor allocation of the government to educational funds. The first reason why the standard of education in the Philippines is low is because of child labor. It was found in previous studies that around sixteen percent of children ages five to seventeen are already working (“Child Labor in the Philippines”). Children are forced by their parents to work at a very young age without thinking twice if this may affect the future of their children. They tend to force their children to work just to earn money and to be able to buy their necessities. According to the article “Child Labor in the Philippines”, most children are working in various sectors and occupations. This includes working in plantations or working as a domestic servant. As a result, children spend most of their time earning a living instead...
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...Thus the laws of conservation of mass , energy and momentum seem to be violated. The key premise of the causal closure argument against interactive dualism is the principle which requires every physical effect of a mental cause to have a sufficient physical cause.P 13 Substance dualism E.J. Lowe. Is there a way of reconciling interventions on the part of the mind with the laws of physics and casual closure specifically? A way to adress the above objection is to postulate that the mind-body interaction is only probabilistic. This is where quantum physics enters the picture.v3. William G.Lycan, Giving dualism its due. Given quantum indeterminism, it is open to the dualist to deny that all physical effects have sufficient physical causes. (as...
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...59719_appendix04.qxd 20/8/05 16:16 Page 1 CHAPTER 4 APPENDIX 4–3 Static Effects of a Customs Union on World’s Welfare In Figure A4-3.1 assume that Sa and Da are the internal supply and demand curves in country A for a given product. Sb and Sc are the exportsupply curves of countries B and C to country A, with C being a more efficient producer than B. Sbt and Sct are the same two supply curves subject to a 100 percent tariff imposed by country A. Curve St indicates total supply of the commodity in country A (Sa Sbt Sct). Price P1 is established. Country A produces Qa domestically and imports Qb and Qc from countries B and C, respectively. When countries A and B form a customs union to the exclusion of C, the relevant supply curve in country B becomes Sb, while Sct remains in effect in country C.2 Total supply in country A’s market becomes Scu, consisting of Sa Sb Sct. The price in country A drops to P2; domestic supply declines to Qa1; imports from country B rise to Qb1; and imports from country C diminish to Qc1. These changes can be quantified in terms of their effect on producers’ surpluses in all three countries, and on consumers’ surpluses and government tariff revenue of country A. The following observations relate to each panel of the diagram: (a) Country A enjoys an increase of consumers’ surpluses of BAP1P2 and suffers a reduction of producers’ surpluses amounting to BAYZ. There is a gain of ZYP1P2. (b) Country B enjoys a gain in producers’ surplus of HGCD...
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...Quality Management Systems Introduction An organisation will benefit from establishing an effective quality management system (QMS). The cornerstone of a quality organisation is the concept of the customer and supplier working together for their mutual benefit. For this to become effective, the customer-supplier interfaces must extend into, and outside of, the organisation, beyond the immediate customers and suppliers. A QMS can be defined as: “A set of co-ordinated activities to direct and control an organisation in order to continually improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its performance.” These activities interact and are affected by being in the system, so the isolation and study of each one in detail will not necessarily lead to an understanding of the system as a whole. The main thrust of a QMS is in defining the processes, which will result in the production of quality products and services, rather than in detecting defective products or services after they have been produced. The benefits of a QMS A fully documented QMS will ensure that two important requirements are met: • The customers’ requirements – confidence in the ability of the organisation to deliver the desired product and service consistently meeting their needs and expectations. • The organisation’s requirements – both internally and externally, and at an optimum cost with efficient use of the available resources – materials, human, technology and information. These requirements can only be truly met...
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...IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT: AN INTERNAL MARKETING PERSPECTIVE Principal Author Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood Department of Management Sciences BahriaUniversity, Naval Complex, Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan Cell: +92-300-5301240 Office: +92-51-9260002 Ext. 260 zahid@bahria.edu.pk Biographical Note: Dr. Zahid Mahmood is a Professor of Total Quality Management at Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. He has published numerous articles and books. His papers have received world wide acclamation. He holds M.Com from the University of Punjab, Pakistan, MBA from the University of Wollongong NSW and PhD from University of Western Sydney Australia. Corresponding Author & Co-Author Sobia Mahmood PhD Scholar & Research Asistant Department of Management Sciences BahriaUniversity, Naval Complex, Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan Cell: 0321-5342940 Office: +92-51-9260002 Ext. 260 sobia.mahmood1@gmail.com; sobia.mahmood@bahria .edu.pk Biographical Note: Sobia Mahmood is a Research Assistant & Visiting Faculty at Bahria University, Pakistan. At present, she is a PhD scholar at Bahria University, Pakistan. She has published numerous articles on Management. She holds MBA from University of Arid Agriculture, Pakistan, MEd & BEd from Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan and MS from SZABIST, Pakistan. Co-Author Muhammad Ayub Siddiqui PhD Scholar & Asistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences BahriaUniversity, Naval Complex...
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...Table of Contents Section 1. Introduction 1.1 Profile 1.2 Vision 1.3 Mission 1.4 Core Values Section 2. Organizational Profile 2.1 Core Bureaus 2.2 Services 2.3 Regional Operations 2.4 Management Responsibilities 2.5 Organizational Structure as whole and per department Section 3. Journey Milestone Section 4. Application and Scope 4.1 Application 4.2 Scope of the Quality Management System Section 5. The Quality Management System 5.1 QMS Mandate 5.2 Description of QMS 5.3 Process Model Section 6. Quality Policy Section 7. Measurement, Analysis and Improvement 7.1 General 7.2 Monitoring and Measurement 7.2.1 General 7.2.2 Customer Satisfaction 7.2.3 Internal Audit 7.2.4 Monitoring and Measurement of Processes 7.2.5 Monitoring and Measurement of Product 7.3 Control of Non-Conformin Products 7.4 Analysis of Data 7.5 Improvement 7.5.1 Continual Improvement 7.5.2 Corrective Action 7.5.3 Preventive Action Section 8. Procedures 8.1 Control of Documents, DPWH-QMSP-01 8.2 Internal Quality Audit, DPWH-QMSP-03 8.3 Corrective Action, DPWH-QMSP-05 8.4 Preventive Action, DPWH-QMSP-06 Section 9. Appendices I. INTRODUCTION PROFILE The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is the state’s engineering and construction arm. As a public service agency, its primordial concern is to find the most effective and efficient ways to service its clientele- the Filipino people. The DPWH is one of the largest organizations in the executive branch in terms of size and budget. It is composed...
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...Decision Sciences Volume 38 Number 1 February 2007 Journal compilation C C 2007, The Author 2007, Decision Sciences Institute Decision Sciences Research in China: Current Status, Opportunities, and Propositions for Research in Supply Chain Management, Logistics, and Quality Management∗ Xiande Zhao Department of Decision Sciences and Managerial Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantin, NT Hong Kong, e-mail: Xiande@baf.msmail.cuhk.edu.hk Barbara B. Flynn† Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, 801 W. Michigan St., BS 4010, Indianapolis, IN 46033, e-mail: bbflynn@iupui.edu Aleda V. Roth Department of Management, College of Business and Behavioral Sciences, Clemson University, 343A Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, e-mail: aroth@clemson.edu ABSTRACT As China becomes increasingly important to the global economy, it is critical to conduct high-quality research on important decision sciences issues there. This article provides an extensive review and critique of the extant China-based literature on supply chain management, logistics, and quality management, based on the foundation established by Zhao, Flynn, and Roth (2006). In general, decision sciences research in China is in its infancy. Although there have been some very interesting and well-executed articles, the majority are descriptive and focus on status updates. We provide a set of propositions to guide future research in logistics, supply chain management, and quality management in...
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...the SC2 subcommittee that takes care of Quality systems. The current version of ISO 9001:2008 is the fourth edition. ISO 9001 is a set of standards that define the processes that go into making and operating a successful quality management system that is universal in nature. They can be applied to any organization in any sector. To adopt and run a quality management system is an organization’s strategic decision. It is based on the 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The environment and changes happening Needs of the organization Objectives of the organization Products Processes Size and nature of the organization. Process approach The standards go beyond just uniform documentation. They involve a deep rooted alignment of the organization towards operating a QMS that is universal in nature. In order to do this effectively, ISO 9001 uses a process approach. There are several functions in an organization and these are all inter-related and linked. These functions use resources and transform inputs into the required outputs using processes. Process approach uses a set of processes to manage and control these functions and their linkages to produce an outcome that leads to satisfaction of the customers’ needs. A...
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...| | | SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Name: Kerry Laird Submission Date: 10th March 2014 Lecturer: Paul Tracey | | | | Table of Content Item Page Introduction 2 What is ISO 9001 - Quality management system........................................2 ISO 9001:2008…………………………………………….........................2 The Concept of Quality Management……………..…………………...….3 The major clauses and sub-clause are:…....………….…………………....4 Quality Management Principles:…………………………………………..5 Audits, reviews and assessments…………………………………………..6 Single-Loop Learning Model……………………………………………...6 Double-Loop Leaning Model………………………………………….......7 References………………………………………………………………....8 Appendix…………………………………………………………………..8 Assess how a quality management system standard is supposed to work to aid the relationship or relationships between a buying organisation and its supplying organisations. Introduction Any organisation can benefit from implementing an effective quality management system. The foundation of a quality organisation is the concept of the customer and supplier working together for their own benefit of receiving the end product in the way in which they want the product to be. For this to be effective, the customer-supplier interfaces must extend internally and externally in the organisation. What is ISO 9001 - Quality management system? The ISO 9001 addresses certain aspects of quality management...
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...mininmum wage. According to McKenzie and Lee (2010) minimum wages imposed at the state and federal level are examples of price floors; a price (or wage) below which a specified good (labor) cannot be sold. If congress imposes a binding minimum wage that is above the equilibrium it creates a surplus of workers. A minimum wage above the equilibrium (Ec) shifts the demand curve (demand for employment) to the left represented by Em. The effects of a binding minimum wage can be both positive and negative. Workers that already employed will receive the benefits of a hirer rate of pay. On the other hand, this creates a surplus of workers who have entered the market because of the higher opportunity cost. There is a chance that those workers in the market at the present time could be replaced by those with a higher opportunity cost (Em2). The impact of mandating minimum wages depends on the firms ability to adjust nonmoney conditions at work, or fringe benefits. Typically, the firm will reduce fringe benefits or increase work demands to offset the effects of a binding minimum wage. Workers may choose to leave the market if the value of the loss of fringe benefits and greater work demands exceeds the higher rate in pay. That being said, the impact of a binding minimum wage can make both the workers and the employers worse off. Monopsony and Minimum Wages. Em2 Em2 Surplus of workers Surplus of workers 2. Can ‘twisiting’ the pay structure at a firm (paying wages below...
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...online appendix a to chapter 9 Tariff Analysis in General Equilibrium Chapter 9 takes a partial equilibrium approach to the analysis of trade policy. That is, it focuses on the effects of tariffs, quotas, and other policies in a single market without explicitly considering the consequences for other markets. This partial equilibrium approach usually is adequate, and it is much simpler than a full general equilibrium treatment that takes cross-market effects into account. Nonetheless, it is sometimes important to do the general equilibrium analysis. In Chapter 6 we presented a brief discussion of the effects of tariffs in general equilibrium. This appendix presents a more detailed analysis. The analysis proceeds in two stages. First, we analyze the effects of a tariff in a small country, one that cannot affect its terms of trade; then we analyze the case of a large country. A Tariff in a Small Country Imagine a country that produces and consumes two goods, manufactures and food. The country is small, unable to affect its terms of trade; we will assume that it exports manufactures and imports food. Thus the country sells its manufactures to the world market at a given world price P * and buys food at a given world price P * . M F Figure 1 illustrates the position of this country in the absence of a tariff. The economy produces at the point on its production possibility frontier that is tangent to a line with slope -P * >P * , indicated by Q 1. This line also defines the...
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...www.cambridge.org/micro4mbas McKENZIE: MICROECONOMICS FOR MBAS PPC CMYBLK ................................................................................................................ 10 Monopoly power and firm pricing decisions If monopoly persists, monopoly will always sit at the helm of government … its bigness is an unwholesome inflation created by privileges and exemptions which it ought not to enjoy. If there are men in this country big enough to own the government of the United States, they are going to own it. Woodrow Wilson That competition is a virtue, at least as far as enterprises are concerned, has been a basic article of faith in the American Tradition, and a vigorous antitrust policy has long been regarded as both beneficial and necessary, not only to extend competitive forces into new regions but also to preserve them where they may be flourishing at the moment. G. Warren Nutter and Henry Alder Einhorn t the bottom of almost all arguments against the free market is a deep-seated concern about the distorting (some would say corrupting) influence of monopolies. People who are suspicious of the free market fear that too many producers are unchecked by the forces of competition, but instead hold considerable monopoly power or control over market outcomes. Unless the government intervenes, these firms are likely to exploit their power for their own selfish benefit. This theme has been fundamental to the writings of economist John Kenneth Galbraith: The...
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...quite late as compared to Quaker’s inception. With its marketing strategies Pennzoil was able to capture the lube market and reached on number fourth position in market share. After their merger a subsidiary of the PQS named Jiffy Lube became the world’s largest quick lube operator and franchisor. Through its marketing campaign PQS was able to penetrate in the market and gain market share even though big competitors like Petro Canada, Imperial Oil, Moto master and Havoline were in the same business. Problem Statement After reviewing the case, it is observed that the major challenge which the company needs to address is whether Pennzoil-Quaker State (PQS) implement One to One Promotional program introduced by Quality Marketing Solutions (QMS) or not. Analysis Canadian car market was involved in the dilemma that as the technology has advanced there would be less frequent visit for Lube, Oil and filter (LOF) change. The requirement for the LOF change was three times a year recommended by the manufacturers but in reality the vehicle owners were stretching the time period to 2.2 times per year. With the advancement in technology the oil category was divided into three different segments including base oil, semi synthetic and full synthetic creating more complexity and Stock keeping units (SKUs). These lubricants were distributed to retailers and from them to final consumers. The LOF market was further divided into two...
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...in their effort to implement a QMS system. They have had good financial results. Their people/staff satisfaction is high. Their customer satisfaction index high and are termed “loyal”. What really happened was that they had not implemented TQM correctly. In their attempt to focus on the customer they had neglected their staff. During Project Sovereign BT lost 130 000 staff members. This may have been because the strategy and vision was not shared with all the staff. The outcome was however that they probably lost many good people. The main component that was missing from their TQM implementation was Systems Thinking. They did not implement a system that allowed issues which required improvement to become new projects. Thus even though they claimed they were continuously improving, there were very few new initiatives. Prepared by: Deon du Plessis Page 2 of 19 Created on 04/04/15 Individual Examination: British Telecom Individual Examination: British Telecom The solution will be to become a true BSPM learning organisation. This will involve some more changes to the structure where the continuous improvement projects will be programme managed across the value chain. 2 Question1: What role has the Quality Management system and the ISO 9001 standard played in BT’s total quality journey? If one looks at the ideal QMS system as portrayed in Figure 4 then one will see that BT have implemented major parts of the QMS system from the time that they decided...
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...thermostability. Free energy calculations based on the molecular dynamics simulation predict the thermostability of D271A, D271L, and E305A (compared to WT) in line with the experimental observation but overestimate the thermostability of E305L. Quantum mechanical calculations suggest that the carboxyl−peptide plane stacking interactions occurring to E305 but not D271 are important for the carboxyl group stabilization. For the protonated carboxyl group, the interaction energy can be as much as about −4 kcal/mol for parallel stacking and about −7 kcal/mol for T-shaped stacking. For the deprotonated carboxyl group, the largest interaction energies for parallel stacking and T-shaped stacking are comparable, about −7 kcal/mol. The solvation effect generally weakens the interaction, especially for the charged system. A search of the carboxyl−peptide plane stacking in the PDB databank indicates that parallel stacking but not T-shaped stacking is quite common, and the most probable distance between the two stacking fragments is close to the value predicted...
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