...companies. Moreover, the Chinese cultural background and preferences are identified as playing an important role in the willingness to buy (WTB) and shopping habits which prompts for a more adaptive approach of marketing. Introduction In the past decade, China has seen a lot of both positive and negative factors influence its food consumption and its society as a whole. Three main socio-economic factors are identified by the previous literature. Urbanization has been growing fast, more than 50% of the population lived in urban areas and it is expected to reach 75% by 2035. Moreover, the average income has been continuously rising and contributes to the growth of the middle upper class granting an easier access to goods. Finally, the demand or the need for imported goods rocketed, fueled by the recurring food scandals. (Gale, Hansen, Jewison, 2014) This evolution largely contributed in turning the Chinese food market, now the largest in the world, into a very attractive potential market for foreign companies, however, this paper will show that, despite useful, these information are highly insufficient to establish an efficient and adapted marketing strategy in China. It is essential to understand the decision process involved in consumption and shopping behavior in order to best compete in the market place (Brennan, 2015) thanks to an adapted and comprehensive marketing strategy....
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...development of a national market economy, the Chinese aviation industry is now confronted with international competition. Therefore, it is necessary to research the competitive status of Chinese national aviation, as well as advice on how to enhance the competitiveness of the Chinese aviation industry. The main objective of this paper is to propose FAHP as an effective solution for resolving the uncertainty and imprecision in the evaluation of airlines’ competitiveness. In this paper, we review the research of industrial international aviation competitiveness at both home and abroad, discuss a theoretical framework for the study of aviation competitiveness, establish an index system with 5 first-order indicators and 17 second-order indicators, set up a Chinese aviation competitiveness model based on simple fuzzy numbers from the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, and evaluate the competitiveness of 5 major Chinese airlines. The results show that this model and these indicators are scientific and practical, with a wide range of application prospects for the purpose of improving and increasing Chinese airline competitiveness in the international market. The effective approach presented in this paper is especially applicable when subjective judgments on performance ratings and attribute weights are not accessible or reliable, or when suitable decision makers are not available. Keywords: aviation competitiveness; simple fuzzy numbers; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ______________...
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...Science vs. Art Marketing Similarities and Differences of Analytics and Creativity in Marketing A common misconception about marketing amongst those who are unfamiliar with the field is that marketing is simplistic and its value not as necessary as “hard skill” fields such as finance and accounting. However marketing is the key to optimum success in that a carefully concocted balance between creativity and analytics are necessary for brand recognition and profit. It involves science marketing, which involves predominantly market research, focus group studies, and data analysis, along with art marketing, focusing on creative strategy and branding. Although it may appear these focal areas of marketing are from opposite ends of the spectrum, they share several similarities and depend on each other to thrive. According to BusinessDictionary.com, scientific marketing is the “application of analytical testing and statistical methods in gathering and interpreting market information”. It is the understanding of society’s demand through predominantly scientific testing and reasoning. Scientific marketing requires fluency in statistics and figuring out consumer behavior through demographics and numbers derived from data mining from digital outlets and marketing information systems, focus groups, referring to rivals, experimental research, and tapping into marketing partner expertise. The market research process involves defining the problem and researching objectives, developing...
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...Factors Affecting Initial Trust in C2C E-Commerce and Strategies of Building Initial Trust in China Huamei Sun Factors Affecting Initial Trust in C2C E-Commerce and Strategies of Building Initial Trust in China Huamei Sun School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China E-mail:shm9166@sina.com Abstract The study of initial trust is very important to the development of e-commerce. On the basis of current status of China’s C2C e-commerce, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the consumers’ initial trust. At last, the paper provides some valuable marketing strategies as to how to build the initial trust so as to facilitate the success of online transactions. The research conducted by this paper will help enterprise enhance their competitive advantage and contribute to the development of e-commerce. Keywords: Initial Trust, C2C E-Commerce, Online Shopping 1. Introduction The study of the trust in the e-commerce environment has long been mostly focusing on the B2C Model, yet with the development of the information technology, the online C2C business has accounted for more than 75% of the online shopping turnover, which has influenced people’s work environment greatly and become an important part in the daily life of consumers in the information society. Under the C2C e-commerce environment characterized by the person-to-person transactions, it’s difficult for the buyer and seller to build a high degree...
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...Change Jointly Issued by Ministry of Science and Technology National Development and Reform Commission Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Agriculture State Environmental Protection Administration State Forestry Administration Chinese Academy of Sciences China Meteorology Administration National Natural Science Foundation State Oceanic Administration China Association for Science and Technology June, 2007 Contents I. Current Status of Climate Change and Urgent Demands for S&T............................................... 1 1. Climate change is an increasingly prominent issue that brings about profound impacts on human societies ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. An appropriate response to climate change would be very much related to China’s economic and social development ............................................................................................ 1 3. Addressing climate change calls for urgent S&T activities .................................................. 1 II. China’s S&T Achievements in Climate Change ......................................................................... 2 1. Scientific research and technological development .............................................................. 2 2. Infrastructure buildup for Scientific Research .........................................
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...College ranking and student sorting: Evidence from China Zhigang Li a Chao Wang b School of Economics the University of Hong Kong Abstract China has over 1,000 universities, admitting around 7 million students yearly. Providing information on the school quality may elevate the sorting of students and improve the quality of human capital. In this study, we exploit publicly available university rankings in China and school-major level admission score data to estimate the sorting effect of information provision on school quality. We find evidence that the public ranking of universities significantly affects the decision of students and the outcome of university-student sorting. a b Corresponding author Tel.: +852-9722-3859 E-mail address: zli.economics@gmail.com Corresponding author Tel.: +1-917-9753195 E-mail address: cw1379@nyu.edu Catalogue 1. 2. Introduction.........................................................................................................................3 Admission System in China................................................................................................4 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 3. An Introduction to the Admission System in China................................................... 4 Impacts of the Admission System in China ............................................................... 4 Admission System in China and Representative Anglophone Countries .................. 5 Estimation Method ..................................
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...6th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies Using PEST Analysis as a Tool for Refining and Focusing Contexts for Information Systems Research Guo Chao Alex Peng, Miguel Baptista Nunes Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield, S1 4DP, UK lip05gcp@sheffield.ac.uk, j.m.nunes@sheffield.ac.uk Abstract It is common for inexperienced researchers and research students to aim at investigating very wide contexts such as countries (e.g. China, India, UK), regions (e.g. the Arab Countries) or even continents (e.g. Africa). Such studies in Information Systems (IS) are not only unrealistic and potentially unfeasible, but may result in findings that are neither significant nor meaningful. Research supervisors often face difficulties in explaining and resolving these common pitfalls in research proposals. This paper proposes the use of Political, Economic, Social and Technological (PEST, also often referred to as STEP) analysis as a tool to identify narrower contexts and focus research questions around feasible and meaningful regional contexts. It illustrates this process with the results of an analysis carried out as part of an ongoing PhD research project. The project aims to investigate the barriers and risks associated with the post-implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in Chinese companies. PEST analysis was used to define an appropriate region in China (i.e. Guangdong), as well...
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...PAN Yue-hong4 1 2 3 4 School of Economics & Management, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 100021, P.R. China Sino-US Center for Conservation, Energy and Sustainability Science in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010021, P.R. China School of Life Science & Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China Abstract Dairy industry has become an increasingly important enterprise in China as people’s dietary preferences and composition have changed dramatically with rapid economic development in the past several decades. A number of problems, however, exist in China’s relatively young dairy industry, including the imbalanced allocation of profits throughout the dairy supply chain. One of the root causes of the melamine infant powered milk scandal in 2008 was the unfair profit allocation mechanism in dairy supply chain. The revenue sharing contract approach has proven to be effective in generating market shares and total profits. In this study, we apply the three-stage revenue sharing contract model of Giannoccaro and Pontrandolfo (2004) in an analysis of dairy supply chain to explore its problems in profit allocation and possible solutions to them. The analysis was conducted by a case study of Hohhot, often called as “Milk capital of China”. Our results show that the current profit distribution in the dairy supply chain is not balanced: the supermarket’s...
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...or personal the ability to have information to make a decision is important. Hypothesis testing is essential in testing both the business and science to see staffs and if the decisions managers are making is working. The research issue is has the United States lost the competitive edge in the global market. Developing proxies to measure the total real of interaction between the United States in capital, product and labor market ranges. We took it upon ourselves to develop both hypothesis which see if there was a decline in this over the last few years and the comparison between other countries. The table below provides a summary of the variables of the countries deemed the most powerful in the world. The research is empirical in nature and this characteristic is objective, but in order to create the hypothesis to consider if the United states has lost its competitive edge its importing to consider the following Hypothesis HI: That the United States has not been able to compete in the manufacturing market with a competitive edge. H2: The United States has lost its competitive edge in the global market largely due to the lack of academic preparation of well trained personal in mathematics, and science. |Country N Transparency Financial Governance | | |Mean – Median |Mean - Median |Mean - Median | | |China 17 |5.5 - 6 |4.1 - ...
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...Bachelor of Science in Business Administration -Majors in Finance engineering -• Cumulative GPA: 3.70/4.00; Finance GPA: 3.67/4.00; International Business GPA: 3.78/4.00 • Honors College Program • Academic Scholarship Program • Dean'?s List, five consecutive semesters - Washington University in St.Louis. Olin Bussiness School January 2015–?May 2015 • Participated in study abroad program focusing on finance and international business. - Shanghai Jiao Tong University 07/2013-08/2013 • Participate in a summer exchange program focusing on Asian study. - Taipei National Chiao Tung University 07/2014-08/2014 • Participate in a summer exchange program focusing on communication system - EXPERIENCE University of Macau, Finance Department Macau, China April 2014-December 2012 Research Program: Systematic Liquidity and Funding Liquidity Research Assistance -• Gained insight into the companies which invested in mainland china. • Deeply analyzed these firms'? financial position to mainland china, and built analytical models in Excel to predict future investment of these firms. • Responded to the professor'?s requests for research or data analysis in a prompt manner - University of Macau, Pear Jeal College Macau, China March 2013- January 2014 Office Bursarries -• Deepened knowledge of a set of energy firms in the United Kingdom through research on earnings announcements and quarterly and annual financial statements • Supplemented research and improved...
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...strategies in China-based enterprises David J. Robb *, Bin Xie Department of Management Science and Information Systems, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China Received 13 December 1999; accepted 7 September 2000 Abstract We present the results of a 1997 study exploring the manufacturing strategy of 46 plants (foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) and wholly Chinese-owned enterprises (WCOEs)) located primarily in the Beijing}Tianjin area. Semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire in English and Chinese were employed to: (i) identify current activity (practices and emphases) and future trends in manufacturing, (ii) compare and contrast FIEs and WCOEs, and (iii) identify how practices correspond with performance on various competitive objectives and overall performance. Fundamental di!erences were found between FIEs and WCOEs both in terms of practice and priorities (the former emphasizing 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. competition on time/delivery, and the latter various aspects of quality). Keywords: Operations strategy; Production management; Delivery performance; Empirical research; Cross-cultural adaptation 1. Introduction Following calls for more `groundinga to undergird and advance the "eld of Operations Strategy (e.g., [1]), a stream of empirical research into manufacturing...
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...December, 2008 An Analysis of Business Challenges Faced by Foreign Multinationals Operating the Chinese Market Jianlian Wu International Management, University of Nottingham Ningbo 315100, China E-Mail: zlixcwj1@nottingham.edu.cn, qqnamei@163.com Abstract China’s rapid economic growth has presented numerous opportunities and challenges for foreign firms there. Many large corporations have established a China centre to coordinate and control their operations in the country. As firms have increased their presence in China, their concerns are increasingly focused on implementing successful management practices and strategies. This article describes the challenges and difficulties that multinational companies faced in Chinese market. It analyses roles played by the human resource function in these China, culture differences, social environment and other factors. Keywords: Challenge, Multinationals, Chinese market 1. Introduction Over the last few decades, the process of globalization has created unprecedented opportunities for global business investment and trade. Many multinational companies are attempting to expand their business international by many entry strategies such as joint venture and subsidiary. While China, with over 1.3 billion population and 9.6 million square kilometers (China Popin, 2008) has become a valuable land for foreign multinational companies. They try to enter the Chinese market by using many different strategies. For example, Siemens set up its representative...
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...December, 2008 An Analysis of Business Challenges Faced by Foreign Multinationals Operating the Chinese Market Jianlian Wu International Management, University of Nottingham Ningbo 315100, China E-Mail: zlixcwj1@nottingham.edu.cn, qqnamei@163.com Abstract China’s rapid economic growth has presented numerous opportunities and challenges for foreign firms there. Many large corporations have established a China centre to coordinate and control their operations in the country. As firms have increased their presence in China, their concerns are increasingly focused on implementing successful management practices and strategies. This article describes the challenges and difficulties that multinational companies faced in Chinese market. It analyses roles played by the human resource function in these China, culture differences, social environment and other factors. Keywords: Challenge, Multinationals, Chinese market 1. Introduction Over the last few decades, the process of globalization has created unprecedented opportunities for global business investment and trade. Many multinational companies are attempting to expand their business international by many entry strategies such as joint venture and subsidiary. While China, with over 1.3 billion population and 9.6 million square kilometers (China Popin, 2008) has become a valuable land for foreign multinational companies. They try to enter the Chinese market by using many different strategies. For example, Siemens set up its representative...
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...Review 5:1 75–89 doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8784.2008.00137.x The Future of Chinese Management Research: Rigour and Relevance Redux Mary Ann Von Glinow1 and Mary B. Teagarden2 1 Florida International University, USA, and 2Thunderbird School of Global Management, USA ABSTRACT We use the parable of the blind men and the elephant to suggest that Barney and Zhang (2009) and Whetten (2009) analogously touch on only a part of the Chinese management research puzzle. Their analyses remind us of many attempts at anchoring the research purpose – etic versus emic approaches, exploration versus exploitation approaches, rigor versus relevance scenarios – touched on by the many commentators in this issue. We suggest researchers first answer the ‘purpose’ questions before embarking on the research design. The research design should fit the purpose of the knowledge, which is either to improve the performance of Chinese organizations (meeting the relevance criterion) or to replicate, extend or refine a theory developed in the US (meeting the rigour criterion). We believe the strength of applied management research allows us to create knowledge that can meet the criteria of both rigour and relevance. We support the use of academic international research teams and dialectic debate as tools to move the field of Chinese management research forward. KEYWORDS context, polycontextuality, relevance, research team, rigour It was six men of Indostan To learning much inclined, Who went to see the...
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... Since 1978, China has seen a sustainable rapid growth in its economy. China’s real GDP has already surpassed 7 trillion US dollars in 2011 in current dollars, and it has replaced Japan as the world’s second largest economy. People in China also have significant improvements in their standards of living and material life. However, my findings contradict the notion that an increase in income and standard of living will gain people happiness. My major findings show that income inequality and other major social problems, such as lack of religious belief and faith, political problems, and family burden have contributed to the decline of happiness among Chinese people. Other negative feelings emerging with the rapid economic growth, such as greed, interpersonal distrust and less compassion show adverse effects on Chinese happiness. I conclude the research by suggesting possible future researches for further studies. 1. Introduction After the Cultural Revolution ended in 1978, China launched a comprehensive reformation in its state controlled economy under the new leadership, Mr. Deng Xiaoping. Since then, China has gradually opened its door to the world and begun its transition into a market economy. (Chai, 1997) Over the past thirty years, China had the most enduring and rapid economic growth in the human history. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, China’s average GDP growth is nearly 10 percent for the past 30 year. (FRED, 2013) In urban China, the average disposable...
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