...Segovia 11/30/2015 ENG 1302 Dr. Cunningham Taking Control of Air Pollution in Mexico City In 1992, the United Nations described Mexico City’s air as the most polluted on the planet. Six years later, that air earned Mexico the reputation of “the most dangerous city in the world for children” — a reputation Mexico has been working hard to improve. But despite more than a decade of stringent pollution control measures, a haze hangs over the city most days, obscuring the surrounding snow-capped mountains and endangering the health of its inhabitants. Many factors have contributed to this situation: industrial growth, a population boom (from three million in 1950 to some 20 million today), and the proliferation of vehicles. More than 3.5 million vehicles — 30% of them more than 20 years old — now ply the city streets. Geography conspires with human activity to produce a poisonous scenario. Located in the crater of an extinct volcano, Mexico City is about 2,240 meters above sea level. The lower atmospheric oxygen levels at this altitude cause incomplete fuel combustion in engines and higher emissions of carbon monoxide and other compounds. Intense sunlight turns these into higher than normal smog levels. In turn, the smog prevents the sun from heating the atmosphere enough to penetrate the inversion layer blanketing the city. Because of this and the extreme number of vehicles on the road Mexico City implemented “Hoy No Circula”. Hoy no Circula was started in late 1989, and consisted...
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...Poor people of Mexico spend their days trying to survive, searching for food, while the upper class have people making their food for them. Mexico became independent in 1810 but the church and Spanish Nationals owned most of the land. In 1840 the president of Mexico, Benito Juarez granted land to people living on it. By the 1960s, Mexico City was rapidly industrializing creating factories and jobs. When it comes to the topic of spatial inequality in Mexico City, most will agree it exists because of the city's rapid expansion. Urbanization has increased at a rapid rate because of the many people who have moved to the capital due to rural decline. Rural decline is one of the reasons spatial inequality exists. Not much land is suitable...
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...marketing plan on water filtration systems in Mexico City, Mexico. I have spent some time in Mexico and believe that this is something they need dearly. While bottled water is available for purchase at any given store, I believe that a market exists for filtration systems that are installed directly within the home. Water filtration systems provide a wide scope of market coverage for different customer segments. High-end customer segments may want hardwired systems installed, while low-end customer segments may want filters that attach to faucets. I also believe that the individual house hold is an underserved or untapped market. Water is something that we use every day and the importance of clean drinking water is something that extends to every customer base. In resort towns like Cancun, people come from all over the world and are not accustom to the water quality in Mexico. Resorts already understand the importance of clean drinking water. We intend to branch out into the market of Mexico City, Mexico. Mexico is located directly south of the United States on the North American continent. The country of Mexico has numerous ports on both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Some of the largest ports are Altamira (Atlantic), Lazaro Cardenas, and Manzanillo (Pacific). The current population of Mexico is estimated at 123,799,215 as of July 1, 2014. Since 1955 the population growth has ranged anywhere from 1.20% to 3.28%. The population growth trend has been steadily declining...
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...Poverty in Mexico Mexican poverty dates back to early 1700s, but has witnessed major changes in which around 65% of citizens were in extreme poverty in the 1950s (Luna). Then, the number of Mexicans living below the poverty line increased following the 1980s economic crisis and the same effect occurred after the 1995 crisis. Ultimately, the second catastrophe brought 35% of the population under the extreme poverty line. Since then, the economy has been recovering, slowly salvaging the people (Berrebi). However, the global financial crisis and the commotion with the drug cartels recently brought a rise to increased poverty once again. As a result, the country responded with improved social assistance programs directed at helping the poorest...
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...Over the last few decades, research has shown a clear connection between the ideals of neoliberalism and social inequality. According to A Brief History of Neoliberalism, neoliberalism is defined as a theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well-being can best be advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterized by strong property rights, free markets, and free trade. Beginning in the 1970s and 1980s as political philosophy rooted in classical liberalism with a focus on free markets and economic growth, the definition of neoliberalism has changed quite a bit over the last few decades. The evolutionary dynamic of neoliberaliztion has been such as to force adaptations that have varied greatly from place to place as well as over time. Any attempt to piece together a picture of what a typical neoliberal state looks like today would prove to be a difficult task. The somewhat chaotic evolution and uneven geographical development of state institutions, powers, and functions over the last thirty years suggests that the neoliberal state may be an unstable contradictory political form. The effects of this economic philosophy are especially obvious in Latin America, where many nations faced debt crises directly related to neoliberalism. The overall result was an awkward mix of low growth and increasing income inequality. In Latin America, where the first wave of forced neoliberalization struck in...
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...disorder in a given year. When applied to the 2004 U.S. Census residential population estimate for ages 18 and older, this figure translates to 57.7 million people” (thekimfoundation.org). Many times these people see no end in sight causing them to become destructive and violent towards family, friends, and others...
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...Course Date International Marketing Opportunities Many water issues characterize Mexico. Essentially, its tap water is often seen as impure. A large number of the population and tourists are not satisfied with the quality of water in the country. In this regard, it is imperative that more people invest in water filtration systems to ensure that the consume water that is safe (Aldolfo and Guierrez 57). A bottle filtration system will prove beneficial for the population. Water supplies in Mexico have many impurities. This is more than just hidden sediments. They also contain harmful bacteria and other impurities that can have negative effects in a person’s health when the water is consumed. It is dangerous to consume water that is not safe for human consumption. Many sources of water in Mexico, especially tap water, are characterized by impurities that are harmful for human consumption. Testing is often done for water supplied in cities and other localities. This is not the case for water in Mexico. In this regard, a water filtration system will go a long way in ensuring that the population has safe water for consumption (Guasch 104). A bottle filtration system is designed to deal with sediments, smell, taste, and appearance of water. ` This essay will detail a SWOT analysis for is Brita Water system. This analysis will show the advantages and issues that the company will face in Mexico in regards to manufacturing and selling the water filtration system. The filtered bottle...
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...General History of Mexico Mexico foundation starts in the year 900 B.C. with the migration of the Mexica from Aztlan tribe, towards the center of Mexico. When the Mexica tribe arrived, where now stands Mexico City, they found an eagle holding a serpent between its claws on a cactus. The Mexica thought this was a message from their god Huitzilopochtli (sun god) telling them that there was their sacred land. Pre-Hispanic Cultures Before the Mexica arrived to the center of Mexico and Central America, many pre-Hispanic cultures were developed, sharing their traditions and culture. When we talk about Mesoamerica, it refers to cultures that existed before the European conquest in the territories that are now Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. In Mesoamerica grew and faded many cultures, some of the most important were the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya and Aztec. These cultures had their own art, architecture and religion, most of these cultures were conquered by other cultures and therefore there was a mixture developing and forming a new and enriched culture. These cultures lived on the Pre-classic, Classic and Post classic which is division in periods of the pre-Hispanic period, some of these cultures lived for over a period, others just lived through one. The Conquest of Mexico and the Creation of New Spain In 1492 Christopher Columbus arrived in Cuba and thought that they were in the Indies (today India). Almost thirty years later...
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...advanced Amerindian civilizations, Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century. A devaluation of the peso in late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation continues to make an impressive recovery. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the impoverished southern states. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that the opposition defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) was sworn in on 1 December 2000 as the first chief executive elected in free and fair elections.Geography Situated in the southwestern part of mainland North America and roughly triangular in shape, Mexico stretches more than 3000 km from northwest to southeast. Its width is varied, from more than 2000 km in the north and less than 220 km at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the south. Mexico is bordered by the United States to the north, and Belize and Guatemala to the southeast. Mexico is about one-fourth the size of the United States. Baja California in the west is an 1,250-km peninsula and forms the Gulf of California. In the east are the Gulf of Mexico and the Bay of Campeche, which...
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...Galveston, Texas was a prospering city that many considered to be ahead in the race for economic dominance in the state. It had a population of 37,000, a thriving business district, and an extremely active port which made it the center of trade in Texas. However on September 8, 1900 a hurricane swept the island, devastating its population, destroying many homes and businesses, and cutting it off from the rest of the world. Galveston is an island 30 miles long and at many points no more than one mile from north to south. Located off the south-eastern coast of Texas, it lies in between the Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. Its location, while making it conducive to the sort of economic and social growth that came at the end of the 19th Century, also makes it dangerously prone to hurricanes. Warm waters, like those in the Gulf of Mexico, are a source of energy for storm systems. On top of sitting in warm ocean water, Galveston has a max elevation of only 8.7 feet (and an average much lower than that), making it susceptible to the dangers of storm surges and flooding. Since most of Galveston is at or only slightly above sea level, high waters pushed ashore by heavy winds were able to flood over the entire island, washing people and property away with it. Galveston’s societal conditions further exacerbated the destruction. In the late 19th and early 20th Century, the island was a thriving port and a center for trade in Texas. It had a growing population, many new homes, and a lot...
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...Effect of border proximity on school performance in imperial County abstract Education in Imperial County, from the elementary to the high school level, always ranks among the lowest in the state. This constant underperformance might be due to the high level of minority enrollment throughout the county. This paper uses census and other government data along with school accountability report cards to show that border proximity negatively impacts the performance of a school. While economic and immigration factors are probably not the only reason for this, this paper uses state testing reports and population demographics to compare the schools side by side and account for the difference in school achievement. 1. Introduction The economy of Imperial County ranks among the lowest in the state. This, in turn, reflects heavily on the level of academic achievement in the three main high schools. In addition to this, the county is also home to a large immigrant population, attributed to the proximity with Mexico and large farming sector. However, it is interesting to note the difference in school performance and how they relate with how far away they are from the international border. Taking a number of factors into account, we should observe a lower level of achievement in the school closest to the border. This paper attempts to examine the relationship between school performance and immigration. Specifically, does the higher level of minority students affect academic...
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...model for Latin American development, Mexico is now home to an epidemic of drug related violence. The state is apparently powerless to stop organized crime, despite increasing military presence in criminal hotspots along the U.S-Mexican border. Since January 2007, more than 28,000 Mexicans died in drug violence. This is a cruel twist for a nation which, during the oil-driven Mexican Miracle of the 1970s, was poised to join the first world of stable industrialized states. Under the heavy-handed guidance of the Partido Revolutionario Institutional, Mexico seemed destined to remain a prosperous authoritarian regime with a thin veneer of democratic legitimacy. However, untested economic policies swept through the country as they did through the much of the world in the 1980s with the help of the "Washington consensus." With the removal of social security nets during an extended period of economic upheaval, Mexico's ruling party was replaced in a wave of popular discontent. The new leadership, with the institutions of an authoritarian regime, did little to relieve the nation of widespread poverty. As a result, the impoverished were unable to either escape crushing deprivation legally or mobilize to replace the government without fear of reprisal. Insurgency, in the familiar form of guerrilla movements and the novel form of increasingly powerful drug gangs, was a natural response to government failure without legitimate avenues of resistance. Mexico now hangs in the balance, unable to...
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...what is considered a safe limit. Cairo is in the company of other Cities like Mexico City, Bangkok, San Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo which are among the worst Cities in the World in terms of air pollution. The US environmental Protection Agency has published Risk data which states that above the safe limit, the risk of developing serious respiratory disease and cancer from inhaling particulate in air (dust & soot and hydrocarbons, heavy metal compounds) is: 2 persons for every 1000. In addition to that, the dispersion factor (how fast the pollutants in the air are dispersed because of the weather conditions like the wind, rain ,air, temperature) makes a difference in the severity of exposure to air pollution. Cairo has a very poor dispersion factor because of lack of rain and its layout of tall buildings and narrow streets, which create a bowl effect. I don't claim to have accurate data on Cairo air Pollution. There isn't any. I can make a reasonable assumption, that Cairo air pollution is similar to the low range of Mexico City & San Paulo, which we have good data for. I have been to Cairo four or five times in the past two years. The air is thick, gray and there is a haze over Cairo . The sky is not blue but gray. Very similar to Mexico City and Bangkok. The weather conditions make the dispersion factor twice as bad as Los Angeles, which has good air pollution data. Assuming Cairo has a population of 12 million, The simple risk calculation comes to the...
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...American and Mexican armies in leadership, size and composition, technology, logistical systems, command, control and communications, intelligence, tactical doctrine and morale, the battle chronologically, followed by the significance of the battle, addressing the effects of the war and how lessons learned from this war affect the way our military operates today. So first, lets start by discussing the Mexican-American war. During April 25, 1846 to February 2, 1848 the Mexican American War occurred. This conflict happened between the Centralist Republic or Mexico and the Unite States. The war consisted of four campaigns as follows, the Texas, California, Pacific Coast and Mexico campaigns. President James K. Polk, who was elected in 1844, believed the United States had a “manifest destiny” to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean (Frazier, 1998). At first, the United States declined to incorporate Texas into the union, because northern political interests were against the addition of a new slave state. The Mexican government encouraged border raids and warnings that if any attempt to annex Texas it would lead to a war. As time went by Polk had his eyes on the southwest territory and wanted to occupy Texas and New Mexico. When offers to purchase the land were denied, he instigated a fight by moving troops in the Rio Grande and Nueces that both countries recognized as part of the Mexican state of Coahuila, causing the start of the Mexican-American War (Frazier, 1998). Throughout...
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...Grupo Modelo (GM) is a Mexican brewer company with a 57% share in Mexico. The Mexican beer market is the world's eighth largest beer market. The company is also an important player in the United States premium beer segment with a market share of about 6%. Three of its brands ? Corona Extra, Modelo Special and Corona Light ? are among the top ten highest selling imported beers in the US. Grupo Modelo has a distribution system covering more than 122 countries, with its flagship brand, Corona, being the fourth largest selling brand in the world. The major beer brands of the company are: Corona Extra, Corona Light, Modelo Especial, Pacifico, Victoria and Negra Modelo. Grupo Modelo operations comprise of mainly two areas: brewing process and sales. The brewing operations include five breweries located in Mexico with a total processing capacity of more than 50 million hectoliters per year. The group has several subsidiary / affiliate companies that provide support services to the core business of producing beer. GM has followed a strategy of vertical integration since the 60's which has resulted in this network of companies engaging in the brewing and ancillary operations. GM has an established distribution network in Mexican market, which is a key factor in maintaining market shares in the domestic beer market. The export sales of beer are coordinated through a set of representative offices around the world. It may also be mentioned that the distribution network of the company...
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