...Egypt i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west. Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people[2] live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Monuments in Egypt such as the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx were constructed by its ancient civilization. Its ancient ruins, such as those of Memphis, Thebes, and Karnak and the Valley of the Kings outside Luxor, are a significant focus of archaeological study. The tourism industry and the Red Sea Riviera employ...
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...com/learningfiles/sacreds.html http://www.thekeep.org/~kunoichi/kunoichi/themestream/egypt_animals.html http://www.shira.net/egypt-goddess.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/animal_gallery.shtml http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/mythology/72190 http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/bestiary/index.html Weapons and War http://primaryschool.asfg.mx/CPProyecto/Ancient_Egyptian_Weapons.htm http://www.egyptologyonline.com/the_army_in_ancient_egypt.htm http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/weapons.htm http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/weapons/index.html http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/tools/weapons.html weapons http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/weapons/index.html Chariot http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/chariot.htm Jewelry http://historylink101.net/egypt_1/a-jewelry.htm http://www2.sptimes.com/Egypt/EgyptCredit.4.2.html http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/crowns/jewellery.htm Cosmetics http://inventorspot.com/articles/the_slightly_gross_origins_lipstick_13653 http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam23.html http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/cosmetics.htm http://www.eye-make-up-tips.com/makeup/makeup-beauty-tips/ancient-egyptian-makeup.aspx http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=154257 Cosmetics used as medicine? Egypt: Daily Life http://www2.sptimes.com/Egypt/EgyptCredit.4.2.html http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html Cleopatra http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/04/17/cleopatra...
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...Dean Barr Prof. Grosse Humanities 104-11 February 21, 2012 Essay One Throughout time there have been many changes in civilization. Two of the most prominent civilizations to arise were the Ancient Egyptians and Greeks. These two civilizations paved the way and influenced many other cultures. When comparing their art, there are very noticeable differences within the cultures, and you are able to see what they valued and cherished or hated and feared in their different pieces of works. Egypt has a wide variety of art forms, such as painting, sculpturing and architecture. Much of the art found from Ancient Egypt is clearly symbolic in nature and how they viewed life and death. The Egyptians belief in an afterlife is a major contributing factor to much of their art, and is found in tombs where the kings were buried. Sculptures were also a prominent art form in Ancient Egypt with the Egyptians making large sculptures of the people they worshipped. Art from Ancient Greece set the standard for many artists, even by today’s standards. Sculptures made of marble, stones, and metals, such as bronze, played a significant role in the Greek art forms. The Greeks also invented the art of panel painting, in which the artists drew various scenes over different panels to tell stories. These panel paintings were painted on pillars and walls and often told epic tales of heroes and gods. Comparing sculptures from the two civilizations is a good way to see how they differ from each other...
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...November 19, 2013 Egypt When people think of Egypt they think of pyramids, camels passing by, desert with no food and water that however, is far from what Egypt really is like. The name of the culture for Egypt is called The Republic of Egypt, Egypt is located in northern Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Garza Strip and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/eg.html). “About 10,000 years ago, people started near the Nile River.” (http://www.tooter4kids.com/Egypt/FunFacts.htm) This civilization is one we know today as Egypt. As one of the first civilizations, Egypt has a lot of background. Egypt was one of the first civilizations when people finally gave up their nomadic way of life. The Nile River was a good place to start a civilization because of the fertile soil. Today the Nile is a big source of wealth for the Egyptians and other people of this region just like it was in the ancient times. Without the Nile all of Egypt would be a hot and dry dessert. The Nile stretches for 4,145 miles. It is the longest river in the world. It flows from the South to the North. It originates near the equator in Africa and flows through the countries of Rwanda, Zaire, Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Egypt before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. Egypt today is a republic with a parliamentary government, a president as head of state and a judicial system based on British common...
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...Through hard work and determination Egypt was able to overcome obstacles and rose to the top as one of the most advanced civilizations of its time. Become technologically advanced and the growth in their agriculture found from the deserts, Egypt is a force to be reckoned with. Starting with some basic background history, in the mid 1990 it was estimated that Egypt’s population was made up of 52.5 million people. The area size of Egypt is 386,700 square miles which is 1.001 million km² long. Majority of Egypt’s ethnic group are Egyptians, whose native language is Arabic. Only three percent of Egypt is made up of minorities, the largest of these minority groups are from the tribes of Bedouins, whose native language is also Arabic. Other ethnic groups are Armenian, Greeks, French, and Italians. Majority of Egyptians believe in the Islamic faith with a small 8.2 percent believing in Christianity. Although education is important to the Egyptians, school was only common for the wealthy, and those who were boys. It was estimated that merely three-fourth of the people over the age of ten were illiterate, which consisted of mainly all girls. Fortunately for girls, the school system changed to accommodate the more demanding society. In the 1980s the total number of females in college had doubled and the rate of girls being in school in general rose from nothing to thirty-two percent. (Country Studies) In the nineteenth century began the rapid growth of urbanization. The government...
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...Egyptian Uprising of 2011 Things will never be the same in Egypt due to the Egyptian revolution that has been ongoing since January of 2011. The uprising began in Cairo and many other cities followed, eventually causing the president to resign from office. I am going to tell a little bit about the revolution and what it has meant to me. The Egyptian revolution began in early January 2011 by activist revolting against the president of Egypt calling for the end of poverty, unemployment, government corruption and requesting the end of the presidents ruling. On January 25th, a national holiday in Egypt, the activist took to the streets to calling it a day of rage. From there on out for about a month there was brutal ongoing fights, with many people losing their lives. During this time, the city of Cairo was considered a war zone. During this uprising, over 800 people died and more than 6,000 people were injured. It makes me sad that there were so many people that had died just for speaking up and expressing their selves. As a child, you are taught to express what you feel and think, showing people what you are made of and what you represent. With that being your family, your religion, your rights and freedom of speech. The Egyptians, similar to us, used social media to share to the world what was happening in their desperate lives. The main difference I felt was that when they tried to use freedom of speech they were punished. I have learned that I am very lucky...
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...Poverty in Egypt Introduction: Poverty has spread into the whole globe, and most nations are suffering from lack of food and basic needs. One out of two children in the world are considered poor, and 3 billion people live with less than $2.50/day (Causes of Poverty, 2012). Sometimes it is easy to blame poor people for their situation because some are accusing them of being lazy, but most of the times the governments in poor countries are the one who blame. However, it is essential for the governments around the world to makeshift and end this problem. Egypt is one of the countries whose people suffer from poverty. In order for a country to develop, it is important to reduce the percentage of poverty in that country, and Egypt is one of the countries that have to initiate and reduce poverty. In 2010, the percentage of people who lives on less than $1.25 a day is around 25% of the whole population (Poverty and Equity, 2011). Poverty is one of the major reasons that led Egyptians to revolt against Hosni Mubarak who was the president of Egypt for 30 years. Egyptians after the revolution have high hopes on the new president Mohamed Morsi, who received 51.7% of the last presidential elections, to lower the poverty and corruption. While Egypt has used a number of strategies to reduce poverty, much more remains to be accomplished. In this paper, I will provide background information on Egypt, I will examine the extent of poverty in Egypt, I will evaluate the strategies Egypt has implemented...
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...movement of demonstrations, marches, plaza occupations, riots, non-violent civil resistance, acts of civil disobedience and labor strikes. Millions of protesters from a variety of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of the regime of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. There were also important Islamic, liberal, anti-capitalist, nationalist, and feminist currents of the revolution. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and 100,000 injured.[22][23] Protesters also burned upwards of 90 police stations, though international media and politicians attempted to minimize that aspect of the revolt.[24] Protests took place in Cairo, Alexandria, and in other cities in Egypt, following the Tunisian revolution that resulted in the overthrow of the long-time Tunisian president. Grievances of Egyptian protesters were focused on legal and political issues[25] including police brutality, state of emergency laws,[1] lack of free elections and freedom of speech, corruption,[2] and economic issues including high unemployment, food price inflation[3] and low wages.[1][3] The primary demands from protesters were the end of the Hosni Mubarak regime, the end of emergency law, freedom, justice, a responsive non-military government and a say in the management of Egypt's resources.[26] Strikes by labour unions added to the pressure on government officials.[27] During the uprising the capital city of Cairo was described as...
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...------------------------------------------------- Pepsi in Egypt Date: 3/14/15 Over the past three decades a fundamental change has been occurring in the global economy. Barriers to the free flow of coming down, indicating that national goods and services have been economics are becoming more integrated into single global market. In the global market companies are able to produce their products and introduce them to other cultures or countries. As a result of this change in the economy, material culture is starting to look similar over the world. One example of material culture is food or drinks. Pepsi would be one of the famous drinks that the world shares. Pepsi is a soft drink that was first introduced as "Brad's Drink" in New Bern, North Carolina, in 1883 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his pharmacy where the drink was sold.*2 Pepsi nowadays, is produce by PepsiCo, Inc. PepsiCo, Inc. is one of the world's top consumer product companies with many of the world's most important and valuable trademarks. Its Pepsi-Cola Company division is the second largest soft drink business in the world, with a 21 percent share of the carbonated soft drink market worldwide and 29 percent in the United States. Three of its brands, Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew and Diet Pepsi&mdashe among the top ten soft drinks in the US market.*1The company’s headquarters are in Purchase, New York. ...
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...main key to the civilization of Egypt was the Nile River. The Nile over flowed once a year leaving deposits of minerals and fertile black soil, which made it the richest agricultural region in the Mediterranean world(17). The whole civilization ran up and down the Nile, no more than fourteen miles away in either direction. Egyptian history was divided into three periods called kingdoms(Old, Middle, New and two intermediate periods). Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, lower in the north and upper in the south, since the Nile flows from south to north. Two of the major cities were actually developed in Lower Egypt, Nekhen and Abydos(18). The two communities were pretty developed for their time. Pharaohs(which means “great household”) were appointed to rule over Egypt(19).They formed their own political organization, religion, industry, and new ideas. We know the least about the history of the Old Kingdom. Historians relied on texts from the deceased. They came to discover that the Egyptians were very keen on the aspect of death. We do however find out a lot about the Pharaohs. They were considered the link between the land, people, and their gods(21). Taxes, trade, and labor were all administered by the Pharaoh as well. Even though the Pharaoh was in so much power, they needed help. So they appointed “governors” called nomarchs, which usually was from their family. Since Egypt was so huge, communication was vital. This is another reason Egypt thrived due to its communication...
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...The sphinx The Sphinx of Giza is a symbol that has represented the essence of Egypt for thousands of years. Even with all of the pictures that we see of the Sphinx, nothing can really prepare you for the time that you finally see the Sphinx with your own eyes. Here's a look at the Sphinx that will give you a hint of what you can expect to see if you visit Egypt. Abu Roash Located 5 miles north of Giza, Abu Roash was the site that the first son of Khufu, Djedefre, chose to build his pyramid. Typically, as successor, it was Djedefre's responsibility to attend to the completion of his fathers entombment. It was then time for Djedefre to begin the construction of his own tomb. Because of the present state of the site, some experts believe that this pyramid was never finished. Others contend that extensive quarrying has been done at the site and the pyramid has been effectively dismantled over the ages. Whatever the case, the pyramid itself was unique in several ways. Firstly, the subterranean chamber is more like those of step pyramids, and therefore unlike that of the more modern "true" pyramids. The Great Pyramid The first stop on our tour of the Giza plateau is the Great Pyramid of the 4th Dynasty King, Khufu. It was the first pyramid constructed on the plateau and many consider that it represents the pinnacle of the pyramid age. This pyramid contains ascending chambers and passageways...
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...My father once told me “Every journey you undertake in life will eventually reach an ending”. He told me his journey as pharaoh of our land would one day cease and the next rightful heir would take his place, only for his journey to end and another to take his place, and so on for eternity. “Simply the circle of life”. He taught me that you need to achieve as much as possible before your journey ends, and if that means going to war to take something you need, so be it. He was killed in battle when I was 13. It infuriated me that his journey had been so selfishly ended with a simple clash of swords, when mine was only just beginning. By the time I had turned 15, Egypt had fallen into an immense drought and many people were dying. Crops were deteriorating, trade was dwindling, and our civilization was falling apart at the seams. Something needed to be done. The city of Kadesh, although a small Hittite city, had abundant resources, enough to get our land back on track and relieve the hardships we were facing. Something needed to be done, and it was decided we would invade the small town in order to regain our city’s vitality. It was time to draw our swords in a clash that would save our city. It was then, that the small city of Kadesh became known as “the deceitful city of Kadesh”. The war went on for many arduous months, with the small community proving to have more brute then first anticipated. Many of our men were dying, and the pharaoh is always the one who received...
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...CULTURE LOCATION Today more than sixty-one million people live in Egypt. Egypt is located in northeastern Africa. On the north it borders the Mediterranean Sea, on the east the Red Sea and the State of Israel in the Sinai desert. Most of the population is concentrated in the Nile Valley, which is only a very small part (six percent) of Egyptian territory. Almost all the rest of the country is desert. HISTORY Archaeological evidence shows us that hunters lived in Egypt more than 250,000 years ago when the region was a green grassland. Around 25,000 BC, climate changes turned Egypt into a desert. The people survived by hunting and fishing and through agriculture. In 3100 BC, King Menes joined the two parts of the land into one kingdom. The Dynasty that he founded, together with the one after it, are now called the "Archaic Period". Egypt soon evolved into a centralized and well organized kingdom. Egypt gained a growing influence in the ancient world and its power came to dominate the Near East for more than 500 years. The construction of the great pyramids of the 4th dynasty (about 2575 - 2465 BC) took place during this time. The new kingdom expanded rapidly and the country was quite stable internally. Ancient Egypt and its culture had a tremendous impact on what is now the Western World. After the death of Tutankhamon the fourth, the Dynasty and the power of the king weakened. A period of decline followed and Egypt was invaded by the Assyrians and the Persians, and opened its borders...
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...Military. Egypt began forming an army in the Middle Kingdom. When Egypt was without a pharaoh, they fought each other with weapons such as bows, clubs, and spears. They wore linen kilts and leather straps around their chest. Without their army, ancient Egypt wouldn’t have become one of the greatest civilizations in the world. The army was very important to the ancient Egyptians. It was considered to have formed when Nebhepethre Mentuhotep I united Egypt in the Middle Kingdom. Men who wanted to join the military gathered by the mayor of the village. The governor of the territory chose the best men for recruitment. Men of the upper class became charioteers. Scribes started as pay clerks but later advanced to Scribe of Recruits. Soldiers first trained in barracks. They went home when they weren’t needed. Even if they were at home, they shared the booty and plunder that was taken by the army. Before fighting, the Egyptians and their opponents agreed on the place and time of battle. There were no ambushes and they fought in broad daylight on open ground. There was a trumpet signal to begin when both sides were ready. They usually fought on land but the occasional warship was used. Soldiers used medicine to heal battle wounds. They used bandages for broken bones, needles for surgery, and moldy bread to stop cuts from getting infected. Soldiers often received cures in prescription bottles. They carried amulets to ward off evil spirits. There were many wars in ancient Egypt. Egyptians...
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...Essay :- What elements of the New Kingdom Egypt economy ensured Egypt was a rich and powerful empire? New Kingdom Egypt had a significant and prosperous economy that other empires relied on due to the contributing factors such as them finding out how the Nile works, having structured source of government, Nubian gold minds provided them with gold other nations were entirely jealous of lastly barter system and trade system were successful. In this essay I will be discussing contributing factors that impacted new kingdoms empire. Transport was needed for goods to be sold for trade to villages and towns. The Nile made this happen and therefore greatly impacted Egypt’s economy. The Nile was a transport mechanism that transported good in-between ports such as grain, Stones such as limestone and quarries were transported along the Nile on barges. A source of evidence that shows this is Hatsheput’s mortuary temple, that features a scene of obelisks being transported from Aswan to Thebes. This made Egpyt a well known, dominant econmy. The economy heavily relied on the agriculture that the inundation from the Nile brought to the Egyptians. There were three distinct seasons that helped the agriculture, the first one was the season of Akhet which was when the river flooded, the second season was Peret that the waters would leave a black silt for ploughing and sowing the crops that was very fertile and lastly, the season of Shemu which were when the crops were harvest and stored...
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