...of attracting large audiences. These products may be sold as objects (such as books or digital videodiscs [DVDs]), exhibited for the price of a ticket or subscription (such as movies shown in cinemas or on premium or pay-for-view cable TV channels), or offered at no cash cost to consumers so as to create an audience for paid advertising (such as commercial television or radio broadcasts). Some of the mass media use combinations of these funding sources. For example, most newspapers and magazines are sold directly to the reader but depend on selling advertisements for their profitability. No communication technology is inherently a mass medium but rather becomes one through usage. For instance, radio was invented at the end of the 19th century primarily for use as a two-way communication system to serve industrial shipping and naval...
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...INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH by Nathan Rosenberg Professor of Economics (Emeritus), Stanford University Abstract This paper illustrates why technological innovation is considered as a major force in economic growth and focuses on some of the most distinctive features of innovation in the highly industrialized economies of the OECD area. In particular, the paper attempts to examine a primary single feature, “uncertainty” that dominates the search for new technologies by drawing several cases on the American experience. It also touches on the impact of technological innovation in the tourism industry and how it is transforming the tourism business model. Technological innovation, a major force in economic growth It is taken as axiomatic that innovative activity has been the single, most important component of long-term economic growth and this paper will start by drawing upon the findings of a very influential paper published by my colleague at Stanford, Prof. Abramovitx, back in the mid-1950s. In the most fundamental sense, there are only two ways of increasing the output of the economy: (1) you can increase the number of inputs that go into the productive process, or (2) if you are clever, you can think of new ways in which you can get more output from the same number of inputs. And, if you are an economist you are bound to be curious to know which of these two ways has been more important - and how much more important. Essentially what Abramovitz did was to measure the growth...
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...Vietnam Population Mix: * The population is surpassed only by Indonesia as Southeast Asia's most heavily populated country. However, Vietnam is the region's most ethnically homogenous country with the Vietnamese making up about 90% of the population. * 85% of Vietnam's ethnic-minority population belongs to indigenous groups - the largest of which are Thai and Hmong - who have been settled in the mountainous regions of the country for many centuries. * About 3% of the population is ethnic Chinese living in the urban centers of the South. * With an estimate 2014 population of 90,493,352, it is the 13th largest populated country in the world with a growth rate of 1%. * Population density is 272.4/kmsqr. * Vietnam's median age increased from 18.2 years (1980) to 28.5 years (2010). Its life expectancy increased from 58.9 years in 1980-1985 to74.3 years in 2005-2010. China and Thailand have the highest old-age dependency ratio (11 in 2010) while that of Vietnam is around 9. Current median age is 29.2 years. * Vietnam’s population is rapid aging and is going to be a new challenge.44.8% of the population lies in the 25-54 years age category. * 31% of the total population is urbanized with a rate of change of 3.03%. Ratio Percentage: Total dependency ratio: 41.3% Youth dependency ratio : 31.9% Elderly dependency ratio: 9.4% Potential dependency ratio: 10.6(2014 EST.) Provinces of Vietnam: * Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and 5 municipalities existing...
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...Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air...
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...A kitchen is a room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation. In the West, a modern residential kitchen is typically equipped with a stove, a sink with hot and cold running water, a refrigerator and kitchen cabinets arranged according to a modular design. Many households have a microwave oven, a dishwasher and other electric appliances. The main function of a kitchen is cooking or preparing food but it may also be used for dining, food storage, entertaining, dishwashing and laundry. The evolution of the kitchen is linked to the invention of the cooking range or stove and the development of water infrastructure capable of supplying water to private homes. Until the 18th century, food was cooked over an open fire. Technical advances in heating food in the 18th and 19th centuries, changed the architecture of the kitchen. Before the advent of modern pipes, water was brought from an outdoor source such as wells, pumps or springs. Antiquity[edit source | editbeta] The houses in Ancient Greece were commonly of the atrium-type: the rooms were arranged around a central courtyard for women. In many such homes, a covered but otherwise open patio served as the kitchen. Homes of the wealthy had the kitchen as a separate room, usually next to a bathroom (so that both rooms could be heated by the kitchen fire), both rooms being accessible from the court. In such houses, there was often a separate small storage room in the back of the kitchen used for storing food and kitchen...
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...European Union Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) The Nigerian Energy Sector An Overview with a Special Emphasis on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Rural Electrification 2nd Edition, June 2015 Implemented by 2 Acknowledgements This report on the Nigerian energy sector was compiled as part of the Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP). NESP is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and funded by the European Union and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The authors would like to thank the GIZ Nigeria team for having entrusted this highly relevant subject to GOPA- International Energy Consultants GmbH, and for their extensive and dedicated inputs and guidance provided during implementation. The authors express their gratitude to all project partners who provided particularly valuable and interesting insights into ongoing activities during the course of the project. It was a real pleasure and a great help to exchange ideas and learn from highly experienced management and staff and committed representatives of this programme. How to Read Citations Bibliography is cited by [Author; Year]. Where no author could be identified, we used the name of the institution. The Bibliography is listed in Chapter 10. Websites (internet links) are cited with a consecutive numbering system [1], [2], etc. The Websites are listed in Chapter 11. 3 Imprint Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft...
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...AN INDUSTRIAL PROJECT ON ASSEMBLED COMPUTERS PREFERENCE OVER BRANDED COMPUTERS AT NOBLE I’TECH NEW MARKET, PAKYONG AN AUTHORISED STUDY CENTRE MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER EDUCATION SUBMITTED ON PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF MASTERS IN COMMERCE (M.COM) PREPARED BY: NAME: BINOD DANGAL REGISTRATION NO.: 09SU1615 ROLL NO.: 12SGMCOM001 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF EXTERNAL GUIDE INTERNAL GUIDE BHIMLALL KHATIWARA DR. JIBAN UPHADYAYA (CENTRAL INCHARGE) (ASISTANT PROFESSOR) SUBMITTED TO COMMERCE DEPARTMENT SIKKIM GOVT. COLLEGE ABBREVIATIONS MICE : Manipal Institute of Computer Education DTP : Desk Top Publishing RAM : Random Access Memory ROM : Read Only Memory SMPS : Switch Mode Power Supply VGA : Video Graphic Adapter ATM : Automatic Teller Machine CAGR : Compound Annual Growth Rate PREFACE As we know very well that today’s world is a computer world where every task is done by the computer. And it is important to have computer knowledge for every individual. Giving priority to this, Manipal Institute of Computer Education is trying to fulfil the needs of common people by promoting computer service. The project entitled “Assembled Computer preference over Branded Computers” have prepared strictly in accordance with the format describe by the University. The project has been divided into 5 chapters. Each chapter has been divided into further...
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...incorporated into the New Deal, where a few remain with us even today. The Great Depression plunged the American people into an economic crisis unlike any endured in this country before or since. The worst and longest downturn in our economic history threw millions of hardworking individuals into poverty, and for more than a decade neither the free market nor the federal government was able to restore prosperity. The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. The depression originated in the U.S., after the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929, and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929, which is known as Black Tuesday. The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33%. Cities...
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...GLOBAL ECONOMICS CRITICAL ESSAY Does Globalization Cause Inequity Among Rich and Poor Nations? M. Stephen Lucas March 2007 Lucas 2 Table of Contents Introduction Discussion International Inequality Trade verses Aid Culture Clash Trade Liberalization 5 8 13 18 3 Conclusion 21 Bibliography Appendix 23 26 Lucas 3 Does Globalization Cause Inequity Among Rich and Poor Nations? Introduction Globalization and international trade have been around for millennia. Over the most part of the past century, nations have increased the amount of trade that crosses international borders. As trade agreements are made between countries, one nation’s resources become available to another nation’s citizens. The resources in each country are limited and scarce. The differences and availability of the proportions of each nation’s input factors of production is the catalyst for trade (Pugel, 2004). These factors include land, labor, capital, and enterprise. Land is the real estate that is comprised within the country’s border. It contains the natural resources that are limited in nature, such as oil, gold, silver, coal, etc. It also includes resources that can be grown on the land such as timber and agricultural products, which are limited by the size of the land that is available to grow such products and technology. Labor includes the skill sets of a nation’s people and is limited by the population size. Labor can be divided in to skilled and unskilled. In some countries...
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...History revision America 1890-1945 Time line Key: Bold and Underlined show events, policies or people of influence to US history from 1890-1945 RED: Political GREEN: Economic BLUE: Social BLACK: International affairs 1890- The accession of the Idaho and Wyoming brings the number of states in the Union to 44. The US Census notes that there is no longer a moving frontier in the American West. The Sherman Antitrust Act passed by Congress. 1896- William McKinley’s election victory marks the beginning of a lengthy period of Republican political dominance. 1898- Victory in the Spanish-American war marks the rise of ‘American Imperialism’ and establishes control over Cuba and the Philippines 1901- Theodore Roosevelt becomes president after the assassination of McKinley. The Platt Amendment is passed by Congress 1904- Thedore Roosevelt proclaims the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine after etsablishing US influence over Panama. 1905- President Roosevelt acts as mediator in the Treaty of New Hampshire ending the Russo-Japanese War. 1912- New Mexico and Arizona achieve statehood, bringing the number of states in the Union to 48. The Republican Party splits; Theodore Roosevelt runs for president on behalf of the ‘Bull Moose’ Progressive Party, ensuring the defeat of President Taft. Woodrow Wilson wins the Presidency for the Democrats 1914- War begins in Europe. The USA proclaims neutrality. President Wilson send US forces to occupy the port of Vera Cruz in Mexico...
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...EXERCISE #2 Doing Business with Mongolia Pulvera, Michael V. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Over the past 20 years, Mongolia has transformed into a vibrant multiparty democracy with a booming economy. Mongolia is at the threshold of a major transformation driven by the exploitation of its vast mineral resources and the share of mining in GDP today stands at 20 percent, twice the ratio of a decade ago. The Mongolian economy is facing challenges from persistent economic imbalances. Economic growth slowed to 3.0 percent in the first half of 2015 amid declining exports from a continued weakening of the commodity market and slower growth in the key export market of China. Mongolia’s annual GDP growth is expected to slow to 2.3 percent for all of 2015. Poverty has been on a downward trend over the past decade. Most recently, Mongolia’s poverty rate declined from 27.4 percent in 2012 to 21.6 percent in 2014, although many remain near the poverty line. Substantial progress has also been made in regard to several Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) at the national level, though significant regional disparities prevail. To ensure sustainable and inclusive growth, Mongolia will need to strengthen institutional capacity to manage public revenues efficiently and limit the effects of Dutch Disease; allocate its resources effectively among spending, investing, and saving; reduce poverty; and offer equal opportunities to all its citizens in urban and rural areas. It needs to do this...
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...PART 3 GROWING THE PRIVATE SECTOR CHAPTER 17 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS Institutions refer to arrangements and processes for the purposeful administration or management of a polity or the management of an entity. The importance of institutions will probably be best understood from the governance perspective. In this regard, we recall that governance is 111 primarily concerned with two inter-related issues. These are (a) existence of societal institutions for managing social relations; and (b) the degree of independence enjoyed by each institution in the performance of its assigned duties. Hence, the state of institutions along these two dimensions determines the quality of governance. Herein lies the desirability of assessing the current state of institutional setting in which ODSEEDS would be designed and implemented. For the purpose of our discussion, we have identified three major groups of stakeholders around which institutions could be appraised. These groups comprise (a) the government (public sector), (b) business (private sector); and (c) civil society (the people). These are the three primary partners (3PP) in the development process of any nation. The characteristic of each partner group in Ondo State are highlighted briefly as follows: 17.1 The Public Sector Ondo State has a seasoned executive arm of government, a legacy it inherited from the early 60s. The state’s civil service is blessed with competent technocrats and is expected to serve as...
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...MSc International Business and Management 2011/2012 Module: Global technology and operations management - Assignment 1 Introducing Global Technologies The role of World Exhibitions Student: Milica Andjelkovic 4003/2011 Mentor: Prof. dr Maja Levi Jaksic I Introduction • • Technological development and globalization Strategic technology management II Historical Role of World Exhibitions in the introduction of new technologies • • World Exhibitions as the first steps of Globalization in the 19th century Shaping the Modern Image of World Exhibitions in the 20th century III Case study Aichi 2005- Shanghai 2010 • • • Search for sustainable development Technologies development in the 21st Century Expo 2005 Aichi Japan – “Nature’s wealth” Expo 2010 Shanghai China – “Better city better life” IV Conclusion • An overview of the technological rather than commercial meaning of World Exhibitions and future trends V Literature 2 Technological development and Globalization Technological innovation is, without doubt, the major force for change in modern Society - a force of knowledge (Betz, 2011). Technology and organization development have always been focusing on finding relevant connections between social, historical and technological achievements within one specific period of time, therefore specific technological findings have marked and even named entire periods in human evolution: from the stone age, through iron age and all the way till industrial revolution...
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...------------------------------------------------- Electricity Lightning is one of the most dramatic effects of electricity. Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an electrical wire. In addition, electricity encompasses less familiar concepts such as the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic induction. The word is from the New Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like"coined in the year 1600 from the Greek ήλεκτρον (electron) meaning amber(hardened plant resin), because static electricity effects were produced classically by rubbing amber. Usage In general usage, the word "electricity" adequately refers to a number of physical effects. In scientific usage, however, the term is vague, and these related, but distinct, concepts are better identified by more precise terms: * Electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. * Electric current: a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes. * Electric field: an influence produced by an electric charge on other charges in its vicinity. * Electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically...
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...Philippines – United States relations are bilateral relations between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America. As one of the oldest Asian partners and closest strategic major non-NATO allies of the United States, the Philippines has consistently been the most pro-American nation in the world, with 90% of Filipinos viewing the U.S. and 91% viewing Americans favorably in 2002, and 90% of Filipinos viewing U.S. influence positively in 2011. Pursuant to the 1947 Military Bases Agreement, the United States maintained and operated major facilities at Clark Air Base until November 1991, and at Subic Bay Naval Complex and several small subsidiary installations in the Philippines until November 1992. In July 1991, negotiators from the two countries reached agreement on a draft treaty providing for the clean-up and turnover of Clark to the Philippine government in 1992, and for the lease of Subic Bay Naval Base by the U.S. for 10 years. By 1991, operations at Clark had already been scaled back because of the end of the Cold War, with the last combat aircraft leaving in 1990, before the base was heavily damaged by the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. On September 16, 1991, the Philippine Senate rejected the bases treaty by a slim margin, and despite further efforts to salvage the situation, the two sides could not reach an agreement. As a result, the Philippine Government informed the U.S. on December 6, 1991, that it would have one year to complete withdrawal....
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