...84 CHAPTER 3 Research design, research method and population 3.1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 3 outlines the research design, the research method, the population under study, the sampling procedure, and the method that was used to collect data. The reliability and validity of the research instrument are addressed. Ethical considerations pertaining to the research are also discussed. 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN It is the blueprint for conducting the study that maximises control over factors that could interfere with the validity of the findings. Designing a study helps the researcher to plan and implement the study in a way that will help the researcher to obtain intended results, thus increasing the chances of obtaining information that could be associated with the real situation (Burns & Grove 2001:223). 3.3 RESEARCH METHOD A quantitative, descriptive approach was adopted to investigate reasons why women who requested TOP services failed to use contraceptives effectively. 3.1 Quantitative This is a quantitative study since it is concerned with the numbers and frequencies with which contraceptive challenges were experienced by women who requested TOP services in terms of the 85 CTOP Act (no 92 of 1996) in the Gert Sibande District of the Mpumalannga Province of the RSA, during August and September 2003. 3.2 Description This study was descriptive because it complied with the characteristics of descriptive research as stipulated by Brink and Wood (1998: 283). • Descriptive designs...
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...CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the method of research utilized in the study, the population, sample size, and sampling technique, description of the respondents, research instrument, data-gathering procedure, and statistical treatment used for data analysis. Research Method Used The descriptive method of educational research was employed in the study, since it describes what traits or what it is of a certain educational phenomenon. Borg defines the descriptive method as a distinctive research methodology of systematic data collection, presentation, and analysis. The method of research is concerned with conditions and relations that exist, practices that prevail, processes that are going on, point of view effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing. This method is the most appropriate method for this study, as Best asserts that the descriptive research goes beyond mere tabulation of data to the analysis and interpretation and meaning of what is being described. It involves a more in depth analysis through the use of numerical and comparative analysis. Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique Table 1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Population and Sample |Course, Year and Section |Population |Sample |% | |BSMT-A1 |48 |12 ...
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...Factors that affect students performance in English in some selected secondary school in Siaya district--Nairobi Show full item record Title: | Factors that affect students performance in English in some selected secondary school in Siaya district--Nairobi | Author: | Wauye, Syvester Hannington | Abstract: | Stratified random sampling was used to select the schools that were involved in the study to delineate factors that affect the performance of students in English in some selected secondary school within 9iaya District. One hundred and five students and three teachers were utilized for the study. The population sample was derived from the three secondary schools categorized into high, average and low performing. The teachers were purposively selected while the classes from which the students participated was done through simple random sampling technique. A teacher questionnaire containing twenty one items (21 items ) a student a questionnaire containing twenty five items (25 items) and a student attitude scale containing twenty items (20 items) were used to elicit the needed data. The data was coded and then analysed by a computer package known as EXCELL to generate frequencies, percentages and means. The findings of the study showed that lack of teacher effectiveness is a factor in students not performing well in English. Contrary to the expectations of the study, the data revealed that teachers had professional competence in their work. The students tended to believe...
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...after the participants agreed to participate in this research. Participants were given 10-15 minutes to complete the questionnaires. Researchers collected back the questionnaires right after participants completed it. Participants are not allowed to change any of the answers after the submission of questionnaire. The process of this data collection took 2 days. It started from 17th January 2014 to 18th January 2014. HOW TO GET SAMPLE The population of this research is UTAR, Perak Campus students. While our sample is 50 undergraduate students from Faculty of Arts and Social (FAS). These 50 students were divided into 2 groups according to gender which is male and female. Therefore, our sample was 25 male students and 25 female students from FAS. We got this sampling method through random sampling method. Random sampling means every member of the population have an equal chance of being selected. Our sample is said to be an unbiased sample because the sample is chosen at random from the population. We used ‘coin toss’ method to randomly select our sample. The results are based on the coin side produced upon tossed. If the result is the head of the coin,...
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...What methodology was used and how was it effective? In order to investigate the different views and opinions that patients have in regards to patient- centered care, interpersonal interviews, a research methodology, was utilized. Interpersonal interviews were conducted in this phenomenological study in order to inquire about the “lived experience” or phenomena of patient’s experience of patient- centered care. This methodology ensured reliability and validity. Reliability was achieved through the interpersonal interview technique by using the same interview framework and the same researcher to conduct all of the interviews. This allowed the data that was being extracted to have consistency. All interviews were applied in a ‘coherent and consistent manner’ through the use of open and in depth discussions about the phenomena of patient centered care. This ensured validity and provided a further insight into the participant’s views of patient centered care. The interviews were accurately recorded and interpreted by two researchers separately to identify different meanings of the data. The methodology used was definitely effective, as it allowed data saturation to occur, which meant that no new themes were forthcoming and the data was repeating itself. This signified that all data that was required on the study of patient centered care was collected. How is the study unbiased? The study or phenomena of patient centered care appears to be unbiased. The concept of phenomenology...
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...Overview CQI's Q Coffee System locates specialty coffees at origin and helps to improve those that have the potential to meet specialty standards. The effect is a common language between buyers and sellers that draws attention to more specialty coffees while creating an infrastructure that gives producers greater opportunities to enter the marketplace and to increase their economic viability. When a coffee moves through the Q Coffee System and becomes verified as a Q Coffee™, it signifies an independent confirmation of quality that can truly be deemed specialty. Green coffee samples are submitted to an In-Country Partner (ICP), and 3 Licensed Q Graders (professionally accredited cuppers) cup and score the coffee. Coffees that meet the standards for green, roasted, and cup quality are issued a Q Certificate. If a coffee does not meet specialty standards, it receives a technical report that explains why. Reinforcing Standards | A Differentiated Approach According to SCAA standards, a coffee that receives a score of 80 or above is considered specialty, Q Coffees™ provide an assurance of quality that consumers can trust. While many variables in roasting and brewing affect the taste of coffee, Q Coffees™ confirm that the beans being used are among the highest quality in the world - properly milled and having distinguishable characteristics that separate them from other coffees. A good bean is the first step toward achieving a perfect cup of coffee. Reinforcing the standards of...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction The network services first enter Malaysia in the early 1990s during the management of former Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. The network service which perceived to be some kind of policies that may favor the political supporters was not accepted by some parties. Hence, the service was constraint to gain acceptance by public and did not had any improvement. After the Asian financial crisis which hit Malaysia on year 1997-1998, a new era of market was transformed. A standalone policy and regulatory body known as the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) was formed to bring new length of transparency and public liability to technology sector administration. Since then, broadband connections were widely spread in the market. For example, 1700 broadband connections were provided in approximately 800 libraries and expanded to public location where Internet can be found at most towns. As the government keep pushing toward the development of a broadband society, a large total number of broadband connections of all kind increases from 19,000 to over 200,000 in year 2002. While in year 2004, the government determines to set an amount of RM 800 million to build and improve broadband connectivity at countryside and outskirt. As Malaysia pushing ahead to create a broadband society, broadband service provider can grab this opportunity and promote the service to the consumer. Malaysia has been continuously proving...
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...A STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PURCHASE DECISION IN AN ONLINE JEWELRY STORE A STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PURCHASE DECISION IN AN ONLINE JEWELRY STORE An Independent Study Presented to The Graduate School of Bangkok University In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Business Administration by Risto-Pekka Myllymäki 2010 © 2010 Risto-Pekka Myllymäki All Right Reserved i Myllymäki, Risto-Pekka. M.B.A. (Master of Business Administration), August 2010, Graduate School, Bangkok University. A study of factors influencing purchase decision in an online jewelry store (63 pp.) Advisor of Independent Study Dr. Paul TJ James ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to find factors influencing purchase decision in an online jewelry store, in order to help Precium Oy Ltd. to prepare its launch of a web store selling silver jewelry. A quantitative online survey was conducted to Finnish Facebook users, who were connected with the owners of Precium Oy Ltd. Out of 502 questionnaires sent, 206 responses were collected in the time of one week. The findings of the study indicate that reliability is the most important upper-level factor influencing purchase decision in an online jewelry store. More detailed factors which create reliability were found, such as familiar payment methods, appearance of the online store and third party recommendations. From the products and services perspective, the appearance of the jewelry was the most important factor influencing...
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...ASMA FATHIMA REG NO: 11SKCMA016 TITLE OF THE STUDY: “A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF LIFESTYLE INTERNATIONAL PVT LTD” 1. TITLE OF THE STUDY: “A STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF LIFESTYLE INTERNATIONAL PVT LTD.” 1.0. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY: Performance Management System (PMS) includes activities which ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner. Performance management can focus on the performance of an organization, a department, employee, or even the processes to build a product of service, as well as many other areas. PMS is also known as a process by which organizations align their resources, systems and employees to strategic objectives and priorities. In organizational development (OD), performance can be thought of as Actual Results vs Desired Results. Any discrepancy, where Actual is less than Desired, could constitute the performance improvement zone. Performance management and improvement can be thought of as a cycle: • Performance planning where goals and objectives are established • Performance coaching where a manager intervenes to give feedback and adjust performance • Performance appraisal where individual performance is formally documented and feedback delivered It is to understand the gap between two things: A performance problem is any gap between Desired Results and Actual Results. Performance improvement is any effort targeted at closing...
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...needs, motives, attitude and values at a sub-conscious level. Purpose of research: The research was primarily exploratory to gain insights into reasons why people make certain purchases. Mr. Campagna also wanted to get a flavour of language people use in talking about chain saw. Analysis of method: The research was conducted in states of Illionois and Wisconsin. People who were selected for TAT were screened on basis of whether they planned to purchase a chain saw in next 12 months or already owned a chain saw or had used a chain saw in past. However this was the only information collected, ideally some more information must have been collected regarding their demographics and more regions could have been considered. They restricted the sample to only two states. How should Conway and Baggins respond to Hamilton’s question? Hamilton...
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...All of the following data are demographic data except a. income b. age c. education d. residence e. religion * Data Types The following question elicits _____ data. How satisfied are you with the last flight you took with American Airlines? Very Somewhat Neutral Somewhat Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Satisfied 1 2 3 4 5 a. demographic b. psychographic c. attitude d. behavioristic Types of variables marketing researchers may work with include all of the following except a. nominal b. ordinal c. logistic d. ratio The variable in which numbers serve only as labels to identify or categorize objects or events is the ____. a. nominal variable b. ordinal variable c. interval variable d. ratio variable The following question will result in a ____ variable. Which is your favorite Yogurt brand? __ Yoplait __ Dannon __ Chobani __ Stonyfield __ Other () a. nominal variable b. ordinal variable c. interval variable d. ratio variable Which type of scale is the following question? Please rank the importance of the following product features in your decision to buy a laptop computer. (1=most important, 4=least important) a. Rank order b. Likert scale ...
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...200 workers who responded to the survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs. However, a critical review of the claim and its premise cast some doubts on the validity of the argument. First, corporate restructuring and redesign of benefit programs is a small part of management issues and thus cannot be used as a basis to say workers have interest in management issues. Second, for workers to have merely indicate on a questionnaire that they have interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and design of benefit programs is not enough to conclude that they actually do it in reality. Finally, a generalization made from the result of a survey with a sample size of 1,200 workers without stating the population size is not adequate. First and foremost, the discussion will touch on the inadequacy of the premise as against the claim. With this, I state that, corporate restructuring and redesign of benefit programs is a small part of management issues and thus cannot be used as a basis to say workers have interest in management issues. Management issues encompass several measures. These are inclusive of spinning of departments into agencies to enhance efficiency, changing of product lines, merging with or acquiring of other firms and so on. Again, the emphasis of benefit programs is so obvious that workers will be concerned with since it directly affect them thereby resulting in the kind of response...
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...(1) Assign a single number to each element in the sampling frame. – (2) Use random numbers to select elements into the sample until the desired number of cases is obtained. • The method is not very different from winning a lottery. 2. Systematic Sampling • Steps: – (1) Calculate the sampling interval as the ratio between population size and sample size, I = N/n. – (2) Arrange all elements in the population in an order. – (3) Select a case in the first interval randomly. – (4) Select every ith case from this point. 2. Systematic Sampling (continued) I I 1st element, randomly chosen I I I I – Systematic Sampling is easier and simpler than SRS – The text warns of a danger to this method. What is it? 3. Stratified Sampling • Stratified sampling is more complicated than SRS. The advantage is the guaranteed representativeness in some important characteristics. • For example, say that we want to select a sample of 100 individuals. Sex ratio in the sample is up to chance if we do SRS. We can guarantee the 50-50 split if we do stratified sampling: Stratified Sampling, Graphic Representation Population SRS SRS Sample • Stratified sampling is often used to reduce the variability of a sample. Oversampling, Graphic Representation Population SRS SRS Sample • Increasing the representation of a group in a sample. This is often done when groups are very different in size – e.g., race 4. Cluster Sampling • Cluster sampling is...
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...INTRODUCTION The Study is entitled “IRREGULAR SUDENTS CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO ITSELF”. The researchers chose this topic because nowadays, the researchers have noticed that there is an increasing population of irregular students. The researchers would like to know what causes them to become an irregular and the effects of being one. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The main Problem is about the causes and effects of being an irregular student. The study seek to solve the following sub-problems: 1. What is the percentage of CITHM Tourism irregular students? 2. What are the causes that make the Tourism students irregular? 3. What are the effects of being an irregular student to the following? a. Grades/Class performance b. Schedule c. Course Completion d. Financially e. Social Life/Classmates 4. What are the actions being implemented by the college to minimize this problem? OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To know the percentage of CITHM Tourism irregular Students. 2. To determine the causes that make the Tourism students irregular. 3. To find out the effects of being an irregular student to the following. a. Grades/Class performance b. Schedule c. Course Completion d. Financially e. Social Life/Classmates 4. To know the actions being implemented by the college to minimize this problem. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY (Discuss the significance of the study, how the study contributes to existing knowledge, social relevance of the study...
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...sampling Cluster sampling is a sampling technique where the entire population is divided into groups, or clusters and a random sample of these clusters are selected. All observations in the selected clusters are included in the sample. Cluster sampling is typically used when the researcher cannot get a complete list of the members of a population they wish to study but can get a complete list of groups or 'clusters' of the population. It is also used when a random sample would produce a list of subjects so widely scattered that surveying them would prove to be far too expensive, for example, people who live in different counties in the Country. Advantages One advantage of cluster sampling is that it is cheap, quick, and easy. Instead of sampling the entire country when using simple random sampling, the research can instead allocate resources to the few randomly selected clusters when using cluster sampling. A second advantage to cluster sampling is that the researcher can have a larger sample size than if he or she was using simple random sampling. Because the researcher will only have to take the sample from a number of clusters, he or she can select more subjects since they are more accessible. Disadvantages One main disadvantage of cluster sampling is that is the least representative of the population out of all the types of probability samples. It is common for individuals within a cluster to have similar characteristics, so when a researcher uses cluster sampling, there...
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