...1. Introduction The main objective of this essay is to answer the following question: In the Schumpeterian approach to entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs are the creative economic actors who fashion new ventures by combining the factors of production in new and innovative ways. To what extent does this approach hold true for entrepreneurs in the early 21st century? The basic analysis method consists in finding similarities and differences between Schumpeter’s and modern day theories of entrepreneurship and establishing general patterns coming out of the comparative analysis. We shall try and decompose the main question in several constituent parts. The above given Schumpeter’s definition of entrepreneurship can be broken down as follows: * Entrepreneurs are economic actors, i.e. individuals engaged in commercial activity * Entrepreneurs create new ventures through innovation * Innovation consists in combining existing factors of production in new ways We will analyse both Schumpeter’s and modern day entrepreneurs along these and other dimensions in an attempt to place Schumpeter’s concepts in the realities of the 21st century. 2. Schumpeter’s theory of entrepreneurship Economic development One of Schumpeter’s major life works is his book Theory of Economic Development published first in 1911 in German and then republished in an updated version in 1934 in English (Schumpeter 1934), in which he describes a model of economy where entrepreneurs are the main drivers for change...
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...Abstract This study aims to advance our understanding of motivation at work and examines its effects on intrapraneurship and competitive performance in the high tech companies by reinterpreting the existing literature regarding motivation and conducting an empirical study to see the relationship. 1. Motivation in the Workplace 1.1. Work Motivation 1.2.1. Its Definition and Importance Motivation, in its broadest sense, is the force that drives behaviour. It is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get desired course of action, push the right button to attain desired goals. Motivation is the reason for people to do a specific behaviour or make a decision. Each decision or choice has its own set of determinants, only employee motivation in the work context and its impacts will be elaborated in this paper. Motivation is always a goal-oriented process. It is a crucial factor in the accomplishment of company goals; by work motivation, employees are induced and energized towards company goals through a specific way. As Craig Pinder stated in his book “Work motivation in organizational behaviour” in 1998, work motivation is a set of energetic forces that originate both within as well as beyond an individual’s being, to initiate work-related behaviour and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration. Motivation at work is a crucial determinant of work performance. In general, productivity depends on 3 things: resources...
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...18th Century, Cantillion and Say from the French school of thought were amongst the first to recognise the role of the entrepreneur. Cantillion first defined entrepreneurs as a 'risk taker', buying at a certain price and selling at an uncertain price. (Cited in Blaug 1986:220) Jean-Baptiste Say backed this up by stating entrepreneurs are 'the pivot of the economy, a vehicle for economic change. Deakins and Freel (2009). In the years to come, further concepts of entrepreneurs were developed and argued amongst academics. By examining the differing opinions from a broad spectrum of authors since the role was first distinguished, through the years where the meaning has become diverse and arguments have surfaced over the true meaning of entrepreneurship, I hope to make clear whether the term is so unclear to render it worthless or find some way of giving it some true common definition in today's society. To investigate the varying opinions and definitions of the entrepreneur successfully, it is important to compare views on all aspects of being an entrepreneur. By Looking into how entrepreneurs have ideas for new ventures, the effects on the economy, the number of entrepreneurs and the types of ideas they have and ways they become entrepreneurial. As a starting point it seems all academics and speakers on the subject regard entrepreneurs as...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments ix xiii PART ONE OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 1. Strategic Management The Nature and Value of Strategic Management Dimensions of Strategic Decisions 4 Formality in Strategic Management 9 Benefits of Strategic Management 11 Risks of Strategic Management 11 The Strategic Management Process 11 Strategic Management as a Process 16 Summary 18 Key Terms 19 Questions for Discussion 19 2 3 PART TWO STRATEGY FORMULATION 2. SM_Prelims.indd 17 Company Mission What is a Company Mission? 23 The Need for an Explicit Mission 24 Formulating a Mission 24 Basic Product or Service; Primary Market; Principal Technology Company Goals: Survival; Growth; Profitability 26 Company Philosophy 28 Public Image 29 Company Self-Concept 33 Newest Trends in Mission Components 33 An Exemplary Mission Statement 35 Boards of Directors 37 Agency Theory 38 22 25 2/8/2012 10:17:09 AM Contents How Agency Problems Occur 39 Problems That Can Result from Agency 39 Solutions to the Agency Problem 40 Summary 41 Key Terms 41 Questions for Discussion 41 Appendix A: Company Vision 43 Appendix B: BB&T Vision, Mission, and Purpose 3. 4. SM_Prelims.indd 18 44 Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics The Stakeholder Approach to Social Responsibility 52 The Dynamics of Social Responsibility 54 Types of Social Responsibility 57 Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability 60 Sarbanes-Oxley...
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...critically comment on the following blog written by fourth grade high school students in Ohio discussing entrepreneurship: “ - Entrepreneurship is one of the most important parts of economics in a freeenterprise system. - An entrepreneur is a person that creates, organises and manages a business while trying to make a profit. The first thing an entrepreneur needs to do is to think of an idea. They have to be inquirers so they can gather as much information as possible. They need to constantly reflect on their decisions. They must be risk-takers because there is always a chance that their business will not succeed. They must be open-minded when presenting their ideas and receiving feedback. Entrepreneurs must be good communicators when sharing their ideas with investors and when advertising and promoting their company. They must also be principled and caring towards their employees and customers. - By being hardworking entrepreneurs, we all have the opportunity to be very successful.” 2 The essay examines the importance of entrepreneurship within the economy, core elements of entrepreneurship, and how entrepreneurial behaviour and certain character traits impact success. The investigation is based on statements about entrepreneurship given by fourth grade high school students in Ohio. The essay will argue that entrepreneurship is an essential part of economics in a free-enterprise system. Furthermore, it will point out that an entrepreneur...
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...Running head: JAMIE DIMON AND BANK ONE Jamie Dimon and Bank One Jamie Dimon and Bank One Successful entrepreneur and businessman Jamie Dimon was hired as the CEO of Bank One to analyze and correct many significant issues. Political infighting, rampant overhead costs, poor customer service, low morale, and outdated IT systems were only a few of the daunting problems plaguing the company. Dimon’s task was not an easy one: to use entrepreneurial thinking, innovation, risk-taking and decisive action to save Bank One from impending disaster (Marshall & Thedinga, 2006). Dimon’s Mission Dimon arrived at Bank One in March of 2000 as the new CEO. In addition to learning about the situation at the organization, Dimon was intent to uncover the truths behind Bank One’s challenge – the poor decisions and missteps taken that contributed to the current organizational challenges. Once uncovered, Dimon set out to synthesize his findings and deliver a plan of action that would save Bank One from a continued downward spiral (Marshall & Thedinga, 2006). Dimon’s Signals to the Organization Using his behavior, Dimon sent several very clear signals to the company. The first signal he sent was that he was strongly invested in Bank One’s future success, that he was a part of the Bank One ‘family.’ Dimon accomplished this by purchasing 2 million shares of the company, at a cost of $57 million. This reflected this theory that leaders should...
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...| Corporate Entrepreneurship | Strategic Management II | | MDI Gurgaon | 8/9/2014 | | Group 8 13P131 Ashir Madaan 13P168 Shivang Gupta 13P170 Shweta Verma 13P172 Siddharth Gautam 13P174 SK Armaan Sarkar 13P175 Sohan Shetty Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Corporate Entrepreneurship 5 3. Google & Corporate Entrepreneurship 5 4. Strategies followed by Google 5 4.1 Involvement of top leadership 5 4.2 Project Kennedy 5 4.3 Launch & Iterate 5 4.4 Lead Users 5 4.5 Leveraging employees for fostering innovation 5 4.6 TGIFs & FIXITS 5 4.7 Googlegeist 5 4.8 Google Moderator 5 4.9 Google X & Moonshot mentality 5 4.10 Recruitment policy 5 5. Google’s eight pillars of Innovation 5 6. Results 5 7. Issues faced by Google with respect to Corporate Entrepreneurship 5 8. Conclusion 5 9. References 5 Executive Summary Corporate Entrepreneurship is a concept in Strategy whereby companies in order to trigger innovation in their organization tap into the entrepreneurial ability of its employees. The process of innovation can vary and methods are different for mature organizations and young organizations. In this project we have tried to review the how corporate entrepreneurship is employed in Google to innovate its products and services. As Google is a young...
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...Entrepreneurship Development Code: 209 Credits: 3 Unit I Meaning of Entrepreneurship, types of entrepreneurship, concept of intrapreneur, importance, developing entrepreneurship through training and motivation. Unit II Idea Generation, Identifying and Evaluating business Opportunities, idea generation and evaluation, Lifecycle and growth plans and the role of the entrepreneur in each stage, Exit options, Preparation and Presentation of Business Plans. Unit III Post-entry entrepreneurial issues: Implementing Business plans, Forms of business ownership, Professionalization and Management Succession, Reinventing and turn around. Support systems for entrepreneurs: Institutional support: Training Institutions, Financial Institutions, Research and Technology, Marketing and Legal aspects, Taxation benefits, Global aspects of Entrepreneurship SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Anjan Raichaudhuri (2010) Managing New Ventures- Concepts and cases on Entrepreneurship, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Hisrich, R.D, Peter, M. P and Shepherd, D.A (2006) Entrepreneurship, New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill, sixth edition. 3. Dollinger, Mark J (2004) Entrepreneurship: strategies and resources, Delhi: Pearson Education (Singapore) 4. Sharma, Sudhir, Singh, Balraj and Singhal, Sandeep (2005) Entrepreneurship development, New- Delhi: Wisdom Publications 5. Saini, J S and Rathore, B S (2001), Entrepreneurship: theory and practice....
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...Learning Unit 1: Introduction to Entrepreneurship Define and compare entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the process of conceptualising, organising, launching and — through innovation — nurturing a business opportunity into a potentially high growth venture in a complex, unstable environment. Entrepreneur: Entrepreneurs are those individuals who discover market needs and launch new firms to meet those needs. They are risk takers who provide an impetus for change, innovation and progress in economic life. Intrapreneurship: Intrapreneurship is the form of entrepreneurship which takes place in existing businesses around new products, services or markets. Intrapreneur: Intrapreneurs are innovative employees who either rejuvenate existing organisations or create new ventures within a corporate structure. Intrapreneurs are also referred to as internal or corporate entrepreneurs. Discuss the entrepreneurial motivation. Push Factors: Poor remuneration Lack of Job advancement Restrictive employers Potential restructuring and / or retrenchment Inability to secure a job Lack of innovation in the current workplace Pull Factors The motivation of profit The need for a challenge and self actualisation The desire for independence The desire to improve one’s community Describe the profile of an entrepreneur. Prominent among the character traits of successful entrepreneurs have the following traits: * * The ability...
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...Journal of Business Venturing 27 (2012) 266–290 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Business Venturing International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda Andreea N. Kiss a,⁎, Wade M. Danis b, 1, S. Tamer Cavusgil c, 2 a b c Global Economics and Management Department Faculty of Economics and Business University of Groningen, 800 Postbus, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands Peter B. Gustavson School of Business, University of Victoria, P.O. BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC Canada V8W 2Y2 J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Institute of International Business, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3989, Atlanta, GA 30303-3989, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This article systematically reviews and critically examines international entrepreneurship research in emerging economies (IEEE research), and articulates its importance, timeliness and relevance in consideration of the growing influence of emerging markets in the global economy. A systematic analysis of eighty-eight journal articles published over the last two decades reveals that IEEE research is a vibrant and rapidly growing stream of the broader international entrepreneurship (IE) domain, and that it is methodologically and topically diverse. Our review also shows that IEEE research has a limited presence in premier journals, is highly skewed in its geographic coverage, and is somewhat fragmented. We therefore inventory...
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...MODULE ONE THEORY AND CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDIES Learning Objectives At the end of this module students should be able to; Discuss the origin of Entrepreneurship Define the concept “Entrepreneur” List the roles and characteristics of an Entrepreneur State the motivational factors of Entrepreneurship. UNIT ONE: ORIGIN AND CONCEPTS OF ENTREPRENEUR AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Objectives: At the end of this unit students should be able to; Compare and contrast the various definitions of Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship. 1.2. Differentiate between Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship. List five contributions to the study of Entrepreneurship. Introduction Businesses are any undertaking created for the purpose of creating utility. Utility is simply the satisfaction derived from consuming certain goods and services. Businesses are created by a special kind of labour which is also referred to as the entrepreneur. Entrepreneur is regarded as a special kind of labour because not all labour possesses entrepreneurial abilities which enable them to start a business from the scratch. Thus, entrepreneurship is simply the establishment of a new business or business enterprise or venture. This Unit looks at the development of the concept of entrepreneurship and the various ways in which this concept can be defined. Quick Review questions I. Businesses are not any undertaking created for the purpose of creating utility...
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...UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI : : CHENNAI 600 025 REGULATIONS - 2009 CURRICULUM I TO IV SEMESTERS (FULL TIME) MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) SEMESTER – I |Code No. |Course Title |L |T |P |C | |BA9101 |Statistics for Management |3 |1 |0 |4 | |BA9102 |Economic Analysis for Business |4 |0 |0 |4 | |BA9103 |Total Quality Management |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9104 |Organizational Behaviour |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9105 |Communication Skills |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9106 |Accounting for Management |3 |1 |0 |4 | |BA9107 |Legal Aspects of Business |3 |0 |0 |3 | |BA9108 |Seminar I – Management Concept |0 |0 |2 |1 | | |Total | | | |25...
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...This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee. Organization The overarching logic of the book is intuitive—organized around answers to the what, where, why, and how of international business. WHAT? Section one introduces what is international business and who has an interest in it. Students will sift through the globalization debate and understanding the impact of ethics on global businesses. Additionally, students will explore the evolution of international trade from past to present, with a focus on how firms and professionals can better understand today’s complex global business arena by understanding the impact of political and legal factors. The section concludes with a chapter on understanding how cultures are defined and the impact on business interactions and practices with tangible tips for negotiating across cultures. WHERE? Section two develops student knowledge about key facets of the global business environment and the key elements of trade and cooperation between nations and global organizations. Today, with increasing numbers of companies of all sizes operating internationally, no business or country can remain an island. Rather, the interconnections between countries, businesses, and institutions are inextricable. Even how we define the world is changing. No longer classified into simple and neat...
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...Revised Syllabus with Credit based Semester and Grading System For The Master of Management Studies (MMS) 2Years full-time Degree Course (Effective from the academic year 2012 – 2013) MMS New Course Structure (Effective July 2012 onwards) MMS First Year: Semester I Subject/Paper Maximum Number of Marks Sessions of 90 Minutes Core Papers 1.1 Perspective Management 1.2 Financial Accounting 1.3 Managerial Economics 1.4 Operations Management 1.5 Organisational Behaviour 1.6 Business Mathematics 1.7 Information Technology & Management 1.8 Communication Skills 1.9 Marketing Management 1.10 to 1.13 Elective 1 Elective 2 Total Electives (Students need to opt for any two electives) 1.10 Selling & Negotiation Skills 1.11 High Performance Leadership 1.12 Indian Ethos in Management 1.13 Corporate Social Responsibility Projects 50 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 1000 18 30 30 30 30 30 18 30 30 30 30 306 Note 1: All subjects/papers for semester I will be internally assessed by the institute. Note 2: All new electives proposed to be introduced by the institute, apart from electives listed in the new syllabus; need to inform University in writing outlining the details of the course with learning objectives, learning outcomes, detail syllabus, teaching learning plan and course evaluation procedures within the pattern prescribed at least one semester in advance. Master of Management Studies First Year Semester I Sl No Code Subject/Paper No of Periods per week...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Technovation 30 (2010) 291–299 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Technovation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/technovation Structural ambidexterity in NPD processes: A firm-level assessment of the impact of differentiated structures on innovation performance Matthias de Visser a,Ã, Petra de Weerd-Nederhof a,1, Dries Faems a,2, Michael Song b,3, Bart van Looy c,4, Klaasjan Visscher a,5 a University of Twente, Capitool 15, 7521 PL Enschede, The Netherlands University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110-2499, USA c Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 30000 Leuven, Belgium b a r t i c l e in fo Keywords: New product development process Cross-functional structure Structural ambidexterity Derivative innovation performance Breakthrough innovation performance abstract Based on a survey study of 155 U.S. firms, we conducted a firm-level assessment of the impact of different kinds of structures (i.e., functional versus cross-functional) in different kinds of new product development (NPD) processes (i.e., incremental versus radical) on different kinds of firm innovation performance (i.e., derivative versus breakthrough). We observe that most firms opt for similar structures for their incremental and radical NPD processes. At the same time, though, we find strong evidence that (1) firms that apply a cross-functional structure for the radical NPD process perform significantly better...
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