...Experimental Research PSY/285 Fatima Gibbs 6/05/11 Carol Watson Pharmaceutical Research: Sleep Aids There are many different types of sleep aids available today. Insomnia is common and is difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or a disturbance in sleep quality that makes it difficult for a person to feel rested in the morning. About 10% of adults suffer from chronic insomnia. It is important to get an appropriate amount of sleep everyday for proper functioning. Lack of sleep can cause; mood swings, lack of memory, and affect the full use of motor skills. There are many causes of insomnia such as: depression, stress, anxiety, which are mental health related issues, chemical imbalances, pain, interaction with other medications, and lifestyles or circumstances. As people age their sleep patterns change (Doghramji,2008).These issues make the need for sleep aids extremely high. A sleep aid is a method or medication to help a person fall asleep and stay asleep without difficulty. Most of the sleep aids on today state that they are non-habit forming. This is a plus for people who work 10-12 hour days and need to function at a fast pace mentally and physically. Pharmaceutical companies test sleep-aids on humans...
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...Sleepwalking Sleepwalking has always attracted a sense of mystery and suspense. Has anyone here ever watched someone who was sleepwalking? I have. I was 13 years old and it was in camp when I watched my friend get out of bed and walk to the front door of our bunkhouse. I had no idea that she was sleepwalking. I tried whispering her name but when she didn’t turn around, I just figured she hadn’t heard me. I called out to her louder but still she didn’t respond. That’s when I noticed the faraway look on her face. Her eyes were glazed over and her face had a blank stare. She didn’t turn back; she just kept walking straight towards the door. It was a very eerie thing to watch. I remember not being able to do anything but stare at her. I kept wondering; where is she going? What is she doing? Ever since then, I had always wondered about what sleepwalking really is. Is it a dream? Or is it reality? Sleepwalking wasn’t seriously investigated and diagnosed until the last century. In the 19th-century, a German chemist and parapsychologist, Baron Karl Ludwig von Reichenbach made extensive studies of sleepwalkers. Sleepwalking was initially thought to be a dreamer acting out a dream. Later on, the Society for Science published a conclusion saying that sleepwalking really has very little to do with dreaming and that it in fact, occurs when the sleeper is in his deepest sleep—a stage in which dreams are not even had. Sleepwalking is also knows as Somnambulism, which means...
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...INFORMATIVE SPEECH 1) How To Be Happy Being Single The life that we are bestowed with is truly a miracle. This precise miracle gets overshadowed with the contradictions that we live with. Contradictions like, the young want to be older and the old want to be young again; the dark want to be fair and the fair want to darken; the short want to be tall and the tall ones have their own problems. And just the same way, the single want to mingle and the ones with partners want to break free. Isn't that complicated enough? Well, let's take a moment and say aloud - "I am single. I am single! I AM SINGLE". Yes. It is not to rub salt on your wounds but for you to embrace it than dread it. Acceptance is the key to great decisions. It is, in fact, very empowering. Look at you. You live your life all by yourself because you are capable of being single and independent. If you still hate your relationship status, take another moment to remember all the things you have dealt with alone. I am single. No, I really am single and everyday I push my limits to achieve something better alone because I can't afford to waste my time waiting for someone who may or may not show up just so I could have the cliché happy ending to my fairytale because Disney says so. No, that is not the end to my life or your life for that matter. Life is living it, not waiting for it to be over. And why on Earth would I ever want to cripple myself to the aid of a person who sees me as nothing more than a baby that...
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...Should schools start later in the morning? In today’s busy life schedule for teenagers, the first activity when their day starts is to abandon sleep. However, researches show that the sleep deficit of teenagers today is encumbering high school students' achievement. Indeed, no one does well when they’re sleep-deprived, but insufficient sleep among children has been associated to obesity and to learning issues like attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder etc. According to various surveys and research, teenagers’ body clocks are set to a schedule that is different from that of younger children or adults. This prevents adolescents from nodding off until around 11p.m., when they produce the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin and rising up much before 8 a.m. when their bodies stop producing melatonin. The result is that the first class of the morning is often a waste, which contributes to failure and dropout rates. It is a fact that every morning in a school environment, we see a decent number of teens who have that "I don't want to be here, I just want to sleep" look on their faces. Yet in the afternoon, right when school ends, they act like they're on ten cups of coffee. This is because their day starts way too early. Even for getting ready for school they have to rise way before time, sufficient enough for them to get ready, have breakfast and to cover the kilometers to the school campus. Of course, when school starts later, it has to end later. But instead of taking this...
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...students went to the classroom confidently. They believe that their efforts would pay back. However, the result could be unbelievable. There was once a research done by participants from 44 college students. It turns out that sleep-deprived participants performed significantly worse than the no deprived participants on the cognitive task. However, the sleep-deprived participants rated their concentration and effort higher than the nondeprived participants did (June, Amy 512). This was exactly the same as what students who spend their whole night preparing an exam think. They believe they put more effort compared to students who sleep well before the exam day. It indicates that college students are not aware of the extent, to which sleep deprivation negatively affects their ability to complete cognitive tasks. First of all, we should know the clear concept of sleep. What is sleep and what is sleep for? This is a pretty simple question. My answer could be simply as “to survive”. Yes, it is. Paul Martin states that sleep are forms of behavior, just as eating or socializing or fighting or...
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...This paper will explain what I read and how it will help me conduct the clinical process with people who stutter. The first article that I will discuss is “Stuttering and Sleep: Some Speculation” by Sandra Melo. It has been researched that stuttering became worse after several nights of poor sleeping. In a single day, the brain processes more information than you can possible imagine. We rely on our brain to actively interpret and manage every piece of information our body is in contact with. When we sleep, the brain gets to rest, recharge and get ready for the next day of activities, thinking, processing, analyzing and more. That is why the amount of sleep we get is crucial if we want to efficiently function during the day. Sleep deprivation affects a person’s speech. It has been a general observance that individuals who lack sleep tend to stutter and slur. Vocabulary becomes limited and the tone of the voice is lowered. When conducting speech therapy with someone who stutters as an SLP, I first have to make sure my patient is getting the proper rest. Depending on the age preschool children should get 14 hours of sleep, school-aged children 10-11 hours, and adults should get 8 hours of sleep each night. Without the proper amount of sleep patients might suffer from increased muscle tension, which can affect speech. Another consequence of sleep...
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...The media article I chose for this assignment is, Does lack of sleep affect a child’s behavior written by Miller, Renee. The article discusses the different factors that can influence a child’s various behaviors such as aggression, moodiness, and lack of focus. The author wants the reader to know that lack of sleep in children is released in different forms of behaviors that may be represented as changes in mood and energy level. She hypothesizes that children are affected by lack of sleep just as adults are, however the difference is in how it is carried. A tired adult may look sleepy and yet drag along the day where a child represents this fatigue by bursts of energy. When a child appears to have a burst of energy, it may be a sign of lack of sleep and which may be misdiagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (MedlinePlus, National Institute of Health) The symptoms a child poses from lack of sleep are quite similar to those of ADHD symptoms such as becoming disagreeable, excitable, hyperactive and engaging in extreme behaviors like tantrums or aggression. (Miller, R.) As an EA, I believe keeping an eye out on these signs are very important to grow in my profession, and not to confuse a child’s lack of focus due to lack of sleep for a learning disability. The author suggests that they are correlated in that lack of sleep will cause a child to have a lack of focus and thus their ability to learn will be affected. I found it interesting that the behavior in which the...
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...Attachment and Loss Volume 1. (1) Bowlby devoted much of his research on the theory of attachment, describing it as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings" (Bowlby, 1969, p.194). (2) His theory ‘emphasised the importance of the bond established between infants and their primary carer-usually their mother’ (Scott etal). Once the bond is first established, an attachment is made between the infant and their mother. Bowbly believed that the need to form this primary attachment was innate and crucial in the first months of life (critical period) as it would have a prolonged effect on a person’s future mental and developmental state. If a child is separated from their mother in which, Bowlby described as ‘maternal deprivation’, he believed that the...
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...Sleep deprivation can lead to numerous health risks. In today’s society there are many factors leading to people being deprived of sleep. Three causes of sleep deprivation are having a newborn child at home, stress, and sleep apnea. When a couple has a baby everyone thinks of how cute and precious it will be. Almost no one thinks of the sleepless nights to come. A newborn child has yet to develop a sleep pattern and so sometimes does not sleep during the normal hours an adult would. As a result, the parents do not get the opportunity to sleep much either. Waking up numerous times throughout the night to answer a baby’s cries disrupts their pattern of sleep and it can be difficult to get back to a nice restful state after having had to get out of bed to tend to the child. Sleep deprivation can also be attributed to stress. It can appear in many forms. It could be a conflict with a coworker, worrying about an upcoming test, or wondering how the bills are going to get paid this month. This is the type of worrisome thinking that can cause people to lose sleep over. They feel that until the problem is resolved, they cannot truly get a good night’s sleep. The end result is tossing and turning all night long in the anguish of whether or not everything will eventually be ok. Another cause of sleep deprivation is sleep apnea. This is a common disorder in which a person has one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while they sleep. Usually a chronic condition...
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...Associate Level Material Stress and Illness in the Workplace Matrix Use the following table to describe the relationship between stress and health in the workplace and to identify ways to reduce stress in the workplace. If you use additional sources, include citations consistent with APA guidelines. |What is the relationship between stress and health in the workplace? |Stress and health are directly affected by our place of work. I view it like this: we are often | | |surrounded by our coworkers, more than we are by our extended families. For this reason, the level of | | |stress that a particular work environment may cause can be detrimental to a person’s health. When anyone| | |is stressed, it can create a number of problems with their health. | |Identify a situation in which you experienced stress in the workplace or provide a |Fictional example: I had been scheduled to work 4 late shifts, out of 5 working days. Every other | |fictional example. |employee only had to work 1 late shift. I brought it to her attention and explained that it was not part| | ...
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...Study Links Long Hours to Increased Errors | Top Abstract Background Method Results Discussion References | Study Links Long Hours to Increased Errors In 2005, the American Nurses Association House of Delegates resolved to disseminate recent research findings on the relationship between work hours, fatigue and errors. Dr. Ann Rogers presented the results of her study “The Working Hours of Hospital Staff Nurses and Patient Safety” published in Health Affairs, July/August 2004. Her study followed 393 registered nurses working over 5,317 shifts. Each nurse tracked hours worked, time of day worked, overtime, days off, sleep/wake patterns, errors and near misses. According to Dr. Rogers, fatigue results in: * Forgetfulness * Slowed reaction time * Diminished decision making * Reduced vigilance * Apathy, lethargy * Impaired communication. Delivery of health care requires higher cognitive functions – judgment, logic, complex decision-making, memory, vigilance, information management and communication skills. Fatigued workers try ineffective solutions to problems and neglect activities deemed non-essential. Sleep research indicates that most people need at 7.5-8 hour of sleep each night. Nurses in the study averaged 6.8 hours of sleep. Long hours, and the impact of competing priorities in personal lives impact getting adequate rest prior to working. In more than half the shifts, nurses were unable to take breaks due to shift demands...
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...If you’re a student attending classes, you have probably experienced many moments when it was hard to make yourself settle down and study, even when an important exam was coming up. If you’re like most students, you put off studying until the very last minute. The night before the exam, you’ll stay up all night cramming, getting little or no sleep. In the morning, you’ll drag yourself out of bed, wake yourself up with lots of coffee or sometimes some cigarettes, and go into the exam feeling exhausted, stressed out and nervous all at the same time. You’ll find it hard to focus or think, and you’ll be cursing yourself for not starting to study sooner. And not surprisingly, unless you’re blessed with natural brilliance, or you happen to know the subject matter extremely well, you’ll probably do terribly on the test. If this is your typical method of studying, you already know it doesn’t work. Every time you go through this ritual, you tell yourself that you’re going to smarten up the next time you face a big exam. Next time you’ll start to study weeks in advance, you say. But instead, you keep repeating this crazy pattern. Why does this keep happening? And what should you be doing instead if you want to get better marks? Well in this study, it will not just evaluate each student’s performance in studying, but also try to know what improvements they should do as well as show correlations about several things that affect their studies either into bad ones or good ones. If you have...
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...early in the morning. To have to wake up so early when they only get about seven hours of sleep, to have students be coming into school at 7:30AM or maybe even earlier in some other schools, is not right. Students need to have time at night to get work done, not only schoolwork but also non-schoolwork. Needless to say, the school schedule for high school students needs to be changed and be made where they go in later. That way they get their work done and get enough sleep because without much sleep students will not be getting high grades. A health survey that the University Health Center administered showed them that one in four students say that lack of sleep has affected their academic performance in a bad way (“Sleep Rocks”). Sleep deprivation impairs students’ ability to be alert, pay attention, solve problems, cope with stress, and retain information. Academic performances on students are low due to lack of sleep. Schools should start later so students would get more sleep at home and it would prevent them from sleeping in class, so the students would have more motivation and students’ academic grades would increase. Sleep is an important part to each and every person. First, one good effect of this solution is that it would decrease the amount of students sleeping in their class. Its been a fight for years for a variety of schools around the U.S. trying to make the school starting time later in the day because most students can not get up early. Even pushing the time up...
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...Maternal deprivation Bowlby was a psychoanalyst; he came up with a theory for maternal deprivation. He used this theory to explain how a child would be effected if the emotional bond between the care giver and the infant was broken. He also showed that if the attachment was damaged on a regular basis, the child could suffer with social, intellectual and emotional damage due to maternal deprivation. This view is supported by Bowlby’s research, 44 Juvenile Thieves. Bowlby conducted a piece of research in which to find out if children were deprived of their mother during the critical period of attachment of the first few years of their lives, could this lead to a serious range of permanent consequences happen for later development. He took 88 clients from the child guidance clinic. Forty-four children had been referred to the clinic because of stealing. Bowlby interviewed children and their parents building up a record of their early life experiences. Bowlby found that 32% of the ‘thieves’ showed affectionless psychopathy as they had spent a considerable amount of time in hospital of a foster home as infants. In contrast only a small amount on the non-affectionless thieves had the same experiences. He concluded that disruption during the attachment stages was responsible for this. However this research was argued by Michael Rutter, he suggested that Bowlby did not consider the differences between deprivation and privation and their different consequences. He also stated...
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...counterparts (45% vs. 62%), and their symptoms were more likely to be associated with medical conditions, according to the 2003 poll of adults between the ages of 55 and 84. Insomnia is a symptom of sleep disorder of having difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. It is usually followed by functional impairment while awake. People who have insomnia complain about being able to close their eyes or “rest their minds” for more than a minute Sleep Disorders 4 at a time. Insomnia is also broken down into different types. Transient Insomnia can last from days to weeks. It can be caused by another sleep disorder, changes in the sleep environment, depression, or stress. Its consequences are sleepiness and things similar to those of sleep deprivations. Another type of...
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