...Sleep deprivation is defined as a sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause physical or psychiatric symptoms and affect routine performances of tasks. (WebMd) Sleep deprivation can lead to harsh physical and or mental problems and should be taken seriously. We are now living in a 24/7 world where we are constantly busy and there is work, television and electronics keeping us up. Getting the proper amount of sleep should be taken very seriously so that there are no harmful effects to your body or mind. Sleep is something that you cannot live without, just like the food we need to eat or the oxygen we need to breathe. Sleep may be the last thing we feel there is time for but it should be made a top priority. There are several consequences, such as accidents or disasters, that are a result of sleep deprivation or lack of sleep and everyone should make a conscious effort to improving the way they sleep. Sleep debt is a major factor in accidents and can cause slow or delayed reactions times. Slowed reaction time can be dangerous while driving a vehicle or even operating machinery. Not only could you harm yourself due to a lack of sleep but others could be in harms way as well. An example of sleep deprivation and slowed reaction time would be the Exxon Valdez disaster. This accident was a major disaster in where oil was spilled all over and harmed many living creatures. In “Sleep Debt and the Mortgaged Mind” William C. Dement and Christopher...
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...China, Japan and the Middle East countries. These students have their own diverse styles of living and this include their pattern of sleep. According to Evans (2006), there are slightly different performance in when and how people sleep. This research aims to explore the exact differences of pattern of students who are studying at NTIC. It will also examine the reasons and the serious influences of sleep on health. During the research with NITC students, the main aim is to gain the typical feedbacks from the samples which will be chosen in the research, and to compare my forecast with the significant reasons which may cause the differences of sleeping time among students. Furthermore, I aim to Analyse the considerable effects in both advantages and disadvantages as well, and give a conclusion and some appropriate recommendation for persuading the students to take care of their health problems caused by bad sleeping habits. The main questions will be answered in the research include: 1. What are the effects of different sleep patterns on NTIC students? 2. How many people realized the effects are caused by their sleep habits and the different attitudes of facing the effects ? 3. Will someone’s’ sleep habits affect other people or be imitated by other people? 4. Does any effective way exist which can make students sleep regularly? 2. Literature review There have been many...
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...you are cutting your sleep short that you are making your day harder than it has to be and with the proper sleep you could get things done more efficiently. Sleep is something that we all depend on and when we cut it short it leads us to feel tired, moody, and very sluggish. If you continue to get less sleep and it becomes chronic, it can lead to things like weight gain, memory loss, and impairment of motor skills. (Smith, Robinson, Segal 2012) It’s estimated that twelve and a half billion dollars in total damage due to car crashes caused by driver fatigue and fifteen hundred people have died from the fatigue caused by lack of sleep. (Arams) The more sleep you miss out on can contribute to a thing called ‘Sleep debt.’ Just as any debt this is when you are missing out on a lot of sleep. Just how much sleep do we need? Adults need ideally eight to nine hours to feel fully rested and at our peak. (Schwartz, 2011) Teenagers need around eight to ten hours of sleep, and infants need fourteen to fifteen hours of sleep. (Smith, Robinson, Segal 2012) Three good tips to work towards paying off that sleep debt are: go to bed earlier, start winding down at least forty-five minutes before you turn out the light, and writing down what’s on your mind. It’s not just the quantity of sleep that we get it’s also about the quality. There are two forms of sleep, REM (Rapid Eye Movement) and Non-REM. (Chokroverty, 2010) There are three stages of Non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep accounts for around...
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...Are you rushing out of the house with toast dangling from your mouth, or are you casually driving to school in the front of your mother's shiny new van, ten minutes early? Schools across America have been starting school later, so kids can get in that extra hour of sleep. Other schools have kept the usual schedule of starting class at 8:00 am. The starting time for schools shouldn’t be delayed because of transportation, kids after school activities, and the cost. To start of, the schools transportation system would be affected if the starting time changed. According to the Issaquah School District, “Many districts use the same buses for elementary, middle, and high schools.” Changing start time, and bus schedules, could lead to serious safety issues. Students would either have to be at the bus stop early, or walk home in the dark. This could lead to many problems including a higher risk of student victim crimes. Also if students are getting home late, they will have no time for homework causing them to stay up even later to finish...
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...I couldn’t sleep, so I decided to write to you. Okay, I couldn’t sleep because of you. That sounds more truthful. So now I’m grasping at your memory to be “together” in the silence and solitude of this hour. It’s 2am and I have YouTube cranked up to a whisper, playing an instrumental version of “Slow Dancing in a Burning Room” over and over again. I don’t know why that particular song, except that it fits so well in the emptiest hours of the night. And of course, I can’t stop thinking of the girl singing on the top of the hill of Dublin. I want to tell you that I very much enjoyed our night together and I very much want to spend more time with you. The rules of coy manipulation insist that I should never say things like this. But I don’t care....
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...Anthropology Exploration Section A: Americans tend to put a lot emphasis on money and objects; feeling as though what one has is more important than what one owns. In this context, there is a difference between having and owning. Having, I would explain as being in possession of. Owning, I would explain as paid in full. This is problematic because the thought of increasing ones status though vanity causes the American society to place themselves in a huge amount of debt, and eventually, not being able to release that debt, Americans will have a money crisis where there is more debt compared to income. This constant state of consumerism may be because of the consistent product advertisements that are visible everywhere in this society; from social media to driving around town, there seems to no place this population can be free from the advertisements. While reading “Growing Up American” I wondered what it would be like to study abroad, to dive in to a culture completely different then my own. I thought to myself how courageous an individual would have to be to leave their bubble and explore and learn about others. I also found that I can relate to the authors voice in many parts of the article, especially when she spoke of mothering her child. There is a lot I found interesting about this article. One thing I thought was really interesting was that the author mentioned that American parents teach their children to be independent from a young age. I can relate to this observation;...
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...PURPOSELY INDUCED ASC * Consumed substance that slows or depresses the brain and nervous system * Can: impair memory, motor skills, affect emotional responses ect… Define: Hypothetical construct/Psychological – Something we believe exists but cannot be directly measured. INDICATORS OF AN ASC: Physiological (Bodily) * Heart rate (ECG) - may increase during certain ASC involving arousal, but generally will decrease - Eg. Sleeping, meditating * Body temp – Doesn’t change much, but drops about 1 degree whilst sleeping, if it rises too much, resulting in a fever, an ASC may be induced * Galvanic skin response – Indicates skins level of arousal by measuring electrical conductivity - Eg. LOW arousal during sleep,...
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...Brutlag BIOCHEM 158 Due April 08, 2013 Mendelian Disease Case Project 1. The genetic disease I have chosen is narcolepsy. The OMIM url can be found here: http://www.omim.org/entry/161400. 2. 1,2Narcolepsy is a neurologic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime drowsiness and the inability to properly regulate sleep cycles. Thus, narcoleptics experience REM sleep, the deepest stage of sleep when dreaming occurs, within five minutes of sleep onset. Narcoleptics may also experience cataplexy, sudden loss of muscle tone, when experiencing strong emotions including laughter, fear, excitement, etc. When waking up or during sleep onset, narcoleptics often experience sleep paralysis, a temporary state of complete loss of muscle control. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain believes REM sleep is occurring even though one is already awake or just about to sleep so it is easy to see how narcoleptics who have trouble regulating sleep cycles also frequently experience sleep paralysis. Besides sleep paralysis, hallucinations are also common during waking up or sleep onset. For almost all cases, narcolepsy is caused by the lack of a brain neurotransmitter called hypocretin. The shortage then causes a shorter, improperly controlled sleep cycle. 3. Diagnosis of narcolepsy may seem simple enough because of its characteristic cataplexy symptom. However, while almost all cases of cataplexy are tied with narcolepsy, not all cases of narcolepsy are tired with cataplexy...
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...Chapter Overview 5.1 Overview: Consciousness, Brain Activity, Levels of Awareness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.2 Stages of Sleep CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.1 Consciousness and Psychology 5.3 Dreams Theories of Dreams Dreams as a Reflection of Unconscious Wishes 5.2 Sleep Biological Rhythms and Stages of Sleep Sleep Theories Effects of Sleep Deprivation Sleep Disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Parasomnias CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity Dream Contents CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.3 Theories of Dreams 5 Learning Objectives States of Consciousness 5.1 5.2 Define consciousness. Describe how consciousness relates to psychology. Describe the changes in brain wave activity that occur during the different stages of sleep. Understand why sleep deprivation is harmful. Understand why deep sleep is important. Understand why REM sleep is important. Describe some common sleep disorders. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Describe the two main theories of dreams. Explain the two theories of hypnosis. Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation. List and describe the four categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system. 5.4 Hypnosis Critical Thinking About Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered State of Consciousness Role Playing Divided Consciousness 5.6 Drug Use Mechanism of Action of Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Alcohol Narcotics/Opiates Summary of...
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...(2007) 274 – 284 Altered sleep–wake cycles and physical performance in athletes Thomas Reilly ⁎, Ben Edwards Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, United Kingdom Received 14 August 2006; accepted 4 September 2006 Abstract Sleep–waking cycles are fundamental in human circadian rhythms and their disruption can have consequences for behaviour and performance. Such disturbances occur due to domestic or occupational schedules that do not permit normal sleep quotas, rapid travel across multiple meridians and extreme athletic and recreational endeavours where sleep is restricted or totally deprived. There are methodological issues in quantifying the physiological and performance consequences of alterations in the sleep–wake cycle if the effects on circadian rhythms are to be separated from the fatigue process. Individual requirements for sleep show large variations but chronic reduction in sleep can lead to immuno-suppression. There are still unanswered questions about the sleep needs of athletes, the role of ‘power naps’ and the potential for exercise in improving the quality of sleep. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Circadian rhythm; Exercise; Jet-lag; Shift-work 1. Introduction The sleep–wakefulness cycle is the most discernable of human circadian functions, activity being associated with the hours of daylight and sleep with the hours of darkness...
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...human bedroom, only rather too small, lay quiet within its four familiar walls. Above the table on which a collection of cloth samples was unpacked and spread out—Samsa was a traveling salesman—hung the picture which he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and put into a pretty gilt frame. It showed a lady, with a fur hat on and a fur stole, sitting upright and holding out to the spectator a huge fur muff into which the whole of her forearm had vanished! Gregor's eyes turned next to the window, and the overcast sky—one could hear raindrops beating on the window gutter—made him quite melancholy. What about sleeping a little longer and forgetting all this nonsense, he thought, but it could not be done, for he was accustomed to sleep on his right side and in his present condition he could not turn himself over. However violently he forced himself toward his right side he always rolled onto his back again. He tried it at least a hundred times, shutting his eyes to keep from seeing his struggling legs, and only desisted when he began to feel in his side a faint dull ache he had never felt before. Oh God, he thought, what an exhausting job I've picked out for myself! On the road day in, day out. It's much more irritating work than doing the actual business in the home office, and on top of...
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...the first activity to give way is usually sleep. However, the sleep deficit of teenagers today is hampering high school students' achievement. To accommodate for teens' sleep needs, high schools should start later in the day than they do now (based on review of several newspaper articles, it appears that most schools starting times range from 7:00-8:30 a.m.). This action would better satisfy the sleep needs of teenagers, improve their academic performance, be beneficial for families of elementary school students, and increase safety. Delaying the high school schedule, even if only by half an hour, would be beneficial to the sleep needs of teenagers. Studies have shown that after puberty, teenagers require more sleep (about 9.5hrs) but get less sleep (about 7.5hrs). (1) Mary Carskadon of Brown University performed an elaborate scientific study on the sleeping patterns of adolescents. (2) Her research, later verified by other studies, found that not only do teenagers need more sleep, their sleep patterns shift. (3) After puberty, teens' circadian rhythms shift into a delayed phase. Indicators of the circadian rhythms other than the sleep-wake cycle , such as temperature , hormone secretion , and melatonin level , all start and end later in the day than when they had prior to puberty. This is why teenagers would do better to go to bed later and to wake up later. Of course, it would be best for them to use the extra time to get more sleep, but it would be inevitable that several...
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...school, due to the eight and a half hours of sleep I got last night,” said one student. Another student of the same age told her story, however, student number twos story started earlier. “I feel bone-weary exhausted. I had to wake up at 5:30 am in order to take a shower before school. I dozed off to sleep during my first two classes, and I missed half of the notes I had to write down. I could blame this on the sleep I received last night; or should I say the lack of sleep – only six hours.” It is not practical for school to start at 7:20 in the morning, it is just too early for a teenage mind to function properly. In order for students to perform better in academic activities, school should begin later. Starting the day at least one hour later will help improve the students attendance and their participation and attitude. It is a fact that teenagers need between eight and nine hours of sleep (“How Much Sleep Do I Need?” 1), however, it is also a fact that only fifteen percent of teenagers and preteens get the actual amount of sleep that they need (“Write Work” 3). As a teenager myself, I can concur that the average tenth and eleventh grade student falls asleep at around midnight, due to their extracurricular activities and homework. Falling asleep at midnight and having to wake up at 5:30 only gives the teen about five and a half hours of the eight hours of sleep that they need (“How Much Sleep Do I Need? 5). Losing two hours of sleep may not seem like that big of a deal, but...
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...been highly debated for several years. Those who debate this topic usually dispute on whether or not changing the time would be beneficial. Psychologists estimate that as many as 30% of children may have a sleep disorder at some point during childhood. Sleep disorders have implications both for social-emotional adjustment and for school performance. For this reason it is important for both parents and educators to understand how sleep works and how disruptions in normal sleep patterns can affect children and teenagers. Starting school just a half an hour later would benefit the most families and students, and also to accommodate for teens' sleep needs. One of the main beneficial topics to argue for starting school later is attendance. Schools should start later because it is proven that students will have higher attendance. If students can get more sleep, they are more likely to attend school on a regular basis. Studies have shown that after puberty, teenagers require more sleep, around nine and a half hours, and are getting less than needed, around seven hours. Mary Carskadon of Brown University performed an elaborate scientific study on the sleeping patterns of adolescents. Her research, later verified by other studies, found that not only do teenagers need more sleep but their sleeping patterns also shift. After puberty, teens’ sleeping patterns shift into a delayed phase, this means...
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...| The effect of sleep on the psychology and development of children and adolescents. | | | nj26 | | Contents INTRODUCTION 3 Why Is Sleep Relevant to Psychology? 4 What Is Sleep and Why Is It Important 4 Sleep Regulation 4 The Impact of Sleep on Daytime Functioning 5 Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 Early Childhood (12 Months to 6 Years of Age) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 School-Age Years 8 Developmental changes in sleep. 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 8 Adolescence 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 9 Further studies regarding the effect of sleep on the development and psychology of children and adolescents. 9 Sleep and the Body Mass Index and Overweight Status of Children and Adolescents 9 Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years 10 Sleep, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Early-to-Bed as a Healthy and...
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