...THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES by Tehreem Nawaz Literature review The article emphases in a wonderful form of debate, on the basic importance of a discipline “the curricular” and its prerequisite, the curricular of any discipline which should be recognized universally and must have same core topics to be studied round the world. Then Environment Studies would be called discipline. Until 1960s Environmental studies programs in various institutions at different levels had been studied with all the courses of environmental study offered by each educational institution without pre requisite requirement as free-standing programs. Latterly the environmental programs evolved in to desperate fields within forestry and natural resources, to defined environmental studies and the clear statements about its curricular content and educational objectives have remained difficult to describe. For the environmental studies a specific curricular is to be given, has more important and significant. After more than a quarter century old Environment Studies now is in a new phase of growing and expansion, the need for its distinct identity is being more felt. Because of that it is needed to set its curricular with consciences, lest environmental education should not go in some political interests. Present trend is tending to bring environmental studies into a undefined able discipline. ------------------------------------------------- Debate in this article took start from evolution of environmental...
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...Pierre Guillermin Library 12-1-1999 "Global Environmental Problems Require Global Solutions": A Case Study in Ecomessianism Tyler Veak Liberty University, tveak@liberty.edu Wyatt Galusky Morrisville State College, wgalusky@vt.edu Veak, Tyler and Galusky, Wyatt, ""Global Environmental Problems Require Global Solutions": A Case Study in Ecomessianism" (1999). Faculty Publications and Presentations. Paper 15. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lib_fac_pubs/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the A. Pierre Guillermin Library at DigitalCommons@Liberty University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Liberty University. For more information, please contact scholarlycommunication@liberty.edu. "Global Environmental Problems Require Global Solutions": A Case Study in Ecomessianism1 Tyler Veak and Wyatt Galusky2 Abstract Many Western environmental activist groups and theorists have sounded the call for the Earth's salvation from the "global environmental crisis." What is lacking, however, is some reflection on the ramifications of framing the problem globally, and on the justifications for particular solutions. This paper examines the "ecomessiah" (saviors of the Earth) phenomenon to investigate the impacts of these types of programs. Specifically, we examine the "global environmental ethic" proposed by J. Baird Callicott. His program, presented...
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...Preservation, Conservation, and Land Ethics The application of ethical standards to relationships between humans and nonhumans entities is known as environmental ethics. The preservation ethic and the conservation ethic have guided the branches of the environmental movement during the past century. John Muir, a pioneering advocate for the preservation ethic, argued that “nature deserves protection for its own inherent value” (Withgott & Laposata, p.13) and should be untouched. Also, he maintained that nature encouraged happiness in humans. As an example, he wrote, “Places to play in and pray in, where nature may heal and give strength to body and soul alike” (Withgott & Laposata, p.13). In opposition, Gifford Pinchot, founder of what would become the U.S. Forest Service, was a leading supporter of the conservation ethic. According to Withgott and Laposata (2012), Pinchot deemed that we should allocate natural resources within reason (p. 13). In other words, we ought to manage them wisely, not carelessly, so that current and future groups will have sufficient resources. Whereas preservation strives to preserve nature for its own worth and for our enjoyment and spiritual peace, conservation “promotes the prudent, efficient, and sustainable extraction and use of natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations” (Withgott & Laposata, p.13). In my region, the Shenandoah National Forest is complemented by its trees, natural trails, streams, and...
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