...Nelson Mandela en la realización de la igualdad racial y la libertad en Sudáfrica Introducción La figura emblemática de Nelson Mandela se coloca hoy como un símbolo perpetuo de la perseverancia en la larga batalla para desmantelar el apartheid. Fue una batalla para la que estaba "dispuesto a morir por " una lucha no sólo contra la dominación blanca , sino también la dominación negro . Sin embargo, como la época del apartheid llegó a su fin , la cruzada de Mandela para una "nación arco iris " democrático miró con desesperación inalcanzable como Sudáfrica se acercó peligrosamente a descender en el caos total . Sin embargo , Mandela , mucho tiempo activista anti- apartheid y líder en el Congreso Nacional Africano (ANC ) , continuó la lucha por su sueño de una nación multicultural. Algunos han expresado la opinión de que, aunque el Congreso Nacional Africano , fue sin duda un papel decisivo en la revolución pacífica y democrática el fin del apartheid , el propio Mandela era más que una figura decorativa para el ANC en su 1994 victoria electoral y en realidad era la de muchos otros líderes ejecutivos de alto nivel que guiaron la ANC a la victoria. Más importante es la creencia de que la destrucción del sistema de apartheid obsoleta e inhumana fue hace mucho tiempo . Mandela , como líder de la ANC , simplemente el beneficiario de este cambio masivo en la actitud que finalmente resultó en la elección del ANC en 1994 Aunque Mandela , sin duda, tuvo un fuerte complemento de...
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...analysis of apartheid on womens lives in s.a Strategists in the National Party invented apartheid as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. Starting in the 60's, a plan of ``Grand Apartheid'' was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression. With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized. Race laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning of ``white-only'' jobs. In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified into one of three categories: white, black (African), or colored (of mixed decent). The coloured category included major subgroups of Indians and Asians. Classification into these categories was based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent. THE EFFECT OF APARTHEID ON WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS African women in South Africa, being both black and female, suffered a triple oppression. As Africans—which for the most part defines their class position—they had to contend with the restrictive and repressive apartheid legislation, which ensures alien control over all facets of their lives. In addition, as women, they had to contend with the fact that they are regarded as dependants and as inferior to men; as such, they are even further discriminated against...
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...de Johannesburgo. Posteriormente se unió al Congreso Nacional Africano (CNA), organización que se oponía a la discriminación y la explotación excesiva de los sudafricanos negros mediante campañas pacíficas. En 1943, fundó la Liga Juvenil y organizó movilizaciones de protesta contra el sistema de segregación racial: el apartheid. El gobierno de los blancos reprimía violentamente a los manifestantes, por lo que en 1961 Mandela fundó una organización llamada “Lanza de la Nación” (Umkhonto we Sizwe) la que luchaba de una forma armada por los ideales de no discriminación e igualdad para todos los ciudadanos. Debido a esto es capturado al siguiente año, sometido a juicio y considerado culpable. Pasó 27 años preso en la isla Robben, frente a Ciudad del Cabo. En los siguientes años sus colaboradores y seguidores continuaron luchando contra el apartheid dentro y fuera de Sudáfrica, por lo que varios gobiernos del mundo empezaron a exigir la libertad de Mandela y la abolición de la segregación racial. Recién en 1990 el presidente Frederik de Klerk finalmente liberó a Nelson Mandela. En los siguientes meses ambos líderes negociaron la eliminación del apartheid, la que quedó derogada oficialmente en 1991. Fueron galardonados con el Premio Nobel de la Paz en 1993. En 1994, Mandela fue elegido presidente de Sudáfrica y gobernó hasta 1999. En este periodo se esforzó por reconciliar a los sudafricanos y contribuyó en el cese de varias guerras del continente. Invictus Tal como...
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...Is it fair to prosecute someone for breaking an unjust law? Alan Paton’s Too Late the Phalarope, set in Apartheid South Africa, analyzes this dilemma through the story of Pieter van Vlaanderen, a white South African police lieutenant, who must battle the criticism of a stringent community, his family, and his own perception of morality. As a lieutenant and a star rugby player, Pieter is a well-respected member of his society, yet he begins to have sexual relations with a young, black girl named Stephanie, in direct violation of the Immorality Act of 1927. Pieter is a family man who cheats on his wife, and a police lieutenant who breaks the law. One would think that the reader would have no sympathy for Pieter—in fact, it is quite the opposite. Through Pieter’s “social death,” Paton garners sympathy for Pieter’s tragedy, and ultimately unveils the repressed society as the “tragic figure,” thus conveying a more universal political message. Paton uses this compassion as a vessel to expose and criticize an unjust society, in which an affair of the heart can result in imprisonment. Through displaying Pieter’s inner-turmoil, Paton weaves a portrait of a troubled and alone Pieter who needs support and intimacy to avoid his self-destruction. Sophie, Pieter’s aunt and the story’s narrator, begins the novel saying, “[p]erhaps I could have saved him, with only a word, two words, out of my mouth” (9). Although the reader has no personal connection with either Sophie or Pieter, the...
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...bucket with water in, but it is barely clean, the guards are very rude, because the prisoners are treated like garbage. It is a very mental travel for her, she says that she talks to herself at night, the cell is almost claustrophobic and there is no bed, which may be the cause that she suffers from an sleeping disorder named acute insomnia. She tells us how they humiliate the prisoners by inspecting them, naked, they inspect all the areas of the body, also the intimate ones, if she did not have children she would have committed suicide she tells us. In the end we get to know about how the visiting system works, and how paranoid the warders are. Gives us a method of the security police who used to crush any opposition to the apartheid system Apartheid is where people were separated from each other because of the race. Big part of the black people were sent back to their own country. 1. It was under a terrorism act, which happened in 1969. She tells about how horrible the environment are. It means that the Security Branch have to read each and every letter in the house. If they find something wrong, they will get in the prison. 2. We know about the social life inside the prison, which is also terrifying f.eks. no one really interacts with one another. The prisoners have to deal with themselves and their hygiene. They don't get any good opportunities to wash and sometimes they get a bucket with water in, but it isn't...
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...Zulu’s but in the process the engine failed but he remained very calm reading his newspaper something that made his fellow passengers to calm down despite the danger at hand. Though he admitted later he very terrified up there when the situation at hand was nicely solved. During his trials he did let people know that he was afraid because he had to inspire them. At the robin islands where he was jailed he pretended to be calm yet he was afraid just to make other prisoners to calm down though there was fear. To be an effective leader you must lead from the front but you should not leave your base behind. As Mandela understood this when he went for operation for his enlarged prostrate he took that opportunity to begin negotiations with apartheid government. This was the smallest opportunity he had got after 21 years in jail. He explained this to the members of ANC about what he was doing despite fear that he had lost it all. He then let them to move on after understanding his motive. He believed that success was on its way but it was not known when. Mandela was always smart in appearance despite being a poor law...
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...I would love to know why Just the mere thought of you Keeps me absolutely restless At the oddest hours of the day, But I know it’s because of my silence. All those times in the past I couldn’t speak up because I was weak. I couldn’t speak up because I was afraid that just like in the past, I would be lynched for my color, For my religion, For my association. I was afraid. You’d cry I’d run away. You’d scream I’d turn away. I haven’t held your hand all of these years, But…. I was scared. I know now that Solidarity is a weapon. Words are weapons. Art is a weapon. Mahmoud Darwish, Allah yerhamou, taught me that. Rumi, Allah yerhamou, taught me that. So let me begin: Zionist missiles into Lebanon, Hezbollah blamed by Israel again Hamas defense against occupation Implicitly sanctioned by United Nations Expansion in West Bank funded by the World Bank Kids with no shoes throwing stones at the tanks $30 billion from Obama through tax that you paid Given to Israel in the next decade Leaving the country is now deemed a crime Crossing the road crosses enemy lines Penning them in or forcing them out Human rights law is something to flout Gaza, a death zone, kids without homes Crying for Daddy who will never come home. Abused turned abuser, Zionists claim That 'holocaust' only refers to their pain. Recreating scenes from the Nazi Regime What does extermination of the Palestinians mean? Now in exile from their homeland An exodus after a...
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...mention Nelson Mandela, the very first black president of South Africa. He was elected in a fully representative democratic election. His life and his leadership are inspirations for many people to learn from. Nelson Mandela’s’ full name is Rolihlahla Mandela. He was born on 18 July, 1918 to a royal family. Being born and raised during his country was in chaotic, as well as hearing the elders’ stories of his ancestors’ valor during the wars of resistance, he dreamed of also making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people. Due of his continuous activities, campaigns, and protests evolved in against Apartheid, he served 27 years in prison. His prison sentence brought international visibility to the anti-apartheid movement. He was finally released through international pressure in 1990. Once released from prison, Nelson continued his campaign to end apartheid. His hard work and life long effort paid off when all races were allowed to vote in the 1994 election. Nelson Mandela won the election and became president of South Africa. There were several times during the process where violence threatened to break out. Nelson was a strong force in keeping the calm and preventing a major civil war (Brown, 2014). There are eight...
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...Part 1 ISAIAH Grace Marshall Year 10 1. Who was this prophet? Is the son of Amoz, was a member of the royal family. A prophet in Jerusalem; 40 years 740-701 B.C. He had great religious and political influence during the reign of Hezekiah. Isaiah is the most quoted of all prophets. 2. What were they concerned about? Faithfulness to god, justice for the poor, hope for the future, messianic prophesies, god as lord of all nations. 3. Where did they preach their message? Isaiah 1: Israel, in a time of war and strife. They knew that they were going to have to go to battle but were unsure that God would defend them as they were not obeying his rules. that if they return to God their homeland will be returned too. Isaiah 3: Israel , Having turned back to God they have their homeland back but Isaiah is warning against becoming complacent again. 4. When did the prophet live? 742-500 B.C. Isaiah 1: 6th century Isaiah 2: 8th century Isaiah 3: a short while after the return from exile 5. How did the prophet communicate god’s message to the people? Poetry, narrative, and example. 1. Warning the people 2. Redemption 3. Redeemed them – keeping the good up. 6. Quotes. The Spirit of the Sovereign Lord is on me, because the Lord has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the prisoners * He was...
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...ABSTRACT Shards of Memories, Fragments of Sorrows: Mothertongue Transforming Spaces Occupied by Women in South Africa through Theatre This paper sets out to explore how processes of theatre making employed by The Mothertongue project, provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Mothertongue works from the premise that the development and subsequent performance of stories in theatrical processes affords women the opportunity to re-write and remap their personal narratives and in so doing insert their voices into the landscape of South African Theatre. In an attempt to redress the gender imbalances and androcentricism prevalent in post-apartheid theatre, this paper speaks to the relationship between theatre, liminality and communitas. I am interested in unpacking how collaborative processes of theatre-making provide spaces for women to remap their personal narratives. Remapping in this instance refers to processes of transforming lived experience through story. I address how, through engaging in ritual activities that are central to the stories performed, actors, audiences and the owners of the source stories are invited to physically participate in remapping and transforming lived experience. Linked to this is the choice of form(s) and how this affects or impacts on the performed stories as well as on the construction of performed rituals and ultimately on the processes of remapping personal narratives. I focus specifically on Mothertongue’s 2004...
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...personality and capabilities which is used to make effective decisions such as those in the selection process. Psychological assessment is also referred to as psychological testing, or performing a psychological battery on a person. The South African Context Psychological assessment has developed considerably compared to the past during period the apartheid era. This is mainly due to the introduction of Employment Equity and Affirmative Action in South Africa which brought about an immense amount of changes especially in that of procedures taken in the workplace. Changes had to be made to incorporate the diversity that is experienced in South Africa, aswell as incorporating new legislation. Various factors in South African workplaces ranging from unemployment and equity considerations to rapid occupational change driven by technological inputs, have placed greater emphasis on effective selection and development of human resources. This leads to greater demands on psychological assessment in the organizational setting with respect to ensuring responsible, ethical and equitable assessment. (Paterson; 2005:pg12) Post-apartheid psychological assessors started to realize that the selection process was indeed unfair and not equitable; they became aware of new assessment measures that could be incorporated into the South African workforce because it dealt with Multi-cultural tests, these tests helped measure performance of the current state and also helped for future selection...
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...The Apartheid in South Africa: An Informative Speech on the effects of Apartheid Victoria Druehl University of Connecticut The Apartheid in South Africa: An Informative Speech on the effects of Apartheid Introduction I. With South Africa being the first country in the world to officially legalize racism, and 30,000 deaths later, you think most people would be informed of such a mass murder that had taken place not many years ago. II. Apartheid, Afrikaans literal meaning of “Separateness or apartness,” was a system of legal, racial segregation laws enforced by the National Party government of South Africa. III. It is important to know what the people of that country have gone through to get to where they are today. IV. I would like to inform everyone on what apartheid is, what laws were implemented and enforced and the effects it had on the country. TRANSITION: In high school history we were taught about Spanish explorers, the Holocaust, the Roman Empire, Napoleon, and Jim Crow laws- but we were never taught about the apartheid in South Africa? Body I. How could we be so clueless to, quite possibly, the most influential event in the lives of many South Africans? A. In 1948, right after WWII, apartheid as an official policy was first introduced. It was an expansion of existing policies combined with a new system of institutionalized racism and white domination. 1. At the time, Whites had complete political control over all other racial groups...
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...The term apartheid was introduced during the 1948 election campaign by DF Malan’s Herenidge Nasionale Party (HNP). According to the international encyclopedia of the social sciences apartheid is defined as a word in Afrikaans that originally meant “apartness” or “separateness.” Now it is the internationally recognized term for the policies of strict racial segregation and political and economic domination of blacks (Africans, “Coloreds,” and Asians) pursued by the National Party government of South Africa. According to Anthony Lemon of Geographic Review, apartheid can be described as the most ambitious contemporary exercise in applied geography which shaped South Africa’s social, economic and political geography to an extent more usually associated with the command economies of former communist countries. Throughout the history of South Africa there has been a division between whites and blacks but in the 1960s South Africa had a high economic growth, trade with Western countries grew, and investors from the United States, France and Britain wanted a piece of the action which crushed the resistance among blacks. Since 1964, Mandela, leader of the African National Congress, had been in prison on Robben Island just off the coast from Capetown, and it appeared that South Africa’s security forces could handle any resistance to apartheid. In the seventies the white supremacy of South Africa began fading. In 1976 South Africa’s Nationalist Party passed a law prohibiting instruction...
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...The Journey to the Brothers’ Farm The apartheid era in South Africa caused a separation between black and white people. The white people had the upper hand, because they had a way stronger financial background, which enabled them to employ black people to work for them. The black people were therefore undermined, and they worked as slaves. This problem is processed in the short story “The Journey to the Brothers’ Farm”, in which we are introduced to a girl named Annelie. She lives in South Africa, and has experienced terrible things, where she has experienced apartheid at first hand. The composition of the story is very interesting as it is build up in two parts. The part written in italic contains a statement received by the Tweekopfentein Police Station, and contains the things that are important to cover the police investigation and nothing more. The part written in normal typing contains a story of the whole course. It is a special way of building a short story, and it works very effectively, because you become aware of the fact that a criminal act has taken place. The first part of the story contains a description of her childhood. A lady named Miss Kotzee reads a story about a girl called Dulcina, a beautiful girl with white skin, flaxen hair of the purest silk, and fine bones. As she has read the story Annelie starts to wonder whether if she can obtain same fortune herself. She therefore asks Miss Kotzee if she can: “Do you think a prince would ever want to marry...
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...As a HR director Identify specific legal and ethical issues that should be considered before, during, and after the merge.Develop an implementation plan for managing the potential legal and ethical concerns for the merger Firms must thrive in an environment characterized by uncertainty and unpredictability as a result of constant technological, social, political and economic changes. Organizations thus find themselves in dynamic contexts which demand constant adaptation. In such environment, firms necessitate an effective leadership to guide them through changes that are likely to become difficult for the organization Firms need a vital transformation in order to reinvent themselves. In this sense, organizations require revamping their organizational cultures in order to affect the necessary changes. Transformational leadership is about renovating an organization; it is about transmuting the firm following a new vision which will lead to the evolution of the organization’s culture (see Tichy and Ulrich, 1984). The key attributes of the transformational style of leadership are trusting relationships, and shared vision. These attributes are required of a transformational leader because leaders will be able to create a team environment and have open communication with every employee. This allows the leader to share the vision of the company which makes the leader seem more trustworthy and transparent. A shared vision will also allow the leader and...
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