... It is concerned with the whole person, the relationships between individuals and their environments and the wider forces that shape health. However, this essay is going to focus health promotion on coronary heart disease .In this context, the role of health promotion is in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease. Heart disease comes in many different forms. The most common type of heart disease in Britain and in other Western countries is coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary heart disease (CHD) also known as ischaemic heart disease, is the UK's biggest killer, causing around 82,000 deaths each year. About one in five men and one in eight women die from the disease. There are an estimated number of 2.7million people living with the condition and 2million people affected by angina, the most common symptom of coronary heart disease. In 1989, 92,480 men and 76,421 women died from coronary heart disease, an average of 460 people (the coronary prevention group, 1991). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits on the walls of the arteries around the heart (coronary arteries). The fatty deposits, called atheroma, are made up of cholesterol and other waste substances. The build-up of atheroma on the walls of the coronary arteries makes the arteries narrower and restricts the flow of blood to the heart. This process is called atherosclerosis. The risk of developing atherosclerosis is significantly increased...
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...GLOBAL VARIATIONS OF CHRONIC DISEASE Name: Institution: Chronic diseases all around the world have been causing lots deaths and having devastating effects on families (CDC, 2011). In this essay, I will discuss coronary heart disease symptoms, detection, prevention, causal mechanisms, treatment, and effects. I will also analyze its global variations and recommend how public health officers can be able to promote prevention and treatment measures. Coronary heart disease is a disease that develops over a long time. This disease involves accumulation or deposition of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscles with oxygen and nourishments. The plaque hardens with time and it can burst at time and formation of a clot can occur in the artery causing more narrowing or blockage. In the long run, the accumulation leads to a decrease of the coronary artery diameter. This causes limitation of the oxygen and other nourishments supplied to the heart muscles. This weakens the heart muscles hence impairing the function of the heart resulting to angina, myocardial infarction, heart attack/heart failure and finally death (Krasner & Riegelman, 2013). A coronary heart disease has several causes or factors that are affiliated to it. These factors are classified into modifiable and non-modifiable depending on whether they can be prevented or not. Some of the modifiable factors are: smoking...
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...technology that will provide great health benefits to the patients and is more cost effective then traditional methods like coronary bypass. Coronary heart bypass has a number of disadvantages, for example, procedure can not be carried out if patient has not got a vessel with a sufficient quality standard. Also a coronary heart bypass procedure is a long duration operation and has a higher risk of further infections with additional pain and discomfort for the patients. Use of artificial blood vessels provide a more advantageous type of surgical procedure for patients and surgeons, reducing time, risk of infection and pain in...
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...Holistic Account of Care for a Patient or Client with Complex Needs What are complex needs? Who has them? It could be argued that everyone's needs are complex and as such, complex needs have been difficult to define (Rosengard et al., 2007). This essay intends to use literature to outline a systematic and holistic approach to care of a patient's complex needs. The nursing process and its framework of assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation will be utilised to provide a patient centred approach (Castledine, 2011). Rankin and Regan (2004) described complex needs as being a framework rather than a label that determines service eligibility. The needs of people include breadth (range of need) and depth (severity); these factors have to be taken into account when providing holistic care. Holistic care is defined as an approach which takes into consideration the physical, mental and social factors in an illness, rather than just the disease itself (Martin, 2010). The person this essay will centre around gave informed consent to have their notes consulted with the intention to write this essay, in line with the Nursing and Midwifery Council's (NMC) The Code (2008). There are seven elements to informed consent; competence to decide, voluntariness to decide, disclosure of information, recommendation of a plan, understanding of the disclosure and recommendation, decision of the plan and authorising of the plan (Beauchamp & Childress, 1994 pp. 145-146). In line with the...
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...National University of Chimborazo Medical English Medical Essay Name: Lisset Alcozer Course: 8th Semester Metabolic Syndrome in young adult people can reduce Life expectation The definition of metabolic syndrome is quite tricky, because it represents a condition where several diseases converge. The problem comes when this condition gets chronic, and slowly damages in an irreversible way our body, causing an early death in relatively young patients. The main diseases that will decrease life expectation present in the metabolic syndrome are: diabetes, obesity and arterial hypertension. The mechanism in which diabetes will decrease life expectation according to Texas Heart Institute is because hyperglycemia or, high levels of glucose on the blood, can be toxic to several organs, like blood vessels and heart. This alteration share a same physiopathology, glucose causes a direct damage on the endothelium, causing the LDL-Cholesterol to accumulate in the muscular layer of the arteries, eventually obstructing the arteries lumen and causing ischemia, which can be avoided by collateral circulation in certain parts of the body, but if this affects the coronary arteries the heart will suffer from an ischemic heart disease, that if its massive enough will end the life of the patient. (Institute, Texas Heart, 2015) Obesity can decrease a patient’s life expectation in a similar way as the one described earlier...
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...The aim of this essay is to explore an acute deterioration in the health of an adult I have encountered during a clinical placement, in an acute care setting. The essay will begin with a definition of acute care, followed by the introduction of my patient and predisposing factors. This essay will include an explanation of the significant pathophysiological changes and related clinical manifestations and a critical analysis of the nursing interventions implemented during the acute episode of care, focusing on holistic care, rationale and evidence base. It will then describe the actual deterioration in the patient’s condition, and discuss the nurse’s role in the recognition and assessment of the actual deteriorating condition following the trusts policies. Assessment tools, monitoring, detecting and reporting will be considered. Finally this essay will include a discussion of the importance of multidisciplinary team collaboration in the diagnosis and provision of care during the acute episode, and a discussion on whether the deterioration could have been prevented by identifying any areas of practice which could change in relation to evidence based practice. For the purposes of privacy and confidentiality, in accordance with NMC (2008) code of conduct, the name of the patient will be changed to Peter and the placement area will remain as an acute care setting. According to McFerran (2008) the term “acute” is described as a disease of rapid onset, severe symptoms, and brief duration...
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...has historically been carried out in search for humours, worms, miasmas and divine spells to explain what caused illness and death. However, as ‘scientific’ thinking advanced, there was a desire to understand disease based on the empirical evidence obtained from post-mortem examinations.1 This gave birth to one of the most important gold standards of diagnosis, a great tool for medical audit and probably the best teaching method of medicine – the autopsy. The words ‘autopsy’, ‘necropsy’ and ‘post-mortem examination’ are synonymous with each other and refer to the investigation of the human body involving an external examination followed by the dissections of the head, thorax and the abdomen. The word autopsy literally means ‘to see for oneself’. Autopsy rates in the United Kingdom (UK) currently stand at 21.9%, out of which only 0.4% are not requested by a coroner and the most common request for an autopsy occurs in cases of unexpected deaths where the cause is not apparent. Autopsies are also carried out for determination of manner of death, evaluation of ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis, epidemiological purposes, survey outbreaks, medical audit, research, teaching, forensic purposes and to enlighten/reassure families or inform then of hereditary diseases. Despite the well-recognised importance of autopsies in twenty-first century medicine, there has been a huge decline in autopsy rates across the world, causing concern amongst the medical community. Factors...
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...AAS-MBIC 117 Medical Office Procedures Week One Assignment Judy Potts ASIAN- INDIANS While working in a healthcare environment, you will most likely interact with many different diversities and cultures.It is imperative to acknowledge their culture and treat them with the utmost respect. Be kind and sensitive to the patient's beliefs, faiths and make them feel at ease and comfortable in getting healthcare.As there may be a difference in language, gestures or customs we are all human and seek respect and kindness. In the Asia- Indian culture, the predominant religion is Hinduism. They are an English speaking country, as well as speaking one or more of 20 languages spoken in India with more than 200 dialects.The language...
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...College of Health and Life Sciences Department of Life Sciences Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences SP 1804 Introduction of Physical Activity Health and Wellbeing ASSESSED COURSEWORK Part 1 Essay Part 2 Conference Reviews STUDENT ID 1541706 WORD COUNT ESSAY 2000 WORD COUNT CONFERENCE REVIEW 1 1000 WORD COUNT CONFERENCE REVIEW 2 1000 Study Block Leader Dr Louise Mansfield Within this essay I have demonstrated a clear understanding of the ways that physical activity can contribute to physical, psychological and social improvements in health and wellbeing. According to World Health Organisation, WHO, Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure, (WHO, 2015). There are various concepts on health and wellbeing and remains a complex subject but according to Claude Bouchard, Health is a human condition with physical, psychological, social dimensions, each characterized on a continuum with positive and negative poles. Positive health is associated with capacity to enjoy life and withstand challenges; it is not merely the absence of disease. (Bouchard, 1990). Wellbeing is often described as a sense of good feeling and functioning well, this includes having a fair share of material recourses, influence and control, sense of meaning, belonging and connection with people and the capability to manage problems and change. (Wellbeingenterprises.org.uk, 2015) The human body has...
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...For the purpose of this essay, the chosen aspect of care for the management of COPD is oxygen therapy, which is the medical intervention for administering oxygen. Oxygen therapy has been found to be beneficial in reducing breathlessness and increasing exercise tolerance (Journal of Community Nursing, (Edwards) 2005). However, the British Thoracic Society (2008) state that oxygen is a treatment for hypoxamia and, not for breathlessness because oxygen has not been shown to have any effect on the sensation of breathlessness in non-hypoxaemic patients. COPD is a disease that progresses slowly, as a result many other pathological occur, where people cannot breathe in and out properly because of long-term damage to the lungs, and it disrupts the normal ventilation and perfusion process of the lungs (Nurse Prescribing, Barnet, M. 2007). COPD damages airways in the lungs and causes them to narrow, which in turn makes it harder for air to enter and exit the lungs (British Lung Foundation, 2007). The narrowing and blockage of the airways are due to the increasing production of mucous and thickening of the airway walls. Over time, there is also damage to the air sacs where oxygen passes from air into the blood and the changes start with inflammation in the airways. This is the body’s way to responding to harmful substances, often due to cigarette smoking, over a length of time (NICE, 2008). There are over 900,000 patients diagnosed with COPD in the UK currently, and it...
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...testing.” Animal testing has raised huge debates worldwide that has raised many questions. How important is animal testing for us humans? Are the results going to be the same? Most importantly, should we ban animal testing for the sake of the animals? Animal testing is a phrase that most people have heard but are perhaps still unsure of exactly what is involved. Whether it is called animal testing, animal experimentation or animal research, it refers to the experimentation carried out on animals. It is used to assess the safety and effectiveness of everything from medication to cosmetics, as well as understanding how the human body works. Animal testing, also known as animal research, plays a crucial role in scientists' understanding of diseases and in the development of effective medical treatments. Research animals provide scientists with complex living systems consisting of cells, tissues and organs. Animal models can interact and react to stimuli, giving researchers a picture of a compound moving through a living system and an idea of how those stimuli might react in a human being. Animals are biologically similar to...
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...Essay: Male and Female Reproductive System Do you know how you were born? Do you know how you came to be? The reproductive system is the system that made that all possible. Without the reproductive system you wouldn’t have been born. In order to produce offspring, the male and female reproductive systems have to be different. Each system has different parts, problems and care. Each system have different purposes, the male reproductive system’s function is to produce sperm, while the female reproductive system’s function is to produce ova, store ova and house a fertilized egg. The male reproductive system is divided into two categories: internal and external reproductive organs. External organs are outside the body and internal organs are inside the body. The external reproductive organs are the penis, testes, scrotum, epididymis, and somniferous tubules, which are in the testes. The penis allows liquid waste and semen to leave the body. The testes, which are comprised of somniferous tubules, produce sperm. Sperm mixes with seminal fluids to produce semen. Semen is released through the penis and sperm in the seminal fluid has the ability to fertilize an egg. The scrotum protects and holds the testes and epididymis. The epididymis stores sperm. It also allows them to mature The internal reproductive organs are the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, Cowper’s gland, and the prostate gland. The vas deferens extends from each epididymis. They allow the sperm to leave the scrotum...
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...Health and Human Services, smoking is very harmful to the human body (USDHHS). Studies have shown that more than 20 million people have died as a result of cigarette smoking and more than 16 million people have a chronic illness that is associated with cigarette smoking. Additionally, records indicate that 2.5 million deaths are due to second-hand smoke exposure (Betobaccofree). Various health problems that are linked to cigarette smoking include: lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, coronary artery disease, throat cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and kidney cancer (Betobaccofree). Cigarette Smoking has been a well-known health hazard for some time; however, it continues to be a very popular recreational activity among various groups of people. There are a few groups that support tobacco smoking and believe that controlling an individual’s rights to smoking is wrong, despite the negative health outcomes. The Heartland Institute wrote an essay defending tobacco smokers in the US. They pinpoint issues such as: higher taxes on cigarettes being unfair, smoking bans damaging small businesses, and the violation of private rights. They believe that the public health...
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...“Stress” is very difficult to define, it can be thought of as a physical response of the body which presents itself whenever we must adapt to changing conditions. These conditions can be real or perceived, and positive or negative. Everybody endures stress in their lives, but people respond to stress differently. Some people are affected by stress severely which can lead to illness, while other people cope with stress particularly well and are unfazed by it. This can be because of individual differences such as our genes, environment and personality. This essay will aim to explain the relationship between stress and how different personality types are affected by it. Cannon (1929) claimed that stress activates the process to appraise or evaluate and then respond to threats or challenges which threaten us. Stress causes a surge of hormones in your body such as cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline. These stress hormones are released to boost your ability to deal with pressures or threats; this can be described as “fight or flight”. Once the pressure or threat has passed then stress hormone levels will return to normal. But if you are constantly under stress or threat then these hormones remain in the body causing the negative effects of stress. The events which can provoke stress are those that are perceived as negative and uncontrollable such as catastrophic events like earthquakes or significant life changes such as divorce (Myers, 2002). Personality characteristics...
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...Birth Control, Pregnancy, Most common Types of Cancers and Cardio metabolic. SCI/163 ELEMENTS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS Instructor: Deborah Stevens September 21, 2010 Team A Essay 1. Based on the Methods of Fertility Management section of Ch. six of the text. What are the guidelines recommended to evaluate the risk of contraceptive? Why is it important to be aware of any medical conditions before selecting a contraceptive? There are different types of contraceptives methods with different levels of effectiveness in preventing pregnancy and sexual transmitted infections and issues to think about as cost, and health risk associated with a particular method. The term contraception refers to methods of preventing conception. These methods offer varying degrees of control over when and whether pregnancies occur. Society has searched for simple, infallible, and risk-free way to prevent pregnancy since people first associated sexual activities with pregnancy. But doctors or scientist has not found one yet. To evaluate the effectiveness of particular contraceptive method, we must be familiar with two concepts: perfect failure rate and typical use failure rate. Perfect failure rate refers to the number of pregnancies that are likely to occur in the first year of use(per 100 uses of the method during sexual intercourse) The typical use information is much more practical in helping people make informed decisions about contraceptive methods. Some contraceptive methods can...
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