...The full title of the first edition of Malthus' essay was "An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it affects the Future Improvement of Society with remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers." The speculations and other writers are explained below. William Godwin had published his utopian work Enquiry concerning Political Justice in 1793, with later editions in 1796 and 1798. Also, Of Avarice and Profusion (1797). Malthus' remarks on Godwin's work spans chapters 10 through 15 (inclusive) out of nineteen. Godwin responded with Of Population (1820). The Marquis de Condorcet had published his utopian vision of social progress and the perfectibility of man Esquisse d'un Tableau Historique des Progres de l'Espirit Humain (The Future Progress of the Human Mind) in 1794. Malthus' remarks on Condorcet's work spans chapters 8 and 9. Malthus' essay was in response to these utopian visions, as he argued: "This natural inequality of the two powers, of population, and of production of the earth, and that great law of our nature which must constantly keep their effects equal, form the great difficulty that appears to me insurmountable in the way to the perfectibility of society." The "Other writers" included Robert Wallace, Adam Smith, Richard Price, and David Hume. Malthus himself claimed: "The only authors from whose writings I had deduced the principle, which formed the main argument of the Essay, were Hume, Wallace, Adam Smith, and Dr. Price ...
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...ESSAY: THOMAS MALTHUS Born: 13-Feb-1766 Birthplace: Rookery, near Dorking, Surrey, England Died: 29-Dec-1834 Location of death: St. Catherine, near Bath, England Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, Bath Abbey, Bath, England Gender: Male Race or Ethnicity: White Occupation: Economist Nationality: England What many know, at least those with an elementary knowledge of economics or politics, is that Malthus is the surname of a man, who, a couple of hundred years back, said that man, sooner or later, universally, will run up against himself; that the population of mankind will eventually outstrip man's ability to supply himself with the necessities of life. The Malthusian doctrine, as stated in "Essay on the Principle of Population," was expressed as follows: "population increases in a geometric ratio, while the means of subsistence increases in an arithmetic ratio." Well, that seems plain enough, and perfectly understandable, if there is too many people and not enough food, then, certainly, there is going to be problems. Malthus developed his theory, at least to this extent: that left alone, no matter all the problems short of worldwide catastrophe, humankind will survive, as, nature has a natural way to cut population levels: "crime, disease, war, and vice," being, the necessary checks on population." This proposition, as was made by Malthus in 1798, was to cause quite a public stir, then, and yet today. The English economist Thomas Robert Malthus, b....
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..."In October 1838, that is, fifteen months after I had begun my systematic inquiry, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long- continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The results of this would be the formation of a new species. Here, then I had at last got a theory by which to work". Charles Darwin, from his autobiography. (1876) This often quoted passage reflects the significance Darwin affords Malthus in formulating his theory of Natural Selection. What "struck" Darwin in Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) was Malthus's observation that in nature plants and animals produce far more offspring than can survive, and that Man too is capable of overproducing if left unchecked. Malthus concluded that unless family size was regulated, man's misery of famine would become globally epidemic and eventually consume Man. Malthus' view that poverty and famine were natural outcomes of population growth and food supply was not popular among social reformers who believed that with proper social structures, all ills of man could be eradicated. Although Malthus thought famine and poverty natural outcomes, the ultimate reason for those outcomes was divine institution. He believed that such natural outcomes were God's...
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...Michelle Panazzolo May 8, 2008 Sociology Grigoris Argeros Population Growth According to Thomas Malthus Throughout history, many people have made assumptions and expectations on population growth. Over the past two centuries, birthrates have dramatically increased; meanwhile death rates have significantly decreased. One influential person to discuss this phenomenon was Thomas Robert Malthus. According to Malthus, the population is growing much more rapidly than the resources available to the population. Throughout his six editions of An Essay on the Principle of Population, Malthus explains his ideas about population growth, which he believes will eventually lead to famine, war, or other epidemics. On February 13, 1766, Thomas Robert Malthus was born to Daniel and Henrietta Malthus in Guildford, Surrey. His father Daniel was friends with philosophers David Hume and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and was in a prosperous family. He was home schooled at a young age, and then went on to attend the Dissenting Academy in Warrington before his acceptance to the Jesus College in Cambridge. At the Jesus College, Malthus majored in Mathematics but won many prizes in English declamation, along with other subjects. After earning his Masters Degree in 1791, he was elected as a fellow of Jesus College, taking orders and becoming an Anglican country parson. On April 12, 1804, Malthus married Harriet Eckersall;...
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... Many countries in the world are facing a global phenomenon known as the- aging population. An aging population happens when there is an increase in the median age due to surge in the “life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates” in a country (1). According to the report by the United Nation in the Population division, this occurrence though thought to be predominantly in the developed countries, is spreading to the developing countries as well (1). One of the associated problem that comes with an expanding aging population is the rising economic burden on the healthcare sector. Loss of independence and decline in functional status in the older person had been cited as one of the major factors on the healthcare financial uptake (2). If we could find ways to stop or minimize this, then it could reduce the economic healthcare...
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...Vulnerable Population Essay Carly Rauch Wheeling Jesuit University MSN 525 April 04, 2013 Vulnerable Population Essay A vulnerable population is the state of a population or individual being vulnerable to a specific event or disease. A vulnerable population is a group of individuals who are in some way disadvantaged particularly having limited resources to healthcare. Vulnerable populations lack equity socially, demographically, geographically, and economically (Shi & Singh, 2013). These populations groups include ethnic and racial minorities, individuals who reside in rural areas, uninsured women and children, the mentally ill individuals, the disabled and chronically ill individuals, those affected by HIV, and the homeless. Vulnerability is determined by a merging of enabling, predisposing, and characteristic needs at both the contextual and ecological levels. These three characteristics of vulnerability not only determine one’s accessibility to health care, but also influences ultimately an individuals’ risk of developing an illness or even recovering from their illness if already sick (Shi & Singh, 2013). Belief systems, demographic characteristics, and social structures are attributes that predispose individuals to vulnerability. Vulnerability statue is greatly influenced by these attributes due to their association with access to resources, health behaviors, social position, and health status variations. Predisposing attributes are difficult to...
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...Running Head: Vulnerable population Name: Institution: Date: Definition and Identification Over the years, HIV has killed millions of people around the world. African Americans living in the United States represent one of the groups that are adversely affected by HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) refers to a virus that attacks one’s immune system which represents the natural defense system of a human body. When this defense system becomes weak, the body becomes susceptible to various diseases and infections. The virus that attacks the immune system as well as the infection that affects the body as a result of the weak immune system is called HIV. In 2014 alone, 5,128 African American women were diagnosed with HIV compared to 1,483 white women and 1,350 Latino/Hispanic women in the USA (CDC, 2016). This study is going to investigate the problem of HIV among this vulnerable population. The study will also investigate the risk factors of HIV among this population. Finally, the study is going to discuss the nursing implications. Problems, Susceptibility, Exposures and Frequency An earlier report by Global-Campaign in 2006 indicated that of the total population of the United States, African Americans only account for 13 percent. However, African Americans account for more than half of all the new HIV cases in the U.S. especially the women, making them a vulnerable community (Ragsdale-Hearns, 2012). This high frequency rates among them is due to various problems and...
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...Although aspects, such as population growth, health and education were emphasized almost a hundred years ago, for decades some developing countries are still not doing good at their economic development in terms of population growth, health and education. In 2013, the world has a population of about 7.2 billion, and at the same time, it was expected that population would rise by 0.9 billion in 2025 and reach 9.6 billion approximately by the year 2050. Will a developing country become a developed country because of rapid and positive population growth? No in general, rapid population growths in China and India tell us how problems like hunger and health issues are made and such problems lead to economic growth is slower than population growth....
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...The population law in China is a law invented in the late 1970s by the government in china. To begin with there was only a one child policy where a soon to be mother could only have one baby. If the mother were to be pregnant with twins or triplets they would be aborted immediately. A couple of years later announced that if you were the only sibling in your family you were able to have two children.This law has created less population decreasing traffic on roads having plenty of space and homes for families. But it has also created ghost cities a ghost city is a city where barely anyone lives in and is very hard to make a living there for lack of customers. This law has also created “ hidden children “ where children are born secretly and have no identity .That is why China's violation law should be abolished because The law violates...
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...Population Health, Part 2 Tobacco Use as Behavioral Risk Factor and its Impact With the rising expenditure of healthcare, focus should be on health promotion. The expenses for health promotion and disease prevention are much lesser than the treatment of a disease. According to Hancock and Cooper (2011), to create a healthy nation it is important that the easy and obvious choices available to people are also the healthy choices. Unhealthy Lifestyle and poor health habits can be considered as a direct or indirect cause of the rise in healthcare expenses. Tobacco use is the behavioral risk factor that I selected since it is an important population health issue in today’s world. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014), more than 480,000 deaths are caused in the United States (US) by cigarette smoking which is about one in five deaths and smoking is the cause of about 90% of lung cancer deaths and about eight out of ten deaths due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is caused by smoking. The results of a survey to monitor youth risk behavior surveillance in the US in 2011 revealed that 18.1% high school students had smoked cigarette within 30 days...
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...The United States in number one is prison population, because the prison system is broken, and the only way it can be repaired is for it to be torn down. The broken nature comes from racial bias, and life sentences for non-violent crimes, while certain violent crimes occur with impunity. Then, the prison system breeds those inside for recidivism, rather than prolonged freedom. In 1993, South Africa under the apartheid system imprisoned 851 black men, while in 2010, the United States, imprisoned 4,347 black men; that means black men are imprisoned at about five times the rate they were imprisoned under an apartheid system. Due to this, the America is an apartheid state, where guilt is deemed by the coloration of skin, rather than the true culpability. There is the issue of people serving life sentences for non-violent crimes, and many of them are also black. There are over 3,000 people in prison for non-violent crimes, and some of the crimes are as simple as shoplifting a jacket, and selling marijuana....
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...Compare and Contrast Essay [pic][pic] Language – Writing The purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to examine two things of interest and tell the reader about the similarities and differences between them. There are many different formats for writing a compare and contrast essay. For the purpose of this assignment, we will focus on the most common format called the Feature by Feature Format, where we compare and contrast (similarities and differences) between two subjects (i.e. Singapore versus Trinidad, etc.) on three different features about the subjects (i.e. geography, people, and food, etc.) Basic Structure: |1st Paragraph – Introduction | |General Topic Sentence(s) – catch the reader’s attention | |Brief background information about the two subjects | |THESIS STATEMENT | |Brief overview of the three features you are comparing and contrasting | |2nd Paragraph –Personality Inventory ...
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...Housing Right of Floating Population in China —The Game of Human Rights and Economics on Temporary Workers’ Urban Housing in China Introduction: Housing, as right and commodity In the street sides of Chinese big cities, the large white containers are very striking. What are inside the metal containers? Human beings, who work in somewhere nearby the containers and most likely work as construction workers. With their limited salary, the containers become their first choice on housing in the urban area. However, this is just the initial choice resulted from their limited economic capability and the lack of accountability of the whole society group. Housing is a concept shared by many disciplines, Economics, Politics and Human Rights. When talking...
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...countries around the world have an increasing concern about their economic growth and the different ways it is affected. As the essays by Jack A. Goldstone and Joel E. Cohen discuss the many different changes that world population will have in the next 50 or less years, some of these changes are astounding and quite frightening. Without any action these changes could have a toll on the safety and the continuing of todays developed countries. One of the changes in world population is the increasing aging population in the developed countries of the world. As talked about in Goldstone’s essay, the aging population in North America and Western Europe could lead to a decrease in economic growth. There are many reasons why an increasing aging population could cause a decrease in economic growth. As Goldstone shares in his essay, data from The Economist reveals that developed countries labor forces will substantially age and decline, slowing down economic growth in the developed world and raising demand for immigrant workers. In my opinion this makes complete sense there will be more people who require health care, retirement, and other financial help, and there will be less people in the labor force working to help pay for their elders retirement, just as an example. Another reason talked about in Goldstones essay is that the increase in the aging population decreases the amount of new consumers and new households, which is likely to decline the developed country’s productivity. The...
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...Assess the causes and consequences for changes in the UK population This essay will assess the causes and consequences for changes in the UK population, one cause of this is the decline in the death rate which will be looked at in this essay. Another cause of changes in the population, that will be assessed in this essay, is migration and the patterns of it that have a large impact on the characteristics of a country's population. Many sociologists have studied these topics and some that will be looked at in this essay are Thomas McKeown (1972), N.L Tranter (1996) and many more. The first topic to be assessed in this essay is the death rate in the UK, the death rate is currently declining in the UK and there are several reasons for this decline. According to N.L Tranter (1996), over three quarters of the decline in the death rate from 1850 to 1970 was due to a fall in the number of deaths from infectious diseases. Since deaths from infectious disease were commonest amongst the younger generations, it is not surprising that most of the decline in the death rate came from infants, children and young adults. This decrease in the death rate is part of what has led to a growing population in the UK. However, this is not the only reason for a decline in the death rate leading to an increase in the population in the UK. Thomas McKeown (1972) also points out that improved nutrition is also part of what has led to a decreasing death rate, he believes it is accountable for up to...
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