...For much of America’s earlier history, there was only one oceanic coastline, the east remained vastly unsettled. This was due to many reasons, but more than anything it was due to the difficulty of journeying across unsettled, untamed land; there was no easier way than walking. Although there were existing railroads as early as 1830, there was no standardization between all the competing enterprises, nor was there any single unified track between numerous regions of the nation. It was not until May 10, 1969, the completion of the transcontinental railroad, that true unity was present across the country (The Pacific Railway). It may have been the same nation, but with the completion and expansion of the railroad, the west became a new land. The railroad connected seemingly two different parts of the world; material could be transported with ease, information could be actively shared from ocean to ocean, and people could easily migrate across the nation. This propelled economic...
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...In 1893 Frederick Jackson Turner published his own essay entitled, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History”. The first presentation of this paper was at a convocation of the American Historical Association during the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. With in this paper Turner brings up topics he felt would help the American Frontier however, there are two main topics that stand out: individualism will promote democracy, shaping of american character using inventions and adaptations. In Frederick Jacksons thesis he states that an advocacy of a democracy was being introduced in Westward America as well as Europe due to individualism. The Europeans were in lands that Americans were trying to settle in therefore...
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...The passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 solidified the United States hatred for the thousands of Chinese immigrants who had gone to find better jobs. The number increased dramatically when gold was found in California in 1848 causing “thousands to stream in(Moon)”. The passing of the act was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the country. When President Hayes passed it, it reversed the then open door policy. The Chinese immigrants were seen as inferior and an undesirable population. Furthermore, they were seen “as threat to the American culture, government and even the Caucasian Race.” These beliefs were ingrained into American society which maybe part of the reason the Chinese Massacre of 1887 was largely forgotten....
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...Railroad Essay The Northern Pacific Railroad has affected many things that we do today. It has shaped Washington into what it is. It has created countless technological advancements. It impacted and improved the businesses that make up Washington and most importantly it showed us the potential of the things we can do and opened many different pathways to the opportunities available today. It was built in 1864 thanks to Henry Villard who raised over 16 million dollars and was the president of the NPRR. It was mainly supported by the federal land grants where the government sold them cheap land within one square mile of the railroad. The railroad then continued to sell the land to other settlers, which is how they made most of their money to...
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... Essay I The late nineteenth century was the transition phase of the history of the US. Everything started with second industrial revolution (1850’s). It led to major developments like easier communication and transportation, and vast technological and scientific advancements. Big industries and factories arose, altering life styles… America became the attractive spot for all immigrants for its seeming endless new opportunities. People from all over the world, from all the different cultures came to the US to form what we called the “Salad Bowl”. Often these cultures were antagonistic to one another. Communities were formed and each one strictly reserved on itself to conserve itself, but they were to face new social “phenomena” that contradicted their beliefs and customs. Those new social trends were born from industrialisation, being a necessity to its functioning, but disoriented people from their traditional vision, of life in general. They, thus, sought justification to their altered social behaviours due to new living conditions. The post-industrial period, was as a historian calls it: the era representing a “SEARCH FOR ORDER”. It was distinctively manifested professionally and intellectually. The contributions brought, by industrialisation, to the transportation and communication patterns were such that need to be stressed for a better understanding. The railroad system facilitated lots of things in every...
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...Industrial Revolution was immensely consequential and influenced events which have produced the modern society of today. Secondly, this essay will provide descriptions of both, positive and negative, effects that industrialization has had on the lives of Americans and the nation as a whole. Lastly, an analysis of how the Industrial Revolution in American history served as a benefit or a detriment to the nation and the citizens of America. American Industrialization Historically, industrialization of any society marks an experience and phase of historic significance. In addition to practices such as farm production, societies are awarded the process of manufacturing, producing an astounding and substantial impact in every aspect of life (Beck, 1999). As a result of the American Industrial Revolution, modern society benefited from advances in technology, employment increases, and an overall improvement in the quality of daily life. American Industrial Revolution: Positive Effects Developments of industrialization positively affected Americans during the Industrial Revolution. Two advances during this period that had an impact on society and escalated American advancement were transportation and the creation of jobs. Transportation vastly improved the lives of citizens with the completion of roads, canal systems, steamboats, the Transcontinental Railroad and public mass transit (Lipovac, 2011). Innovations in textiles, steam power and iron works produced numerous jobs which brought...
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...Veer Shah AP United States History DBQ Essay #3: “American period between 1860-1880” The historic period prior to the 1860s was the most underlying era in American society as it led to the bloodiest war in the American history, the Civil war. Prior to the Civil war, the American politics were sectionally divided between the Northern Republicans and the Southern Democrats. The political culture was almost saturated as both sections had realized that the numerous compromises would only provoke questions and dissimilarities between them, with the largely interfered question of slavery and suffrage. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 had been implemented as a nationwide direction towards admitting states with reference the 36° 30´ latitude line, either as a free-state (above line) or as a slave state (below the line). Despite of the temporary success of the compromise of 1820, it was repealed by the Stephen A. Douglas in 1854 in his Kansas-Nebraska Act. Likewise, the Compromise of 1850, created by the Great Compromiser, Henry Clay, was an effort to preserve the Union by settling the issue of slavery in the newly acquired territories from the Mexican-American War. Although it assured a temporary peaceful settlement between the sections, it failed to give birth to the Civil war and the rise in sectionalism. Although all these compromises had served their desired intents, politically as well as socially, in turn, they only played a catalyst role in increasing the tensions...
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...Chinese Immigrants in America Starting in the mid 1800s, there were waves of Chinese immigrants flooding into America looking for a new life in a new country. They were pushed into manual labor jobs such as working on farms or owning restaurants because they would not be allowed to work anywhere else. They were discriminated against and were not welcomed because of their different skin color. There were also many restrictions regarding citizenship and how it affected both their families and the land that they own. My essay contains three main points about the Chinese immigrants in America are their difficulties in obtaining jobs in America, the discrimination that they endured, and the hardships of trying to obtain citizenship. The first...
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...Introduction Industrialization increased tremendously during the 18th and 19th century leading to the success growth of United States as far as overall wealth during the rise to power on its wake. This paper focuses on the different aspects of industrialization that occurred and the various groups that were affected during this period of time, and overall what the effect of industrialization did for America. Three Aspects of the Industrial Revolution Referred to commonly as the second Industrial Revolution, three major aspects during this time immensely played apart towards the shaping of our country as we know it and they were our society, the economy and our politics. Society was largely a big part of the industrialization period and underwent the most significant changes. Large amounts of rural to urban migration occurred due employment because of the creation of organizations and companies. The infrastructure and building of railway lines for transportation of raw materials to distinctive states was happening as well during this time. Significant use of iron and steel created several opportunities for industrialization versus agricultural hence making the United States more of an industrialized nation and less agricultural. Our economy at the time played a major role at this time, and was the second aspect of industrialization. During this time rapid growth in society was experienced with the expansion of companies and the improvement of their internal progression....
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...America and open his eyes to the real causes of the suffering he grew up around. Decades of repressive and racially motivated laws had been used to put down minority groups since the late 1800s and, disguised as a war on drugs, harsh penalties were created for marijuana and crack cocaine use in the 1900s, leading to the mass incarceration of poor black people. The effects of these discriminatory laws still reverberate today, but with the help of drug research by scientists like Dr. Hart and a growing awareness of the problem by the general public, it is hoped that new laws will be made to end the war on drugs and allow its victims to succeed in the future. The construction of the transcontinental railroad in the 1860s was one of the most extensive and complex engineering feats to ever take place. The railroad stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, was built entirely by hand, and was completed in just six years. This was made possible only because of the Chinese immigrants who had flocked to the United States in search of jobs and who provided a major portion on the work force. After the project was completed however, these immigrants were no longer needed nor wanted in the country (Bourgois, 2003). They had created a glut in the labor market and whites began to despise them for stealing “American” jobs. To deal with these pesky immigrants, whose only crime was working too hard for too little money, they went after them for their uniquely Chinese habit of smoking opium...
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...The SAT Essay: Building a Repertoire of Examples The SAT essay is intended to measure your writing skills, not your knowledge of any specific subject. Therefore, the essay prompts given on the SAT must be fairly open-ended, so that anyone with a highschool education and life experiences common to all teenagers can respond to them. Most of them deal with basic philosophical, psychological, moral, or social issues. In my experience as a teacher, I’ve seen that the biggest challenge students face in writing the SAT essay is coming up with rich and relevant examples to discuss within the twenty-five minutes you’re given for the essay section. Quite often, students end up using examples that are inappropriate or superficial, or they don’t know enough about the examples they’ve chosen to write about them in detail. The way to combat this problem is to create your own repertoire of examples that you are well prepared to write detailed paragraphs about. Then, when you read the prompt you’re given on the day of the test, you can simply choose the examples from your repertoire that are most relevant to that particular topic. (Of course, this method isn’t fullproof; it may happen that you are unfortunate enough to get a topic that your prepared examples aren’t really appropriate for. If that’s the case, don’t try to force your examples to fit the topic. The process of coming up with these examples and writing several practice essays will also help you learn how to come up with new examples...
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...The first concept that stood out for me is the one from Karl Marx and his idea of social conflict, the struggle between the haves and have nots. The passage that I saw this concept in is the passage about Father Regis O’Connell. Father O’Connell explains that he’s worried about his Hispanic parishioners. Many of them work at the packing plant and are undocumented immigrants. They are treated unfairly, work under horrible conditions and it seems as if management knows they are undocumented and use that against the workers. The management and owners would be what Karl Marx describes as the capitalists and the workers are the proletarians. The workers are not yet at the point where they band together and accomplish a change, they are still under the thumbs of the capitalists. I think that the small town I grew up in could be compared to this situation. It doesn’t fit exactly, however, there were a small number of people in charge and they ruled over the town, not allowing any changes they didn’t approve of first, to the point where they hindered progress. The second concept I noticed was social stratification, in the History and Demographics paragraphs, specifically, the description of Lake Elmo and the people who live around there. It perfectly describes how the upper class -- the upper-uppers-- lives in the richest subdivision near Lake Elmo, and the lower-uppers live in Apple Hill. The middle class, the upper-middles and average middles, live in the main part of town...
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...INTRODUCTION Imagine a world where individuals can provide a good or service to consumers, and in return be compensated. They might do a very good job and even make a considerable profit. Other individuals, seeing the success of this industry, would try to enter the market in order to compete. This idea is the very basis of free market and capitalist economies. But sometimes there are situations where an individual will have a product or service that is better, cheaper, or quicker than everyone else; so much so that they are the only ones that can effectively provide it. When this occurs, competing businesses and giant government entities will stop at nothing to shut it down. The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Clayton Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act make up the current US antitrust laws. The antitrust laws are supposed to promote and protect competition. The philosophy behind the laws is that trusts and monopolies will stagnate markets and prevent others from engaging in healthy market competition. A monopoly is defined as a situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. (Investorwords, 2010) Antitrust law legislation started with the Sherman Act that was passed in 1890. The intent of the law was put in place to challenge the unchecked growth of corporations. By 1888, large corporations gained enough market muscle to dominate entire industries. The Sherman Act outlaws all contracts, combinations,...
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...CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA An Interpretive History TENTH EDITION James J. Rawls Instructor of History Diablo Valley College Walton Bean Late Professor of History University of California, Berkeley TM TM CALIFORNIA: AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY, TENTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2008, 2003, and 1998. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1234567890 QFR/QFR 10987654321 ISBN: 978-0-07-340696-1 MHID: 0-07-340696-1 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Publisher: Christopher Freitag Sponsoring Editor: Matthew Busbridge Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Nikki Weissman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Carole Lawson Cover Image: Albert Bierstadt, American (born...
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...9-803-127 REV: DECEMBER 2, 2010 NANCY F. KOEHN Leadership in Crisis: Ernest Shackleton and the Epic Voyage of the Endurance For scientific discovery give me Scott; for speed and efficiency of travel give me Amundsen; but when disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for Shackleton. — Sir Raymond Priestley, Antarctic Explorer and Geologist On January 18, 1915, the ship Endurance, carrying a highly celebrated British polar expedition, froze into the icy waters off the coast of Antarctica. The leader of the expedition, Sir Ernest Shackleton, had planned to sail his boat to the coast through the Weddell Sea, which bounded Antarctica to the north, and then march a crew of six men, supported by dogs and sledges, to the Ross Sea on the opposite side of the continent (see Exhibit 1).1 Deep in the southern hemisphere, it was early in the summer, and the Endurance was within sight of land, so Shackleton still had reason to anticipate reaching shore. The ice, however, was unusually thick for the ship’s latitude, and an unexpected southern wind froze it solid around the ship. Within hours the Endurance was completely beset, a wooden island in a sea of ice. More than eight months later, the ice still held the vessel. Instead of melting and allowing the crew to proceed on its mission, the ice, moving with ocean currents, had carried the boat over 670 miles north.2 As it moved, the ice slowly began to soften, and the tremendous force of distant currents...
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