...Approaches to Ethical Dilemmas Evanya S. Perry 335 January 20th, 2014 Dr. Tami Frye Approaches to Ethical Dilemmas When trying to apply different approaches to ethical dilemmas there are several different steps that need to be taken. Understanding the case study, providing answers to difficult questions, determining an approach to take that would best suit the ethical dilemma, and identifying the ethical issues encountered along with providing an approach method will be the first few steps taken. These steps are important to recognize before proceeding in any way. In case number five we are introduced to a woman named Janet Lewis who is a registered nurse. The case study describes her as a motivated worker that has a child with special needs that she raises on her own. Other important information about Janet is the fact that she volunteers to pick up extra shifts to help her employer cover available hours. The case study describes the hours leading up to the situation that happens one day with Janet. On one particular day Janet had covered so many hours that she worked without getting any sleep and was exhausted. Later in her shift because of her exhaustion she misreads a label of medication and proceeds to give the wrong medication to the doctor to be administered. This mistake proves to be fatal and the patient dies. Janet tells the doctor about her mistake and is overheard by the patient’s family. An incident report is filed shortly after and...
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...Approaches to Ethical Dilemmas Michelle Silvas BSHS/335 August 11, 2014 Alma Carpio Protecting a friend In the case study 18, protecting a Friend, it describes Dr. Adam Marshall, a well-known, much respected physician that works at Uptown General Hospital. He has done many things for the community, such as charities and missionary work. He has worked at the hospital for 20 years with a spotless record. He goes at least twice a year with a group of other physicians to Zambia to provide medical care and much needed medical supplies for the Zambian people. HIV is very prevalent in Zambia and most of the people there are infected. While in Zambia, Dr. Marshall decides to go sightseeing and while out he collapses due to dehydration and suffers a significant laceration on his arm. A woman comes to his aid and because Dr. Marshall was so worried about his injury, he fails to notice that this woman is HIV positive and has wounds on her arms that are oozing and she helps Dr. Marshall with his open wound. After returning to where his fellow physicians are, he decides to confide in his friend Dr. Singh, he tells him that he is afraid he may have been exposed to HIV because of the woman who help clean up his wound. Dr. Singh runs HIV testing on Dr. Marshall and it comes back positive. Dr. Marshall does not want Dr. Singh to share this information with anyone back at home because he is afraid of his reputation and since they are out of the country, they did not document the...
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...EVALUATING WORK 1. JOB EVALUATION Job Evaluation is the process of systematically determining the relative worth of jobs to create a job structure for the organization. The evaluation is based on a combination of job content, skills required, value to the organization, organizational culture, and the external market. This potential to blend organizational forces and external market forces is both a strength and a challenge of job evaluation. 2. TYPES OF JOB EVALUATION JOB BASED Job-based employee performance evaluations focus on the duties of the position and the tasks required to perform them successfully. This is a standard type of evaluation you can use for all employees filling the same position. First you must perform a job analysis, separating all duties into large categories, such as essential functions and communication. Under the categories of the position, specify tasks required to fulfill them. Be thorough in your analysis and ask your manager or the human resources department to review it. This will be the performance plan for the position. Each employee will receive the plan, sign it and be reviewed formally at the end of the rating period based on the duties outlined. PERSON BASED A person-based evaluation is specific to each individual employee. It takes into consideration the knowledge, skills and abilities the employee possesses upon hire and learns in the course of the rating period. In this way, an employee is compensated fairly for...
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...Evaluation methods differ from an organization to another depending on the size, industry, power of influence, and complexity of that one. Three of the main evaluation methods that have been widely adopted by business and HR managers, and professionals to evaluate and scale their organizational state of concern. Hay Is ultimately one of the earliest methods of evaluation since it was adopted in The early 1950s. It aids in forming an organizational map that aids in the valuation of jobs and salaries. Its no longer sufficient one because of it generating very low points. Three factors that Hay evaluates the jobs on are presented in: Know how (technical knowledge, breadth, human relations, etc..) Problem solving ( environmental thinking, challenge thinking, etc...) Accountability (freedom, and impact of type and magnitude) Working conditions (human relations, work load, environment, etc..) Mercer Other evaluation approach that was widely used in the 1970s that came up with enhanced factors, one of these was the risk factor that is no longer applied because that nowadays firms are obeying international standards for risk and safety. Three factors that Mercer evaluates the jobs on are presented in: Expertise (knowledge, experience, breadth, interpersonal traits, etc..) Judgement (job environment, reasoning, etc..) Accountability (impact, independence and influence, involvement, etc..) Towers and Watson Another iterative approach of evaluation of...
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...‘Deontological and teleological approaches to ethical decision making’ The term deontological is an approach to Ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those or to the character and habits of the person, whilst on the other hand, teleological Teleology is a reason or explanation for something in function of its end, purpose, or goal. For example, a teleological explanation is where is does not focus on the action but it only focuses on the outcome or consequences. Ethical decision making helps people make difficult choices when faced with an ethical dilemma, a situation in which there is no clear right or wrong answer, Refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. In making ethical decisions, it is necessary to perceive and eliminate unethical options and select the best ethical. If an ethical approach if deontological, it means the morality of an action is intrinsic, which means that the act is completely wrong or completely right. Also the right or wrong of the act cannot change, it stays the same. For example - murder is wrong because it is wrong, it will always be wrong. Therefore this is a Deontological approach towards murder. On the other hand, if an ethical approach is Teleological, it means that it only focuses on the outcome that is caused by the action, also it is the result of an action that decides...
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...Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making Matrix Determine the ethical course of action for the following three scenarios from the perspective of each of the three philosophical approaches: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Then, complete the matrix below by writing a few sentences stating the ethical course of action and the reasoning from that approach’s perspective. Clearly differentiate the reasons for each of the three approaches. Keep in mind that, although rationale might differ, the ethical course of action for a given scenario might be the same for each philosophical approach. Be sure to state the ethical course of action as well as the rationale behind it, according to the philosophical approach. Scenario 1 The mayor of a small seaside town faces a tough decision. A prominent developer has submitted a proposal to build a large mall and resort in the town. This development is estimated to bring $150 million in tourism each year and several hundred new jobs to the community, which badly needs the economic boost. The proposed location of the new development, however, is a site that now houses the only nursing home and senior citizens’ recreation center in the area. Both the nursing home and recreation center would have to be demolished, affecting 100 seniors and 30 employees. There is no other location in town where the new development can be built. How should the mayor decide: in favor of economic prosperity or in defense of his elderly...
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...Running Head: EVALUATING PHILOSOPHICAL APPOACHES FOR ETHICAL DECISION MAKING Evaluating Philosophical Approaches for Ethical Decision Making Wayne Lambeth ACC 260 Donna Adams November 4, 2012 My classmates as well as I were required to evaluate philosophical methods that were used in Appendix B. Evaluating these methods would consist of whether or not a course of action that was taken made sense. I will discuss the philosophical approaches and determine whether or not that the course of action were ethical decisions and was it the best decision for the correct reasons in addition to determining the reasons are ethical. There are three key factors to evaluating philosophical approaches and they consist of consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Consequentialism is the theory of the value especially the moral value that would be judged by its consequences. Deontology is slightly different due to focusing on moral responsibility as well as the obligation of motivating the decisions that are made or the actions of the consequence. Virtue ethics has to deal with moral within a community as well as the integrity of an individual. The following scenarios has an ethics dilemma that be addressed. Scenario 1 The mayor is faced with building a new development that will create new jobs and economic stability to a community that really needs it and the dilemma is that it has to be built where the community center for the elderly is located and they...
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...Week 4 Individual Paper Angela Tai ACC 260 May 10, 2013 Douglas Kildsig Critiquing Philosophical Approaches to Ethical Decision Making Three philosophical approaches are taken when ethical decisions are being made. These approaches include consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Consequentialism focus on the consequences associated with the decision that was made. When an individual uses this approach, that individual should ensure that they are fully knowledgeable of the problem in order to make an ethical decision. It is crucial that the person has the ability to examine the affects both negative and positive that will occur because of the decision. When using the deontology approach, one focuses on if it was a right decision or not instead of focusing on the consequences. With this method, all of the questions about ethics and principles arise. The last method is called the virtue ethic approach. This method strives on keeping the morals and integrity of both the community and the individuals. By keeping the morals and integrity of a community when making decisions, it ensures that the decision will be made using the personality traits of the individual. These traits include honest, generosity, wisdom, intuition, and common sense. Is the course of action really the most ethical choice? Scenario One The mayor made the most ethical choice by refusing the proposal and scarifying the development of hundred jobs and million dollars to be able to consider...
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...THREE ETHICAL APPROACHES BASED ON VIRTUE, DUTY AND CONSEQUENCE Three ethical approaches have evolved as the focus of those who study moral philosophy: virtue ethics, duty ethics and consequential ethics. Virtue ethics, associating ethics with personal habits, is associated with Aristotle. Duty ethics is associated with religious beliefs, although Kant tried to create a system of duties independent of belief in God. Consequential ethics is associated with the quest for rationalism during the Enlightenment, and especially with the Utilitarians. Virtue Ethics Plato and especially later Aristotle described moral behavior as “what the moral or virtuous person does.” The virtuous person develops a sense of right and wrong. This idea endures. We look to people we think of as ethical to give us advice on an ethical issue because such people have a sense of right and wrong. Aristotle tried to take the idea further, with less success. He thought that virtuous behavior meant people realizing their potential. He suggested that virtue was tied to moderation, a middle way between excess and deficiency. This idea is in practice not proven so helpful because where the midpoint is depends on where we put the extremes.[2] For example if an extreme drinker is someone who drinks six liters a day of vodka, then is three liters a day a moderate drinker? Markets operate without depending on the virtue of the business people who trade in them. But in practice ethical behavior is admired...
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...data, ideas or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. We also certify that this assignment was prepared by us specifically for this course. Student’s Signatures ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Table of Contents Definition of Problems 3 The Lack of Ethical Culture and Stakeholder Orientation 4 Low Board’s Professionalism 5 Poor Trust and Excessive Emphasis on Marketing 5 Identification of Possible Action Alternatives 6 Analysis of Each Alternative 7 Doing Nothing 7 Hiring a New Board of Directors 7 Developing a New Code of Conduct 8 Developing a New Organizational Strategy to Reconstruct the Ethical Climate 10 Decision 10 Implementation 11 Evaluation 13 Conclusion 14 References 15 Case Decision Making Paper- Red Cross In a world of intensive competition and numerous marketing challenges, maintaining trust in the organization-stakeholder relationships is an extremely difficult task. Numerous organizations have failed to achieve the desired strategic...
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...Broj 2 / Književnost i kultura / Tania Lewis - The Ethical Turn in Commodity Culture: Consumption, Care and the Other Tania Lewis - The Ethical Turn in Commodity Culture: Consumption, Care and the Other In a small courty ard at the Univ ersity of Melbourne, there is an unprepossessing, somewhat makeshift looking outdoor café called KereKere. The coffee on offer is organic, Fair Trade, Rainforest alliance-branded and sustainable: a list of options we'v e increasingly come to ex pect ev en in corporate café chains such as Starbucks. But at this café, customers are also asked to decide how the profits from that sale are distributed ev ery time they buy a coffee. As customers are handed their order, they are also presented with play ing cards that allow them to choose from a list of causes where the café's profits will go. The café thus operates in the spirit of ‘kerekere', a Fijian custom in which a relativ e or neighbour can request something that is needed and it must be willingly giv en with no ex pectation of repay ment. The café's y oung ethically minded owner sees this process as fostering ‘a culture that promotes community wellbeing'. At this café, the traditional economic ex change associated with the purchase of a cup of coffee has been subtly mov ed into other territories through the introduction of questions of gift giv ing, and of responsibility , care and ev en lov e (as we see here, the café's logo is a coffee cup with a series of hearts rising from...
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...Individual Analysis Paper Chairman and CEO of Nissan and Renault – Carlos Ghosn Chao Ru chao.ru@laverne.edu University of La Verne Graduate School of Business BUS 586 – CRN 1354: Leadership for the Future Professor John C. Sivie June 28, 2012 I. Table of Contents I. Table of Contents 2 II. Background and Award of Carlos Ghosn 3 III. Important Contributes for Nissan from Ghosn 4 IV. Doing the Right Things of Carlos Ghosn 5 V. Learn from Carlos Ghosn 7 VI. References 9 Chairman and CEO of Nissan and Renault – Carlos Ghosn II. Background and Awards of Carlos Ghosn Background Information of Carlos Ghosn: Carlos Ghosn is the president and CEO of Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., a global automotive company with 180,000 employees and $83 billion in revenue. He joined to Nissan in June 1999 as its chief operating officer. And then, he became Nissan’s president in June 2000, and also became the chief executive in June 2001. Carlos Ghson is also the president and CEO of Paris-based Renault, SA which was named in May 2005. Both companies together produce more than one in 10 cars sold worldwide. He is also Chairman and CEO of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, the strategic partnership overseeing the two companies through a unique cross-shareholding agreement (Wikipedia, 2012). Currently, he is not only the president and CEO of Nissan and Renault. He also serves on the board of director at Alcoa Automotive, Inc and Closure Systems International, Inc. He serves these...
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...Management School, University of Sheffield, UK ABSTRACT The ‘attitude–behaviour gap’ or ‘values–action gap’ is where 30% of consumers report that they are very concerned about environmental issues but they are struggling to translate this into purchases. For example, the market share for ethical foods remains at 5 per cent of sales. This paper investigates the purchasing process for green consumers in relation to consumer technology products in the UK. Data were collected from 81 self-declared green consumers through in depth interviews on recent purchases of technology products. A green consumer purchasing model and success criteria for closing the gap between green consumers’ values and their behaviour are developed. The paper concludes that incentives and single issue labels (like the current energy rating label) would help consumers concentrate their limited efforts. More fundamentally, ‘being green’ needs time and space in people’s lives that is not available in increasingly busy lifestyles. Implications for policy and business are proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. Received 12 December 2007; revised 30 June 2008; accepted 4 July 2008 Keywords: ethical; green; environmental; sustainable; consumer; purchase; consumption; behaviour Introduction VERY...
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...Canada Global Cultural José A. Rivera Osorio GRST 500 Research Paper Prof. Jared Mink April 8, 2014 Abstract Canada is the second largest country in the globe with population of over 32 million, the largest and most important industry Canada has is oil and logging. For businesses who want to expand towards Canada they are eight dimensions of business culture that will be detail in this analysis, and how NAFTA was formed. The agreements between U.S. and Canada with provisions that will benefit both countries, Canada also has bilateral agreements in trade with European Union and Asia, however we will only analyze U.S.-Canada cultures in business. Canada’s History The first inhabitants of Canada were native’s Indian people, primarily the Inuit “Eskimos. The Norse explorer Leif Eriksson reaches the shores of Canada at Nova Scotia in the year 1000, but the country actually begun 1497 with the introduction of the white man, John Cabot Italian at the service of King Henry VII of England reaches Nova Scotia. Canada was lost to the English in the year 1534 by Jacques Cartier which was the settlement of New France 1604, but was then was Nova Scotia in 1608. Quebec was founded, France’s colonization were not successful and ended at the end of 17th century. They penetrated beyond the Great Lakes to the western prairies and south along the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. The English Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670 establishes themselves because of the abundance of fisheries...
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...Code of Ethics Bus/210 Friday December 12, 2013 Jeannette Lipford This code of conduct will help guide the ethical business practices of all persons and employees of Angie’s Computer Repair Service. These codes will define the responsibilities for each and every employee of Angie’s Computer Repair Service. by protecting our business reputation as ethical and a reliable Computer Repair Service. As a company we will comply with all the state and local laws, Employees will conduct themselves in a professional manner when dealing with company business. Employees will not discriminate against one another do their gender, race, religion, or beliefs we will be treated fairly and equally. There will be a zero tolerance for harassment of any sort whether it is intentional or unintentional. All employees including myself must be able to depend on each other’s truthfulness as well has have the ability to be able to step up and bring issues and concerns to the proper people. We will strive to provide excellent customer service to our clients. Employees will do what is in the best interest of the company to help the company to continue to grow and gain new business. Failing to protect the company’s interest along with our affiliates may result in suspension and or termination. We here at Angie’s Computer Repair Service pride ourselves on maintaining our good reputation within the community. Therefore these rules will be the standard functions of our good business practices;...
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