...Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma Part Two NRS-437V Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Grand Canyon University Today’s world is filled with endless controversial arguments, ethical debates, and a constant clashing of varying perspectives and outlooks. This is especially relevant to posthumous reproduction, which has sparked many disputes in the global world. Even in our own social circles, the viewpoints on posthumous reproduction tend to be varied. Additionally, posthumous production raises many moral, legal, and ethical concerns. Currently, hospitals do not have a strong ethical stand on posthumous reproduction, but recently they have been forced to develop policies regarding consent, and other legal practices. The following are four interviews done by the writers’ involved four different individuals, a hospital administrator, spiritual leader, healthcare colleague, and a friend. The writers also came to a resolution of dilemma based on research. The information presented is based on the ethical dilemma of a child dying, the parents desire to harvest the child’s eggs for the opportunity to conceive another child or treat any potential genetic anomalies. One of the researchers interviewed the hospital administer where she works. Regarding "posthumous reproduction", the administrator stated that the hospital offers this advanced technology to spouses of patients who meet criteria. The administrator agreed...
Words: 1407 - Pages: 6
...Posthumous Reproduction Part III Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Healthcare NRS-437-0500 Posthumous Reproduction Part III One of the most controversial topics is posthumous reproduction. Posthumous reproduction is the ability to conceive a child utilizing the sperm of a deceased donor (Hans, 2008). This raises numerous moral, ethical, and legal concerns. This paper will discuss the worldview and philosophy on posthumous assisted reproduction (PAR) of four different individuals: a healthcare colleague, hospital administrator, a friend, and a spiritual leader. Those interviewed were presented with the ethical dilemma on whether they agreed with the yellow group’s stance on supporting technology to create life posthumously with consent from the deceased spouse. The Healthcare Colleague The first interview was with a registered nurse, who was not in favor of using technology for posthumous reproduction. However, the nurse suggested that certain situations could change her view. She mentioned that as long as there was a written consent prior to the procedure then she would be in favor of posthumous conception. Evidence of the deceased’s agreement to reproduce posthumously appears to be the most influencing factor in shaping attitudes towards both the appropriateness and morality of PCP (Hans, 2008). During the interview, the registered nurse felt that healthcare professionals should think about the child’s interest in the future. ...
Words: 1189 - Pages: 5
...causative and effective options. Step 3: Weigh pros against cons of each option. Step 4: Chose and implement best choice. Step 5: Finally, present decisions in a comprehensive format, outlining outcomes to all relevant parties involved in the decision making process. First Alternative I chose to use a decision-making model to conclude and affirm my decision regarding the defective whistle. First choice, although less favorable but maintains the best interest of the company would be to hold the order and cancel shipments. Advantages of this choice are as follows: conservation of public image as well as prevention of any inhumane civil suits. The disadvantage would be the overall financial loss not only to remake these toys, but reproduction with new standards and new materials as well. Although this would cause a huge financial strain, protecting the reputation of the company while minimizing damage to human life if paramount over any profits gained from the defective products. Financial Impact The purpose...
Words: 2636 - Pages: 11
...Genetic and Reproductive Sciences Abstract This paper is based on genetic and reproductive science and their benefits and limitations regarding individuals, families, and society. The paper covers the screening and treatment for diabetes and what methods are used to prevent it development. The paper also contains information regarding In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and its benefits for individuals and families. The use stems cells and its advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. Analyze the benefits and limitations of genetic and reproductive sciences for individuals, families, and society. The benefit of genetic science for individuals is that it can determine if the person has a possible genetic disorder and give them a better chance at preventing the disorder from becoming active, monitor the disorder, or treat the disorder. For example, diabetes is a genetic disorder that can be discovered through genetic testing. Lifestyle changes such as exercising and lowering their body mass index (BMI) can prevent someone for developing diabetes, and the testing can monitor diabetes if a person develops it. Diabetes can also be treated by the use of insulin and dieting if monitored correctly. The limitation of genetic science for individuals is the emotional outcome of the test results. Some people may get upset and begin to feel guilty, depressed, or even become anxious once they receive their results (Cho, et al., 2012). The benefits of genetic science...
Words: 1426 - Pages: 6
...Theories of Ethics Consequentialism (Utilitarianism) Consequentialism sees the rightness or wrongness of an action in terms of the consequences brought about by that action. The most common form of consequentialism is utilitarianism. Utilitarianism holds that one should act so as to do the greatest good for the greatest number. The good as defined by J.S. Mill would be the presence of pleasure and the absence of pain. Utilitarians are concerned with the aggregate happiness of all beings capable of experiencing pleasure or pain including nonhuman animals. They consider the principle of utility to be the act, which produces the greatest balance of good over evil. Utilitarians consider both the happiness-producing and unhappiness-producing consequences of several alternative actions before deciding on one. A nineteenth century philosopher Jeremy Bentham created a checklist called the hedonic calculus. Bentham designed what he termed the hedonic calculus to enable people to measure the overall happiness- or pleasure-producing consequences of actions in terms of their duration, intensity, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, and extent. This tool would not work in today’s society because happiness or pleasure as we know it would be difficult to measure on a numeric scale. There are two forms of utilitarians. Act utilitarians directly apply the principle of utility to each case as it arises. Rule utilitarians apply the principle of utility to general rules of...
Words: 2792 - Pages: 12
...Nurses and other health care providers are constantly challenged to make ethical decisions about life and death issues in providing care to individuals, families and communities. To be relevant and ethical, these decisions need to be considered in the broader context of personal, societal, cultural and professional values and ethical principles (Fry & Johnstone, 2002). Tesfamicael GhebrehiwetThe nursing profession uses regulatory mechanisms, codes of ethics and other means to ensure ethical behavior. For example, The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses asserts, “Inherent in nursing is respect for human rights, including the right to life, to dignity and to be treated with respect” (ICN, 2000, p. 2). To locate ethical issues within the context of nursing, it is vital to understand the International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition of nursing itself: “Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participating in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles” (ICN, 2005). This definition incorporates the three components of bioethics as outlined by Fry and Johnstone (2002), including norms of nursing practice, expansion of knowledge, and advocacy...
Words: 1484 - Pages: 6
...The ethical dilemma surrounding gay marriages Homosexuality is an erotic reaction to the sexual desire of people of the same sex. It is not only about sexual intercourse with similar sex as this could be as a result of limited sexual chances or even rituals in cultural practices. Homosexuality has been considered as a mental disorder. Some think it is Satanism. The issue of gay marriages is a hot topic in our country today. Some states have legalized gay marriages while other states still refuse same sex marriages. For instance in march last year, Michigan State legalized same sex marriages and later the same day, the ruling was stayed and later in the month, a central appeal court stayed the ruling for an indefinite period (Koppel & Jones,...
Words: 1135 - Pages: 5
...Knowledge of birth control was an unfamiliar topic in colonial Korea, understanding that reproduction was just a natural process that was uncontrollable. As Japan’s influences greatly impacted Korea, information on birth control slowly became recognizable, letting women have several alternatives. The realization of birth control was evidently useful, however the actions behind several aspects of this matter was not fully understood. Birth control became a leading factor to abortion, causing additional problems regarding hygiene, correct surgical methods, and ethical issues. It brought both positive and negative effects to the society, leading to new issues that were unheard of before birth control set foot into Korea. As women were described as “tools for reproduction,” they were commonly characterized as weak and unhealthy. Most women in the colonial period were used to having multiple children, leading them to have continuous deliveries with short recovery periods. Even with poor circumstances, children were still born into poverty, many families not being able to support their own...
Words: 661 - Pages: 3
...A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making Holly Forester-Miller, Ph.D. Thomas Davis, Ph.D. Copyright © 1996, American Counseling Association. A free publication of the American Counseling Association promoting ethical counseling practice in service to the public. -- Printed and bound copies may be purchased in quantity for a nominal fee from the Online Resource Catalog or by calling the ACA Distribution Center at 800.422.2648. ACA grants reproduction rights to libraries, researchers and teachers who wish to copy all or part of the contents of this document for scholarly purposes provided that no fee for the use or possession of such copies is charged to the ultimate consumer of the copies. Proper citation to ACA must be given. Introduction Counselors are often faced with situations which require sound ethical decision making ability. Determining the appropriate course to take when faced with a difficult ethical dilemma can be a challenge. To assist ACA members in meeting this challenge, the ACA Ethics Committee has developed A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making. The intent of this document is to offer professional counselors a framework for sound ethical decision making. The following will address both guiding principles that are globally valuable in ethical decision making, and a model that professionals can utilize as they address ethical questions in their work. Moral Principles Kitchener (1984) has identified five moral principles...
Words: 2094 - Pages: 9
...Assisted Reproduction Richard Grogoza Grand Canyon University Ethics for Health Care Professionals HLT 312V Professor Paula Janine Duistermars March 31, 2013 Assisted Reproduction Assisted reproduction is an area that requires much thought. Who should be able to receive this assistance to who pays for it in the case of those receiving public funds. The ethical question as to whether a mother should be made to agree to “selective reduction,” or in common terms abort a fetus or fetuses in the case of multiple eggs that become fertilized needs to be addressed and answered. There are several ethical dilemmas that arise when dealing with donating eggs or sperm, as well as with surrogate pregnancies. Those in the low income bracket are susceptible to being exploited by the idea they can make money by donating their eggs. A woman willing to donate her eggs needs to be informed of the dangers associated with this process, such as; it is time consuming and requires a commitment to follow through with the process. Once the process is started the donor must give themselves daily injections of one of various medications that temporarily shut down their ovaries. These medications come with side effects that the donor may not be informed of. Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is another danger in which in some cases can lead to kidney failure and even death. The egg harvesting procedure is invasive surgical procedure in which there is a risk of injury to the bladder, bowel...
Words: 1458 - Pages: 6
...I chose procreation as a topic for this paper for a few reasons. First, because of complicity of the issue. Scope of this problem almost unlimited and correlates not only with modern legal and ethical general acceptable principals, but also with core issues of human existence. Second, I do believe, that understanding of origin of procreation and ability to build personal approach in this issue plays significant role for every professional in the Health Care System. Even if in real life situation some of us will never directly participate in solving such problem, still establishing firm personal position on this issue will benefited everyone who involved in running of human services. Third, I think that in the scope of course “Legal and Ethical issues in Health Care”, procreation could be a best example to justify my personal opinion on the social role of ethics and its priority over the social role of legal system. In comparing law and ethics, many people thinking about law as a sphere of clearly identified and easy to recognize points, while sphere of ethical issues for many, more-less limited to the individual stand points in terms of what is good and what is bad. However, it is an ethics established law, not law established ethics. Especially in the procreation dilemma, it turns out ethics plays a big part in all aspects of breeding, in the sense that ethics makes our choices relevant to other people. The decision to have or not to have children has a profound impact on all...
Words: 2676 - Pages: 11
...mutation of genes” 1) An abnormal baby would be a nightmare come true. A particular worry is that the genes used from an adult to create a baby would continue to grow, so that on the day of birth, the genes would be as old as the adult. But many attempts at animal cloning produced disfigured monsters. For example this is a cloned calf which was born in this way and died after a while. This is a mouse with an ear on its back, created by scientists. 2) However, some abnormalities may appear long after the birth. Even if a few cloned babies are born apparently normal we will have to wait up to twenty years to be sure they are not going to have problems later – for example growing old too fast. B) There are also emotional and ethical risks 1) What happens when a woman clones herself and the clone grows up and finds out her mother is also her sister, and her grandmother is her mother. And what happens to a marriage when the “father” sees his wife clone grow into the woman he fell in love with. 2) The emotional pressure is also unbearable for a child that knows it is the clone of his dead brother. It is an experiment doomed to failure...
Words: 1065 - Pages: 5
...Explain three world arguments for birth control and two world arguments against birth control. For: 1) The world population is growing at a rapid speed and while America may not yet feel the impact of the earth’s overpopulation, many other countries are losing resources and lack basic needs (Gonsalves, J 2005). The world is now home to seven billion people . Not only would birth control help to slow the population growth rate, but it can also help to prevent the high rate for infant deaths (Miller et al 2012). Less than 5 percent of people in most countries in Africa use contraceptives (Rengel, M 2000). If this number was higher and more people were aware of the benefits of birth control, and it was accessible to them, it would help everyone and the planet overall (Rengel, M 2000). 2) It is only reasonable to accept that birth control is not merely a matter of morals, but also of ethics (Steinbock, B 2011). It may be immoral to prevent conception, but it is unethical to willingly allow ourselves to cause unwanted pregnancies that will result in more destitution. 3) As a counterpoint to the second anti-birth control argument, developing a market for contraceptives may in fact reduce the number of women victimized by those who want them to be sterile (Gordon, L 2002). Contraceptive methods have not caused a decrease, but rather an increase, in the sexual freedoms of women in developed and developing countries alike (Lysaught et al 2012). If women are able to use contraception...
Words: 860 - Pages: 4
...ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO REPRODUCTION Oghenebrume Pela Grand Canyon University: HLT 305 11/22/2014 Assisted reproductive technology otherwise known as fertility treatment uses various methods to achieve pregnancy. According to the CDC, the use of these methods has doubled in the last ten years. There has also been an increase in the number of successes based on the most recently collected data as at 2012. The current percentage of people born through ART (assisted reproductive technology) living in the United States is at 1% which, quite frankly, is a lot of people (Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), 2014). In the case of surrogate parenting, an agreement is reached typically between an infertile couple and a woman who is to carry a baby for this couple. There are two main types which are gestational surrogacy and traditional surrogacy. In gestational surrogacy, conception takes place by means of IVF (in vitro fertilization) which would mean that the surrogate mother will have no genetic relationship with the resultant child. In traditional surrogacy, conception will take place either naturally or artificially which would mean that there will be a genetic relationship between the surrogate mother and the pregnancy. Sperm and egg donation as the name implies is a practice in which sperm and eggs or embryos have been donated by a third party to enable the infertile individual or couple to conceive. The donors are usually screened before they can donate and are...
Words: 1990 - Pages: 8
...A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making Holly Forester-Miller, Ph.D. Thomas Davis, Ph.D. Copyright © 1996, American Counseling Association. A free publication of the American Counseling Association promoting ethical counseling practice in service to the public. -- Printed and bound copies may be purchased in quantity for a nominal fee from the Online Resource Catalog or by calling the ACA Distribution Center at 800.422.2648. ACA grants reproduction rights to libraries, researchers and teachers who wish to copy all or part of the contents of this document for scholarly purposes provided that no fee for the use or possession of such copies is charged to the ultimate consumer of the copies. Proper citation to ACA must be given. Introduction Counselors are often faced with situations which require sound ethical decision making ability. Determining the appropriate course to take when faced with a difficult ethical dilemma can be a challenge. To assist ACA members in meeting this challenge, the ACA Ethics Committee has developed A Practitioner's Guide to Ethical Decision Making. The intent of this document is to offer professional counselors a framework for sound ethical decision making. The following will address both guiding principles that are globally valuable in ethical decision making, and a model that professionals can utilize as they address ethical questions in their work. Moral Principles Kitchener (1984) has identified five moral principles that are viewed as the...
Words: 2094 - Pages: 9
