...paper. One argument that Daniel Dennett brought up in his book Brainchildren: Essays on Designing Minds was “Robots are purely material things, and consciousness requires immaterial mind-stuff”. I think that humans are uncomfortable with the idea that a manufactured thing can simulate our most precious possession, our mind. Therefore they created this argument to give themselves a sense of protection against science. Another argument against this was expressed once again by Rick Dennett who wrote “...every other phenomenon of initially “supernatural” mysteriousness has succumbed to an uncontroversial explanation within the commodious folds of physical science”. Perhaps the best argument at the present time against robotic consciousness is robots are just too simple to have the ability of thought/consciousness. A human brain is composed of billions of parts each with its own function. All these parts rely on another part in order to give the brain a correct response for a certain action. The computing power required in order to simulate a human brain and the sheer capabilities to make a program that could comprehend everyday situations is impossible with todays technology. Whether or not this will ever be possible is beyond this paper. For this papers sake lets say that we were able to create a robot which would be able to surpass even Bladerunner's Nexus-6 robot and would be able to simulate consciousness in every way. It would be able to learn from what it has done in...
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...DeVry University LAS432 Professor: David Scoma April 13, 2014 ABSTRACT (200-word summary of the entire paper) This research discusses the emerging technology of the human android. Different types of robots are discussed and, how these devices come together with computer technology. It begins with a description of this innovative modern day science and discusses its applications. To this end, it explores how robots and androids assist in both domestic and workplace activities. Next, our paper goes into detail on the historical development of human androids which goes back into the into the Renaissance time period. In addition, current development is briefly mentioned which includes economic support from the U.S President, further research, and considering an ongoing project. The collection of models are also noted followed by innovation changes that have been implemented up to this date. Last of all, the legal issues and concerns are described under different cases while government manufacturing has become significant. Next we will delve into the environmental implications androids and robots have on our society such as ensuring a safe society with the additions of these man-made creations and the possible threats they bring. This leads us into the moral and ethical implications of how they can improve our lives and the challenging code of ethics that is brought forth as to how we should consider them in today’s society. Acknowledgements This page is to acknowledge...
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...People have been thinking about artificial intelligence since before the 1950's. It was in that time that Alan Turing proposed the “Turing Test”. Which measures how well a computer can think by having an interrogator ask it and a human questions. If the interrogator cannot determine which is human and which is machine then the machine has passed the Turing test.[1] Its been 15 Years since Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Gary Kasparov. And since then chess computers have continued to improve dominate. Most notably Deep Fritz the desktop chess program beating Vladimir Kramnik.[2] Just 2 years ago IBM developed “Watson” a computer that played Jeopardy and beat former winner Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter.[3] With A.I. Improving the question of how intelligent machines should be used to interact with humans becomes more and more relevant. In what ways can A.I. be used to interact with people and what moral implications exist? 2 A.I. IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR Intelligent machines are already being used by many private companies. These are in the forms of autopilot, data mining, facial recognition, etc. Those are not form of A.I. that humans interact with. There some modern uses of A.I. Humans interact with such as automated systems and there will be more as technologies develop. Something else that will come along with the development of artificial intelligence is robots as domestic helpers. And both of these will bring with them many ethical questions to consider. 2.1 DIGITAL...
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...Artificial intelligence From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "AI" redirects here. For other uses, see Ai. For other uses, see Artificial intelligence (disambiguation). Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents"[1] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.[2] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955,[3] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."[4] AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.[5] Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. There are subfields which are focussed on the solution of specific problems, on one of several possible approaches, on the use of widely differing tools and towards the accomplishment of particular applications. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[6] General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long term goals.[7] Currently popular approaches include statistical...
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...Introduction to Computing Introduction For couple of years, futurists and computer scientists have provided arguments that a collection of evolving technologies—miniature computers named "smart dust" or motes, wireless telecommunication, software agents that are intelligent, antennas, stretchy electronics, and micro-level power systems— embrace the potentiality to convert the work and daily life (Farias et al. 2012). Anyone who eagerly willing in the social impacts and insinuation of new technologies is making intelligence out of this would impose a significant challenge to him. Such type of changes qualitative in nature requires something very different to the conventional tools of analysis for the engineer or economist. Actor-Network Theory (ANT): its definition and suitability in computing studies Actor-Network Theory had emerged from the researches done by Michel Callon and Bruno Latour. The progressive constitution of the network has been described by their analysis on a collection of negotiations where the identities are assumed by not only the human but with the non-human actors as well. In this context, representation is comprehended in its political facet, as a method to delegate (Fenwick et al. 2012). The most significant among these negotiations is the "translation," an interaction multifaceted in nature where the actors (1) build up the definitions and meanings that are common, (2) define representatives, and (3) co-operate each other in the quest of objectives...
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...Google Technologies Glass Google Glass is an electronic eye wear device that essentially is the ability to access Google and updates from your smartphone device through the computerized frames. While currently still in the stages of development and beta testing, Google Glass has already started making an impact on the development of new technologies and the way in which we are able to see things through another person’s eyes. When linked with a persons smartphone device, Glass enables one to send and receive text messages displaying the message in a small visual to the user; Glass also provides the sync ability to make calls, take photos, record videos, and provide navigation. As Glass is still within it’s beta testing and development stages the applications associated and current features are limited, but the possibilities for this device seem to be the main focus of Google and it’s developers before introducing Glass to the public consumer. Currently Glass has been making headlines, as Google reaches out to promote this new technology providing testers to Police Officers in New York, and to NBA teams, the purpose to help provide a wider means for the technology in development. (Stein, 2014) When considering Glass, and the association of the Police or Emergency response teams one can consider the positive impacts Glass can provide such as development of applications compatible with the device to pull up a persons driver’s information, vehicle reports, background information...
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...WHOLE BRAIN EMULATION (WBE) TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: 1 BRIEF HISTORY: 2 NEED FOR WHOLE BRAIN EMULATION: 2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS FOR WHOLE BRAIN EMULATION: 4 BENEFITS OF BRAIN EMULATION: 5 ISSUES: 6 Ethical Issues: 6 Legal Issues: 6 Religious Issues: 7 Philosophical Issues: 7 CURRENT RELATED RESEARCHES: 7 FUTURE RESEARCH: 8 CONCLUSION: 8 REFRENCES: 9 WHOLE BRAIN EMULATION INTRODUCTION: The term emulation originates in computer science, where it denotes mimicking the function program or computer hardware by having its low‐level functions simulated by another program. While a simulation mimics the outward results, emulation mimics the internal causal dynamics. The emulation is regarded as successful if the emulated system produces the same outward behavior and results as the original. Whole brain emulation (also referred to as mind uploading or mind transfer) is the hypothetical process of scanning and mapping a biological brain in detail and copying its state into a computer system or another computational device. The computer would have to run a simulation model so faithful to the original that it would behave in essentially the same way as the original brain, or for all practical purposes, indistinguishably. The simulated mind is assumed to be part of a virtual reality simulated world, supported by a simplified body simulation model. In analogy to a software emulator, a brain emulator is software (and possibly dedicated non‐brain hardware)...
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...Of all the technological developments of the modern age, none is as complex as artificial intelligence. The idea that a non-human, manufactured entity could advance to a point of emulating human behavior is enough to make people shiver. The idea of something so advanced that we will not be able to tell the difference may be even worse. In 1961 Philip Dick wrote Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. It portrayed a world with these exact characteristics. Artificial Intelligence had advanced to a point of near-perfect human replication. In creating this world, Dick was echoing the speculations and fears of a.i. that had build up by that time. It would then continue to influence those opinions in the years after. It is necessary to look at the development of artificial intelligence in order to put this idea into context. The concept of intelligent and aware constructs began to emerge in the 1950s and 60s as several scientists in many fields came together to discuss the possibilities of advanced computer research. The first major step was a scientific conference at Dartmouth College in 1956. Here, the general concepts and possible paths of research for a.i. were fleshed out. As described in Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, this conference was “the birth of artificial intelligence.” This was mostly a theoretical stage yet attending experts predicted that with a huge investment, working technology could be available in a generation (16). After being officially established...
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...Robotic surgery is the latest development that uses robots and computer aided apparatus to aid in normal surgical procedures. It is a new technology and mostly used in well-developed countries. With robotic surgery a single surgeon is able not only to perform multiple surgeries but also do his/her work from any part of the world (McConnell, Schneeberger & Michler, 2003). Robotic surgery is a type of procedure that is similar to laparoscopic surgery. It also can be performed through smaller surgical cuts than traditional open surgery. There are small precise movements that are possible with this type of surgery. It gives some advantages over standard endoscopic techniques. Sometimes robotic-assisted laparoscopy can allow a surgeon to perform a less-invasive procedure that was once only possible with more invasive open surgery. Once it is placed in the abdomen, a robotic arm is easier for the surgeon to use than the instruments in endoscopic surgery. The robot reduces the surgeon’s movements. The robot assistance reduces some of the hand tremors and movements that might otherwise make the surgery less precise. Robotic instruments can access hard-to-reach areas of your body more easily through smaller incisions compared to traditional open and laparoscopic surgery. This procedure is done under general anesthesia where you are asleep and pain free. The surgeon sits at a computer station nearby and directs the movements of a robot. Small instruments are attached to the robot's arms...
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...about the dangers of technologies that may be developed later in our century. Joy also a muted optimism about humans' ability to use ethical principles to avoid those dangers. What are Joy's best reasons for being pessimistic? What are his strongest reasons for expressing optimism? As you consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of those reasons, explain whether and why you find yourself more pessimistic or more optimistic about the issues that Joy raises. (PL 401) INTRODUCTION The development of technologies in the modern world has been seen to many as blessing. The use of technology has greatly affect the living style of human race as most of them are develop to improve life of human being and also prolong their lifetime, for instance the use of technology such as robot in carrying out surgical operation in the hospitals to treat diseases like cancer, genetic engineering in farming to increase production is a great promised that the technology has brought. On the other hand, Bill Joy who is a well known computer elite expresses his fear that the technology advancement in the modern world could bring more harm than good to human race and the planet at large. Joy feels that the technologies that may develop later in the 21st century could jeopardize human being and questions ethical role that the communities have on them. Joy urges others technology elites to constantly consider the inadvertent resultant impacts...
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...------------------------------------------------- Robot Assisted Surgery: The Evolution of the Surgeon and the Operating Room Abstract The art of surgery has evolved significantly from the times of shaman priests in ancient Egypt and bloodletting barbers of Medieval Europe. This evolution was assisted by the development of new tools that were created as the result of some advancement in technology. These new instruments permitted the surgeons of their day to unlock new possibilities and develop new techniques, each more sophisticated than the one before. Due to the sensitive nature of surgery, moral and ethical obligations were established early on and eventually formed the basis of “The Hippocratic Oath”, which is still relevant to the modern surgeon. We are now in a place in history where robots are being used to assist with surgical procedures that were once only conceivably done by human hands. This paper seeks to detail this evolution as well as describe current and future applications of robotics in the surgery and the ethical implications inherit with this technology. This report will also attempt to identify and discuss the complex legal, political, and cultural issues that have also evolved with this science. A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline. Articles describing the history and development of surgical robots were identified as were articles reporting data on applications. This most recent development in surgical advancement has infinite potential...
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...2013 DeVry University Introduction & Brief description of robotics technology: (Elizabeth Burrier) Robotics has been coming further and further in technology over the years. Robots are not just something you see in the movies, they are now used by the military, NASA and the medical field. This paper will take you through the world of Robotics, and show you the best, newest and what is to come. There was a big popularity Automatons in ancient and Medieval times were very popular. Simple automatons for the use as tools, toys and as part of religious ceremonies were made possible by the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Automatons were population as part of clocks and religious worship, in Europe and the Middle East. The Arab polymath Al-Jazari left texts illustrating his various mechanical devices. Working to develop the foundations of computer science in the early to mid-nineteenth century, Charles Babbage continued to provide entertainment during the 19th century. In 1920, Karel Capek published his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which introduced the word "robot". Robotics became a burgeoning science and more money was invested. Robots spread to Japan, South Korea and many parts of Europe over the last half century, to the extent that projections for the 2011 population of industrial robots are around 1.2 million. Robotics is something that came about a long time ago, in the ancient and medieval times with automatons. The Industrial Revolution and the increased focus...
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...Technology on the Culture 12 The Japanese Robot Economy 15 Japanese Robotic R & D Economy 17 Sales of Robotic Technology 18 The Workforce Economy 19 Economic Conclusion 20 Government Impacts 21 Public Projects Impact 22 Economics Impact 23 Technology Impacts 23 Moral and Ethical Consideration 24 Positive Impact 24 Negative Impact 25 Conclusion 27 References 28 Introduction Robots of any style and kind have been on people’s minds since the beginning of the technological ages. We see through time where our imaginations have expended when it comes to think about Robots and what we think they will become. We used to think of Robots as multiple armed machines that could cook eggs, pour coffee, and flip eggs. These robots would mimic human behaviors and motions. Then we see cartoons of robots that gave us dreams of robot maids and robot machines that would supply us with any food of our choice, and have it fully cooked, and delivered through a tube. However, now-a-days, we have evolved to higher technology and have even greater imaginations (Niku, 2001). Although, there is one country that surpasses all when it comes to robots and robotics, and that country is Japan. When we think of Japan we think of a country that has always been at the cutting edge of most anything. Having this cutting edge has set Japan above the technology curve when compared to the rest of the world. Japanese scientists have known that robots will become a very powerful component...
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...Biological Determinism 1. According to the author of the article "All in the Genes?", there is no intrinsic causality between genetics and intelligence. The author analyses different aspects of biological determinism, and supplies many examples, which illustrate aspects of this problem that are being discussed since the time when these ideas became popular. He does not agree with biological determinist that the intellectual performance of a person depends on genes inherited from his parents. There are a lot of different theories about intellectual capabilities. All these theories reflect different points of views, depending on the period of time the authors of these theories lived. The author argues for the theory that in the nineteenth century , artificial barriers in social hierarchy prevented people from achieving higher intellectual performance. In the end of XX century, in most places these barriers were removed by the democratic processes, and nothing artificial can stand between the natural sorting process and social status of the people. These changes can not be considered as historical because the age of democracy is just two hundred years , and the time when inequality between classes and between people was a natural situation is almost as long as the history of the world . The author insists that there is no connection between environmental differences and genetics. In support of his idea the author state that any Canadian student can...
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...“Kahlil Gibran, in “The Prophet,” wrote: “Love is work made visible.” Whether he meant that love is work or that work is the expression of love, it’s a good reminder that our work and the place where we do that work is a huge and important part of our lives”. (http://jessarch.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/thesis-statement/). What are the benefits, features, and other aspects of office of the future? Some of the benefits, features, and other aspects of a virtual office that I want to take a look at are: the definition of a virtual office, technology and it’s role, people’s view of the future office, Microsoft’s view, an effective workspace, the flexibility of a virtual office, and what you might find/see in your office of the future. “A virtual office is a combination of off-site live communication and address services that allow users to reduce traditional office costs while maintaining business professionalism.[1] Frequently the term is confused with “office business centers” or “executive suites” which demand a conventional lease whereas a true virtual office does not require that expense” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_office). Virtual office is the new office of the future. Although a virtual office has been around for a while, it has not been used by everyone because when the concept was adopted, there was not much technology developed yet to support it. Now, with the increasing amount of technology for home use, now companies can move more jobs to this...
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