...date: Due in tutorial This assignment is worth 10% of your final mark. OBJECTIVE The objective of this assignment is to develop your critical thinking skills in evaluating a popular news article about human evolution and/or human biological diversity. News article: Skinny Genes: Could Heredity Raise Your Vulnerability to 'Be-Thin' Pressure? http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/10/03/skinny-genes-could-heredity-raise-your-vulnerability-to-be-thin-pressure 1. Critical evaluation of the news article. Critically evaluate the news article. Here are some questions to consider: Why do you think this scholarly research was picked up by the media and published in a popular news venue? Does this article stir up controversy or do you think it confirms biases that already exist within the general public? How good a job does the journalist do in conveying scientific ideas to a general audience? (~350 words) 2. Comparison of news article to original journal article. Locate the original journal article that the news story was based on and compare the news article to the journal article. How similar are they? What are the differences? Did the journalist choose to accentuate or ignore certain results of the study? Are there inaccuracies in the reporting of the original study or the science? (~400 words) Assignment specifics: Total Length – 3 pages (~750 words), not including the required cover page and reference page. Format - 12 pt...
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..."Amino Acid Homochirality May Be Linked To the Origin of Phosphate-Based Life." Journal of Molecular Evolution 70.6 (2010): 572-582. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Oct. 2014. The authors argues that phosphorylation- is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule- must have been one of the most important events in prebiotic evolution on earth because the team talks about the emergence of phosphoryl amino acid 50-nucleosides having a P–N bond is described as a model of the origin of amino acid homochirality They debate that it’s proposed that the intramolecular interaction between the nucleotide base and the amino acid side-chain influences the stability of particular amino acid 50-nucleotides, and the interaction also selects for the chirality of amino acids and differences between L- and D-conformation energies lead to the dominance of D configuration. They argue that the chiral selection of the earliest amino acids for L-enantiomers seems...
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...| The Origin and Evolution of the Universe | | [Type the author name] | 4/11/2013 | Astronomy with Lab DeVry University This paper looks at the Big Bang Theory. It examines the history of the theory and the scientific ideas on which it is based. It also examines some of the evidence proving the Big Bang and addresses some of the more common arguments against it. | Contents The Search for Creation 3 The Big Bang Theory 3 Supporting Observations 4 Objections 5 Conclusion 5 References 7 The Search for Creation Man seems, by nature, to be a curious creature. We are always looking for explanations for natural phenomena. We have attributed the sound of thunder and lightning in the sky to Thor. When crops died and people were struck ill, ancient man (and modern in some cases) knew the obvious cause was spells cast by witches. We even have myths about the creation of the world; from the Chinese Phan Ku who "emerged from an egg and proceeded to create the world by using a chisel" (Singh, 2004, p. 4) to the Judeo-Christian story of the seven day creation. These creation stories were our first attempts to explain not only our origins but the origins of everything. These stories satisfied many, especially in a time when the ability to test their validity was very limited, but as we have advanced so has our ability to analyze the universe around us and come up with testable ideas to explain the origin of the universe and its evolution. Since, as the saying...
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...Version 1.0: 0107 abc General Certificate of Education Psychology 5186 Specification B Unit 1 (PYB1) Introducing Psychology Mark Scheme 2007 examination - January series Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation meeting attended by all examiners and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation meeting ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for the standardisation meeting each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed at the meeting and legislated for. If, after this meeting, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been discussed at the meeting they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available to...
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...FUNCTIONALISM V. STRUCTURALISM Myrna Davis WashingtonUniversity of the Rockies Abstract In this paper, we compare and contrast the theories of Structuralism, which was structuralismdeveloped out of early attempts to establish psychology as a separate discipline from philosophyand biology, and Functionalism, which was developed by American psychologists in response tothe theory of Structuralism. Additionally, this discussion includes the contributions andrelevance of these theories to contemporary psychology. The theories of structuralism and functionalism (“America’s psychology”) were psychology’s first theoretical approaches. Both “structural” psychology and “functional” psychology were the “mind-children” of E. B. Titchener, a former graduate student of Wilhelm Wundt who had only been in the United States for six years when he wrote an article entitled “The Postulates of a Structural Psychology” which appeared in an 1898 issue of the journalPsychological Review (Goodwin, 2008). In the article, Titchener presented an approach he named “structural” psychology and contrasted it with what he called “functional psychology”, the psychology he saw being taught at American universities (Goodwin, 2008). Structural psychology, he postulated, was analogous to anatomy in that its purpose was to analyze thehuman mind and organize into its basic units or conscious elements (thoughts). Structuralism, or experimental psychology , used self-reflective introspection to explore the relationship...
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...FUNCTIONALISM V. STRUCTURALISM Myrna Davis WashingtonUniversity of the Rockies Abstract In this paper, we compare and contrast the theories of Structuralism, which was structuralismdeveloped out of early attempts to establish psychology as a separate discipline from philosophyand biology, and Functionalism, which was developed by American psychologists in response tothe theory of Structuralism. Additionally, this discussion includes the contributions andrelevance of these theories to contemporary psychology. The theories of structuralism and functionalism (“America’s psychology”) were psychology’s first theoretical approaches. Both “structural” psychology and “functional” psychology were the “mind-children” of E. B. Titchener, a former graduate student of Wilhelm Wundt who had only been in the United States for six years when he wrote an article entitled “The Postulates of a Structural Psychology” which appeared in an 1898 issue of the journalPsychological Review (Goodwin, 2008). In the article, Titchener presented an approach he named “structural” psychology and contrasted it with what he called “functional psychology”, the psychology he saw being taught at American universities (Goodwin, 2008). Structural psychology, he postulated, was analogous to anatomy in that its purpose was to analyze thehuman mind and organize into its basic units or conscious elements (thoughts). Structuralism, or experimental psychology , used self-reflective introspection to explore the relationship...
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...Animal Testing is Animal Cruelty We, as humans, have made numerous advancements in the world. We have firmly established the scientific evolution, but in doing so, it seems that our ethics and morals have failed to progress as well. The knowledge we have acquired is remarkable, but with it comes responsibility to use it wisely and ethically. We torture and heartlessly kill creatures that we arrogantly consider lesser beings simply at our disposal. For something as simple as eye makeup animals are tortured and blinded by tests performed at the laboratory. Where they are hardly fed, often forced to live in filth, and sometimes have their vocal cords removed to keep them quiet (CAAT). We are systematically cutting down the last forest that provides their shelter to farm cattle; we dump toxic chemicals and sewage into the waters in which they live; we wear and display the tusks of the last few of their species in our homes, and we pour cosmetic products into their eyes and body parts to determine the harmful effects they might cause on humans, even though the physiological differentiation between humans and the animals they use is drastic. On a daily basis most people do not see their own degree of unintentional support towards this global dilemma, but when compiled on paper one must question how mankind can, with conscience, commit these acts which shame us as human beings. Animals possess the same kinds of feelings and emotions as human beings, and without anesthesia, they...
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...(Barrett). Toward the end of the Renaissance, the modern method of empirical science began to develop. The key players were Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543), Johannes Kepler (15711630), and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Although it may seem ironic now, each of these men believed in the Christian God. They viewed science as studying the handiwork of an almighty Creator and discerning His natural laws. Galileo considered God to have written two “books”: the Bible and nature (Hummel, p. 106). Contrary to popular belief, the cause for the diversion between Christianity and science originated not with the Church but with the university professors who were threatened by Galileo’s revolutionary ideas. These professors were steeped in the Greek scientific method, which included observation to a small extent, but mostly explained the workings of nature through rational deduction from first principles, or assumptions, an entire view of the universe had been built up. Consequently, the professors embraced such misconceptions as the sun having no imperfections, the moon being a perfectly smooth sphere that shone with its own light, and the earth alone having a moon since the earth was at the center of the universe. Galileo’s recently invented telescope quickly demonstrated the incorrectness of such assumptions (Hummel, pp. 91-94). Not willing to be thwarted by Galileo, the professors decided to make the controversy religious rather than academic (Hummel, p. 92). They argued that the heliocentric...
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...topic among evolutionists, creation scientists, and evangelicals is the historicity of Adam. These people’s views can be summarized into four basic positions [1]. The most liberal view, evolutionary creationism, holds that there was no historical Adam. This view has been expounded upon by Denis Lamoureux, a well-known professor who has lectured widely on the topic of evolutionary creationism. Evolutionary creationism posits that God used evolution to create man and used ancient views of science to impart specific inerrant truths [2]. This idea of using ancient science to give truth is called the “Message-Incident Principle” [3]. The second position is the archetypal view. Those who hold this view, such as John Walton, an influential scholar who has written several books on the topic, believe that Adam was a real man, but was used biblically as an archetype, or a representation of humanity as a whole. According to this view, Adam may or may not have been the father of mankind, and that the Bible should not be used as an argument against scientific evidence about human origins [4]. The third position, old-earth creationism, suggests that Adam was the real “[headwater] of humankind” but argues that the Bible does not limit the timeline of history to a young-earth perspective. This view has been vocally promoted by a seminary professor named C. John Collins, who has also written a famous book on the subject entitled Did Adam and Eve Really Exist?: Who They Were and Why You Should Care...
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...can they? Science involves the rejection of the belief of God but Science actually proves Gods existence. You can't destroy matter. The "Big Bang" tells of everything coming into existence out of nothing. Well obviously there must be something to have made everything, everything has a creator. Non-Believers: If there was a higher power that was responsible for everything that has and will happen on Earth, then Earth would be perfect. The theory of evolution, produced by Darwin, states that there isn't a 'God' at all. There is no authenticated evidence to suggest that 'God' does exist. Whereas, there is more than enough evidence to support Darwin's theory. The human eye is imperfect, if there was a 'God', surely he would design us so that we were perfect beings, there wouldn't be a blind spot for example. There are small things like this which also help back up the theory of no 'God'. I do object to the idea of organized religion in the sense that they are almost based entirely on myths which are often disproved using modern scientific research, conductive thinking, and logic. They also serve to promote violence, discrimination, and serve to make others think better of themselves than others....
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... Prepared by Student at Thomas Edison State College Assignment Distributed Prepared for Global Environmental Change (ENS-314) Thomas Edison State College Technical summary of climate change Overwhelming scientific study demonstrate the earth’s atmosphere is warming rapidly, mostly because of human activities, and that this will lead to significant climate change during this century (Miller, Spoolman 2010). Climate change throughout history has affected evolution and natural selection, moving continents and dispersing populations throughout the world with these movements. Until the industrialization of the human population a hundred and sixty years ago our atmosphere maintained a unique combination of chemicals. Absorbing the natural emissions from volcanic action and the life cycle, balancing the chemical composition providing a life sustaining biome. The atmosphere provides both life and protection to the ecosystems on the planet from the sun’s UV rays and a variety of debris from space. The atmosphere acts as a blanket working in a layering system to...
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...Dr. Brook Anthropology 5 March 2012 Midterm 1 Espinal 1 Part A (2) Participant observation, for many years, has been a hallmark anthropological study. In recent years, the field of education has seen an increase in the number of qualitative studies that include participant observation as a way to collect information. Qualitative methods of data collection, such as interviewing, observation, and document analysis, have been included under the umbrella term of "ethnographic methods" in recent years Aspects of observation discussed herein include various definitions of participant observation, some history of its use, the purposes for which such observation is used, the stances or roles of the observer, and additional information about when, what, and how to observe It is also a structured type of research strategy. It is a widely used methodology in many disciplines, particularly, cultural anthropology. Its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals (such cultural group, or a particular community) and their practices through an intensive involvement with people in their natural environment, usually over an extended period of time. Observation methods are useful to anthropologists in a variety of ways. They provide researchers with ways to check for nonverbal expression of feelings, determine who interacts with whom, grasp how participants communicate with each other, and check...
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...CHAP TER Introducing Psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning explanation. Psychology is a popular major for students, a popular topic in the public media, and a part of our everyday lives. Television shows such as Dr. Phil feature psychologists who provide personal advice to those with personal or family difficulties. Crime dramas such as CSI, Lie to Me, and others feature the work of forensic psychologists who use psychological principles to help solve crimes. And many people have direct knowledge about psychology because they have visited psychologists, for instance, school counselors, family therapists, and religious, marriage, or bereavement counselors. Because we are frequently exposed to the work of psychologists in our everyday lives, we all have an idea about what psychology is and what psychologists do. In many ways I am sure that your conceptions are correct. Psychologists do work in forensic fields, and they do provide counseling and therapy for people in distress. But there are hundreds of thousands of psychologists in the world, and most of them work in other places, doing work that you are probably not aware of. Most psychologists work in research laboratories, hospitals, and other field settings where they study the behavior of humans and animals. For instance, my colleagues in the Psychology Department at the University of Maryland study such...
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...Introduction Money is nothing and money is everything. Money takes very important role in our society. People cannot imagine life without them. Even little kid knows that he can buy most desired thing for money. Money is a special good which performs a role of global equivalent by expressing value of all other goods. Nowadays we can pay for services in cash, checks, and bank cards. In Slovak republic, like everywhere else, real circulation represents notes, coins and paper money. In this work is analyzed where did the money come from, evolution, what caused their appearance, how they have been accepted in society then. What factors influenced the development of trade exchange and measure as it is today. So, where did the money which is so important in our lives come from? Contents Definition of money 3 Theories of money origin 4 Prehistoric material money 5 Prehistoric metal money 7 First coins 8 Money in Slovakia 10 Money before 1993 10 Money in Slovakia after 1993 11 Slovakia and Euro 11 Conclusions 13 References 14 Definition of money In essence, to satisfy our need we produce goods and provide services (or just do what we need to do). And papers which are called money do not bring any direct benefit. Doubled company’s products, we become richer, but if we print more money we do not become richer at all. With this example we can show that money is totally irrelevant thing. On the other hand, money and financial institutions related...
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...Becky Vella Muskat LIN 1180 Semantics Assessment type: Assignment Date: February 28th 2011 Table of Contents Distinguish between sense, reference and denotation 3 Outline the main features of Prototype Theory and show how it differs from the classical view of concepts as necessary and sufficient conditions. Give examples to support your answer 5 To what extent would you expect people who speak different languages to display fundamental differences in the way they think and perceive the world? Support your answer with examples from one particular domain, such as that of colour terms or number words 7 Bibliography 9 Distinguish between sense, reference and denotation I answer this question in an attempt to draw a distinction between sense, reference and denotation. While doing my research I discovered a clearly defined line between sense and reference, however the line between reference and denotation seems slightly hazier and thus somewhat more difficult to define. The only analogy I can think of, is trying to compare chopsticks to a fork and knife. How does one distinguish between two entities that are essentially the same functionally yet, intrinsically different? This essay is an attempt to make this distinction, by defining denotation before drawing a contrast to reference and sense respectively. A clear definition of denotation can be understood through Saussure’s (1959) explanation of the signification (concept) and signal (sound pattern)...
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