...There have been several empirical research materials providing evidence on the success of prison educational programs in reducing the return to prison rates. First and foremost, in Michigan, the Prisoner Education proponents have expressed the importance of educational programs for the ex-convicts while being incarcerated in reducing the rate of recidivism as documented by Brunton-Smith and Hopkins (2014). The primary goal of several prison education programs is to offer behavior correctional lessons while providing instructions that will help refine the convicts’ behavior to meet the behavioral norms of the general public. Skills are incorporated into the prison educational curriculum which is made up of basic skills of literacy and essential...
Words: 1757 - Pages: 8
...Maruna Response Paper 1) The idea of desistance is talked about throughout the course of the Maruna book. Desistance can be defined as a sudden end of criminal behavior. Understanding desistance has been a challenge for many years, with many criminologists publishing theories. Matza and Glazer believed that criminal behavior was sporadic. Matza was one of the first people to explain the idea of desistance and theories of criminal behavior. Glazer described criminal behavior as a “zigzag path” because criminals often go back and forth between committing crimes (Maruna, 2001). These criminals can commit a crime and then obey the law for the next couple weeks. The problem with defining desistance is the question of what really constitutes as legit desistance. Like stated before, someone can go months or even years without committing a crime, but does that mean the offending behavior is terminated? Farrall and Bowling view desistance as the ending of a criminal career (Maruna, 2001). Farrall and Bowling describe this type of desistance almost the same way that a person quits a job where one stops doing a routine. The factors that had the most impact on the desistance process would be choice or rational choice. When criminals were asked why they stopped committing crimes most became sick of the lifestyle and hit rock bottom so they wanted to start a new chapter in their lives. This is important because the ex offenders are making rational decisions to stop committing crimes. These...
Words: 2401 - Pages: 10
...The U.S. Department of Justice, the Office of Justice Program states that more than 650,000 ex-offenders are released annually from a state or federal prison. The Department of Justice has implemented a re-entry program; this is when offenders make a transition from prisons and/or jails. The cost of housing an inmate in a federal or a state correctional facility is approximately $20,000 to $25,000 per year. The re-entry population consists all individuals that are returning to society who have been convicted of a criminal offense. These individuals have served time in a federal, state, or local level. Research outlines an effective correctional intervention maintains resources should focus on high risk offenders. Ex-offender are less likely to retain gainful employment, they are less educated, and they have a higher risk of substance abuse and mental health issues. Many of the prison reentry programs varies in methodology, range and scope; however, the best programs according to research are reentry programs that begin during incarceration phase and continues through the reintegrating phase. The United States government needs to be responsible for assisting ex-offenders in becoming a viable and successful candidate in society. These...
Words: 2166 - Pages: 9
...Amenities to Blame for Repeat Offenders Michele Jimenez Wayland Baptist University October 29, 2011 Abstract Repeat offenders in the prison system are becoming a revolving door. This paper will examine and give your percentages and statistics of how many become repeat offenders due to the fact of the amenities inside most prisons. Gathering information from different prisons and their living conditions have brought a great deal of questions to why are they offered so many for free. Given information on resources shortages in different welfare-related areas, such as education, employment, housing, social relations and health, affect the risk for re offending. Data on their living conditions were collected by personal interviews, articles and statistics from Department of Criminal Justice. Although, the data was inconclusive in many of these areas, many implications for instruction are presented. Much of the data linked to their history of becoming repeat offenders. Findings of data that reflected their efforts to stay out of prison was affected by their of living conditions and some of the luxury amenities are primarily felt by those who at the time of interview had not previously served time in prison are making crime a career. Also, researching and comparing when jail standards were not as important as they are now. Reflecting that the conditions that have improved for them did quit enlighten the nation’s legal system. Proving that the overcrowding was due to repeat...
Words: 1953 - Pages: 8
...De Stefani Caterina Univerity of Trento n.151433 University of Latvia n.cd13004 ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY: Research on the Tasmanians, the destruction of their people and their culture and the opinion of the English scientist of the Tasmanians in the 19th century? Since the 60s of the XVIII century, the Aboriginal Tasmanians caught the attention of the scientific community due to their primitive characters and became the subject of studies of physical anthropology and paleoanthropology. The Aboriginal Tasmanians were indigenous people of Tasmania which is an island slightly larger in size than West Virginia located 200 miles off Australia’s southeast coast. Tasmanians probably went there crossing a land bridge that connected the island to the continent of Australia during the last Ice Age 40,000-35,000 years ago. With the passage of time, the gradual rising of the sea level submerged the Australian-Tasmanian land bridge and the Black aborigines of Tasmania experienced the longest period of isolation in human history: more than 10,000 years of solitude and physical isolation from the rest of the world until Europeans arrived and settled in the beginning of the 19th century. The aboriginal inhabitants of the island were Black people which were marked by curled hair with skin complexions ranging from black to reddish-brown. They were relatively short in stature with little body fat. The Tasmanian aborigines were hunter-gatherers with an exceptionally basic technology....
Words: 1847 - Pages: 8
...Abstract This paper will define the topic definition and will indicate a couple of scenarios and cases that relate to this topic. It will indicate what goes into a background check and what the pros and cons are. I will inform my readers what I learned and the conclusion of my paper. Topic I just went in for an interview at a prestigious company that I have been dreaming of working at for many years and they said the job is mine if everything clears with my background check. Background check? As I walk out of the building I cannot help but wonder what they might find that may be detrimental to my opportunity to get this job. Questions start flying through my mind as my heart begins to race. What might they find from my past jobs? What are they trying to find? Who will they talk to? I have never stolen anything from my past jobs, embezzled or any of that sort. Or, do they not have limitations on how far back they will look. Will they find out I stole that one pack of bubble gum when I was 6 years old or when I was an accessory to changing price tags on bed sheets at Ross? Will they find out I worked at that company and did not put that on my resume as I only worked there for only a month? Should I go back in and confess all my wrong doings? Or, am I just overreacting? As I’m getting into my car I decided that I was being irrational and should just wait until I get a call back from the company. All I can really do is just wait, or do some amateur...
Words: 1567 - Pages: 7
...UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COUNSELLING SERVICES IN GHANAIAN PRISONS: A STUDY OF ANKAFUL AND SEKONDI PRISONS. REV. FR. DUAH 2014 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Since ancient times till now, no clan or society has existed without crimes and offenses of some kind for which society inflicts punishments (Dobb, 1994). In pre-colonial Ghana, different traditional societies had their own various ways of meting out punishments, deterring and rehabilitating offenders and deviants. In these societies, the socialization of the people and sanctions meted out to offenders were both in accordance to the customs, values, belief systems and traditions of the people. Power and authority rested on the chiefs and traditional rulers as well as heads of clans and families to punish culprits of various offenses and offer rehabilitation services. According to The Library of Congress Country Studies (1994) there was no prison system in the traditional Ghanaian society in the colonial era and advent of western education and culture in Ghana. The Ghana Police Service was established and mandated to provide the security needs of the citizens by protecting lives and properties. The judiciary or law courts of Ghana were also given the mandate to provide fair trial and justice to offenders arranged before them and those found guilty were given various punishments ranging from fines to custodian sentences in jail to serve as a deterrent to others. In the mid-nineteenth...
Words: 1595 - Pages: 7
...some cases they turn into victims of abuse themselves. Prison causes psychological distress, through overcrowding and bullying. This can lead to offenders self-harming and in many cases it can lead to suicide, which is more common in prison than the general population. Deaths in prison can be given various rulings by the coroner such as suicide (the prisoner had the intention to kill themselves), death by misadventure (accidental death) which in some instances can be self-harm gone wrong, and open verdicts. Dooley et al wanted to examine the unnatural deaths that occurred in prisons in England and Wales from 1972 and 1987. This research was in the form of a content analysis of prison department personal papers of prisoners’ records. Dooley compared verdicts of suicide with verdicts of unnatural causes or death by misadventure rulings. The research found that 300 suicides occurred in the time frame, 52 of which were due to self-inflicted harm gone wrong. There was little difference between the suicide group and the group that had self-harmed. However there were some real differences. For example, it was found that the prisoners who committed suicide were more likely to do so at night (this is so there is a less likely chance of them being caught in the act) and that the self-harm gone wrong group were more likely to be found during the daytime (this is because their incidents of self-harm were more likely a call for attention). It was also found that the suicide group had no...
Words: 1363 - Pages: 6
...culture on the masses, “Doodh maangoge to kheer denge, Kashmir maangoge to cheer denge!” This is the most a layperson would know about the issue, thanks to popular culture. However, a 2014 film ‘Haider’ directed by Vishal Bhardwaj presented a very different viewpoint compared to the above regarding the issue of Kashmir. The film showed the horrifying implications of the totalitarian law of AFSPA (Armed Forces Specials Powers Act) in Kashmir and the people there. The movie went to gain critical and commercial success and many of its dialogues gained cult status. And though here I provide no measured empirical evidence, yet based on my little research, this movie brought a lot of change regarding the common perception on the issue of Kashmir. It has gone beyond the common sanghi idea of stupid patriotism. However, let me come to the point of my term paper. In the general discourse regarding minorities everywhere, the issue of sexual minorities has been relatively late and therefore, recent. Not much awareness has been around this issue and certainly even in popular culture it has not had as much representation. Let’s begin by defining who sexual minorities are: Sexual minorities are a group whose sexual identity, orientation or practices differ from the majority of the surrounding society. Usually, Sexual minorities comprise of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals. Male-female dichotomy in hetero-normative societies has created havoc in the life of sexual minorities thus...
Words: 1042 - Pages: 5
...the death penalty. II. How do you got put on the death row “death penalty” A. What state uses what method? B. What states don’t use any method? III. What do the people think about the death penalty in the U.S.? A. Why are people for the death penalty? B. Why are people against the death penalty? Conclulusion-The death penalty isn’t the right way to go for punishment after a crime it just as worse as the person that committed the crime. Fighting Crime with Murder The death penalty is a common topic and one of the major’s topics today. This research paper as you can already see is about the death penalty and it will show and tell what it is, how it works also how it is wrong because, two wrongs do not make a right even though two negatives make positive. I have learned many of things about the death penalty more than what I expected to learn. I hope by you reading my research paper you will learn how the death penalty isn’t the right way to go just like abortions some people say abortions are right but not the death penalty or the other way around it does not make any sense they both are murdering someone. Yes, the person on the death penalty did something wrong to get there but like I said before two wrongs does not make a right. Make them suffer in the prisons for what they have done instead of dying painless. Also now days you never can tell if that person truly committed that crime unless you were there or not. The death penalty has been around...
Words: 2659 - Pages: 11
...A Look at Racial Disparity in the United States Prison System Micah O’Daniel Institutional Corrections 2/22/11 Racial inequality in the American criminal justice system has a strong effect of many realms of society such as the family life, and employment. Education and race seem to be the most decisive factors when deciding who goes to jail and what age cohort has the greatest percentage chance of incarceration. Going to prison no longer affects just the individual who committed the crime. Instead, the family and community left behind gain a new burden by one individual's actions. The United States still has a large disparity between Whites and Blacks and now a growing Hispanic population. This racial disparity in the educational system, job sector, and neighborhoods have all contributed to the booming prison population in the latter part of the 20th century which has only continued to widen in the 21st century. At the end of 2006, the Bureau of Justice released data that stated that there were 3,042 black male prisoners per 100,000 black males in the United States, compared to 1,261 Hispanic male prisoners per 100,000 Hispanic males, and 487 white male prisoners per 100,000 white males (USDOJ, 2008). The likelihood of black males going to prison in their lifetime is 16% compared to 2% of white males and 9% of Hispanic males (USDOJ, 2008). Other social factors can be linked to the racial inequality in the criminal justice system such as socioeconomic status, the environment...
Words: 1466 - Pages: 6
....................................... 3 1.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................. 3 1.2 RESEARCH PLAN .................................................................. 3 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ..................... 4 Chapter 2: PREAMBLE ...................................................................... 5 1.1 WHAT IS FALSE IMPRISONMENT ..................................... 5 1.2 WHO IS LIABLE FOR FALSE IMPRISONMENT ............... 8 Chapter 2: FALSE IMPRISONMENT AS A TORT ........................... 9 Chapter 3: INGREDIENTS OF TORT OF FALSE IMPRISONMENT ............................................................................. 15 Chapter 4: REMEDIES ..................................................................... 17 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION ............................................................... 20 Chapter 6: BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................... 22 1 haripriya91@gmail.com HARI PRIYA NALSAR TABLE OF CASES: A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras .................................................................... 10 Altken vs Badwell (1827) Mood & M 68 ........................................................... 8 Bheema vs Chapman (1848) 8 MHC 38............................................................. 8 Bhim Singh vs State of Jammu & Kashmir ...................................................... 13 Cobbet v. Gray (1852) 4 EX 729 ..........................................
Words: 5441 - Pages: 22
...community (Taxman, Pattavina, & Caudy, 2014). Based on this, the determination of the causes of ineffective reentry is discussed with focus on the mass incarceration and prisoner reentry. In pursuit of this objective, scholarly material is identified and reviewed, from which discussion on the trends of mass incarceration and reentry shall be done and thereafter, the analysis of the theoretical and policy issues aligned to the topical issue shall be conducted. Based on the results of the research, policy recommendations on improving the effectiveness of reentry programs and thereby reducing collateral harms of incarceration shall be developed. Based on the research which has been conducted, it has been ascertained that one of the most significant influences of mass incarceration and prisoner reentry effectiveness are the policy which lead to incarceration, the structure of the criminal justice system, and the conditions which the prisoners are exposed to while incarcerated. In the succeeding section, the paper describes the trends in mass incarceration and prisoner reentry. Trends in Mass Incarceration and Prisoner Reentry in the United States From the beginning the 1970, the United States realized a steep increase in the rate of incarcerations. However, these cannot be compared to the rise of levels which hit a daily occupancy rate of over two million inmates at any given day in 2003 (Morenoff & Harding, 2014). This is in line with the increasing rates of recidivism and the costs of...
Words: 4643 - Pages: 19
...INTRODUCTION The title of this work is “Australian English” The work which is presented deals with the study of the Australian English Language, about its pronunciation, regional variations, vocabulary. The Australian English is a language with its own peculiarities and it differs a lot from Standard English and the other variants because it has its own history and development. There appeared a large number of new words in each variety of the English language because of historical, political, different socio- economic events and of course it has affected to the Australian English. I wanted to learn more about the appearance, development and using nowadays of the Australian English language. The aims of this work are: -To study the difficulties of using and understanding the words in AusE -To define cultural peculiarities of AusE speakers The topicality of this work is explained by the interest to the difference of Australian English between the other English variants and to the practical usage of the vocabulary. The theoretical value of this work is determined by necessity of the comprehensive analysis of Australian English because every language allows different kinds of variations: geographical or territorial, stylistic and others. It is very important to use up- to –date information of the western scientists who are concerned nearly to the English linguistics. The practical value is seen in rising interest to the English...
Words: 9331 - Pages: 38
... Community Corrections or Incarceration Abstract In this research paper will read about different subjects and topics that pertain to incarceration and community corrections. The incarceration rate is going up in the United States while at the same time community corrections is slowly fading away because of limited support from the local communities and government officials within each state. In this research I hope to find out those community corrections has more to offer than incarceration. In conclusion incarceration is not the right way but community corrections will be. Community Corrections or Incarceration Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Background on Community Corrections Background on Incarceration Effectives of Community Corrections Effectives of Incarceration Programs dealing with Community Corrections Programs while Incarcerated Theory Interview with Mr. Sharron Wilson Result Reference Page Community Corrections or Incarceration Introduction Community Corrections is a better solution than incarceration because it offers many different alternative programs for several different types of offenders. Incarceration also offers similar programs that will help offenders while incarcerated. In this research I found out that there are many different things concerning community corrections programs that lead up to incarceration...
Words: 6548 - Pages: 27
