...APUSH Study Guide 8 A weak Confederacy and the Constitution, 1776-1790 Themes/Constructs: The federal Constitution represented a moderately conservative reaction against the democratilizing effects of the Revolution and the Articles of Confederation. The American Revolution was not a radical transformation like the French or Russian revolutions, but it produced political innovations and some social change in the direction of greater equality and democracy. The American Revolution did not overturn the social order, but it did produce substantial changes in social customs, political institutions, and ideas about society and government. Among the changes were the separation of church and state in some places, the abolition of slavery in the North, written political constitutions, and a shift in political power from the eastern seaboard toward the frontier. The first weak government, the Articles of Confederation, was unable to exercise real authority, although it did successfully deal with the western lands issue. The Confederation’s weakness in handling foreign policy, commerce and the Shays Rebellion spurred the movement to alter the Articles. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, the protection for property, while still upholding republican...
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... C. Toward National Citizenship III. Federalism Today A. Interdependency and Intergovernmental Relations B. Government Revenues and Intergovernmental Relations 1. Fiscal Federalism 2. Categorical and Block Grants C. Devolution 1. The Republican Revolution 2. Devolution, Judicial Style IV. The Public’s Influence: Setting the Boundaries of Federal-State Power Chapter Summary The foremost characteristic of the American political system is its division of authority between a national government and the states. The first U.S. government, established by the Articles of Confederation, was essentially a loose alliance of states. In establishing the basis for a more powerful national...
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...UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION CONCEPT The term ‘Industrial Relations’ comprises of two terms: ‘Industry’ and ‘Relations’. “Industry” refers to “any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged”. By “relations” we mean “the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen.” | | | | The term industrial relations explain the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Industrial relations are the relationships between employees and employers within the organizational settings. The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Industrial relations are basically the interactions between employers, employees and the government, and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated. The term industrial relations have a broad as well as a narrow outlook. Originally, industrial relations were broadly defined to include the relationships and interactions between employers and employees. From this perspective, industrial relations cover all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource management, employee relations, and union-management (or labor) relations. Now its meaning has become more specific and restricted. Accordingly, industrial relations pertains to the study and practice of collective...
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...History 11 exam 2 study guide 1) Explain the structure of the US Gov. under the new constitution and describe the compromises that led to its ratification? What problems do you think remained for the united states under this constitution? The structure of the US Gov under the new constitution sets out the powers of the United States does and what the State powers are as well. In addition Madison is setting up a competion between the US Gov and the States. The US gov can coin money, make taxes, make treaties. State Powers can create taxes, make treaties, but can’t coin money. Many of the powers of the States are often duplicated from the Us Gov. powers. Also there is the 3 branch concept which consist of Executive branch (President, Enforce laws),Legislative Branch (Congress, Make Laws), and Judicial Branch( Interept Laws). These branches will also compete with each other. Example of congress fighting with the president on raising the national debt ceiling. In addition the Judicial branch will sometimes get involved because they have the power to declare a law constitutional or unconstitutional which is the final say. In addion the Judicial Branch can also interpret laws made by the legislative Branch.The compromise that led to the ratification are Virginia Plan:being a large state, because virgina had a larger population.the viginians did not think it was fair for a state to have 3times less population to have a equal vote as a larger state such as virginia.They wanted more...
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...UNIT 1 Answer Key CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 Section 1 Prereading and Vocabulary 2 Reading Comprehension 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. oligarchy citizen democracy constitution state two basic levels; certain decisions; only the federal government; each of the states Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and several regional, or state, governments. 1. Population; the people who live within the boundaries of the state 2. Territory; land with known and recognized boundaries 3. Sovereignty; the supreme and absolute power within a state’s territory to decide its own foreign and domestic policies 4. Government; the institution through which society makes and enforces public policies 5. Force theory; the state was born of force, when one person or a small group gained control over people in an area and forced them to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. 6. Evolutionary theory; the state evolved from early families that united to form clans. Later, clans united to form tribes. As tribes settled into agricultural groups over time, they formed states. 7. Divine right theory; God created the state and gave a chosen few the right to rule. 8. Social contract theory; people voluntarily agreed to create a state and give to the government just enough power to promote the safety and well-being of all. Government exists to serve the will of the people, and the people are the sole source of political...
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...your endeavour for successful completion of the programme. Director Directorate of Distance Education Alagappa University Karaikudi, Tamilnadu. MBA PAPER 4.33 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SYLLABUS UNIT 1 Industrial Relations: Concept – Definition – Significance – Objectives – Scope – Approaches – Principles of good industrial relations – Role of State, Employers and the Unions in industrial relation. UNIT 2 Trade Unionism and Industrial Relations: Labour movement – Concepts – Trade union movement – Development of trade unionism in Indian – Functions and problems of trade unions. International Labour Movement – International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) – World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTC) – International Labour Organisations (ILO) – Origin, history, objectives and functions. UNIT 3 Industrial Disputes: Meaning – Causes – Forms – Industrial relations machinery – Joint consultation – Works...
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...for successful completion of the programme. Director Directorate of Distance Education Alagappa University Karaikudi, Tamilnadu. MBA PAPER 4.33 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SYLLABUS UNIT 1 Industrial Relations: Concept – Definition – Significance – Objectives – Scope – Approaches – Principles of good industrial relations – Role of State, Employers and the Unions in industrial relation. UNIT 2 Trade Unionism and Industrial Relations: Labour movement – Concepts – Trade union movement – Development of trade unionism in Indian – Functions and problems of trade unions. International Labour Movement – International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) – World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTC) – International Labour Organisations (ILO) – Origin, history, objectives and functions. UNIT 3 Industrial Disputes: Meaning – Causes – Forms – Industrial relations machinery – Joint consultation – Works...
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...Federal Government Exam 1 Review: The first exam will consist of questions generated from the following review sheet. Make sure you understand each of these topics before proceeding to the test. The exam will be timed so you will not have the ability to peruse your notes or retake the exam. The exam itself will consist of 30 multiple choice questions and you will have 35 minutes to complete the exam. Federalism: The Basic elements of a Federal system of government (i.e. how is it structured/how power is shared) • Layers of gov • Equal power • Distinct powers Powers of the federal government: delegated powers, implied powers (necessary and proper clause), and concurrent powers. • Delegated Powers: (expressed/enumerated powers) powers given to the federal government directly by the constitution. Some most important delegated powers are: the authority to tax, regulated interstate commerce, authority to declare war, and grants the president role of commander and chief of the military • Implied Powers: Powers not expressed in the constitution, but that can be inferred. “Necessary and proper clause” • Concurrent powers: powers shared by both levels of government. Ex: Taxes, roads, elections, commerce, establishing courts and a judicial system • Reserved powers: powers not assigned by the constitution to the national government but left to the states or the people. Guaranteed by the 10th amendment. Include “police power”-health and public...
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...Constitution 1992 of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam amended and supplemented under the Resolution No. 51/2001/QH10; The National Assembly promulgates the Labor Code. Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1. Scope of regulation The Labor Code specifies the labor standards; the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the employees, the employers, the labor representative organizations, the employer representative organizations in the labor relation and other relations directly related to the labor relation, the State management of labor. Article 2. Subjects of application 1. The Vietnamese employees, apprentices, interns and other employees specified in this Code. 2. The employers. 3. Foreign employees working in Vietnam. 4. Other individuals, agencies and organizations directly related to the labor relation. Article 3. Interpretation of terms In this Code, the following terms are construed as follows: 1. Employees are people from 15 years old and above, capable of working, working under labor contracts, receiving salaries and subject to the management of the employers. 2. The employers are enterprises, agencies, organizations, cooperatives, households and individuals hiring, employing employees under labor contracts. The individuals must be sufficiently capable of civil acts. 3. The labor collectives are organized collectives of the employees working for one employer or in one division under the organizational structure of the employer. 4. The internal labor representative...
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...34- 130226 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT QUESTION- You have been employed as a business consultant to advise a company manufacturing smart phones who wishes to explore the potential of doing business in one Latin American emerging market. You must produce a report that identifies the key issues that the company will face in your chosen market and secondly offer expert advice to attain business success in that market. CONTENTS- 1. Introduction. 2. View of Brazil’s economy. 3. Brazil as a BRICS Economy. 4. Market for smart phones in Brazil. 5. Using the porter’s five forces to analyse the market for smart phones in Brazil. 6. Competitors existing in the market. 7. How to enter the market. 8. Constraints to success for the company (using PESTLE model). 9. How to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. 1. INTRODUCTION The Cost (this involves the legal cost, corruption, lack of infrastructure), Benefits (size of the economy or economy growth),Risk (political-social unrest, economic mis-management) analysis has been used to analyse the favourable emerging market in Latin America which is Brazil. The main reasons for choosing this market will discussed in details. 2. OVERVIEW OF BRAZIL’S ECONOMY The chosen market is BRAZIL which is an emerging market and also the largest of the Latin American nations and the second largest in the western hemisphere with an average annual GDP growth rate of over 5%. In one...
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... This is not an introductory course. You are all lawyers; I shall assume a good deal of professional expertise, and that many of you already have a body of knowledge about American law. The task: prepare you for the coming year, give you the basic grounding that you will need for the courses you are going to start taking in September. For this, you need two things: ♥ A great deal of basic factual information about how the courts and the legal system function, and about basic legal concepts (and legal vocabulary); ♥ But more importantly: background information about some of the critical ways in which the American legal system is unique, and differs from legal systems elsewhere in the world. This is hard: often you will find that your professors or fellow‐students will make assumptions or presuppose certain ways of doing things that aren’t explained in class. A large goal of this course is to explain those assumptions, and make them explicit. >> UNIQUENESS OF AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEMS Briefly, there are four aspects of the American legal system that set it apart: 1) Inherited common law, existing out of three components: (a) judicial power; (b) civil jury trial; (c) law‐equity ; 2) Written Constitution and Bill of Rights; judicial...
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...China The first one is the economy. China's economy has been typically the best-performing economy or among the best-performing economies in the world since 1979 when reforms began, averaging about 7 percent growth. One note of concern, though, is that those conditions that allowed that 7 percent growth are not likely to be prevalent in the years to come, because for over 30 years, China has relied extensively on lower wage rates and export-driven growth. But wage rates have been bid up, as happens; the Chinese are victims of their own success, you could say. And secondly, the rest of the countries in the world are not going through high rates of growth, and they’re not going to be importing the way they had been historically. So, that formula isn’t going to be as successful going forward as it has been. China needs to shift away from an export-driven economy to more of a consumption model. It needs to be mindful about funding its state-owned enterprises, about subsidizing state-owned companies. It needs to lessen its reliance on low-end manufacturing and move up the value chain. By the way, these aren’t my observations; these are observations by Chinese leadership. If you follow any Chinese leader’s speech on China’s economic transformation, these are the points he’ll make. We would call that market rationalism or just normal evolution as a country rises to middle-income status. But there are also some countervailing impulses. There’s a strong streak of economic nationalism;...
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...that has a reasonable relationship to the welfare of the citizens of that state. The power of the federal government was delegated to it by the states while the power of the states was retained by them when the Constitution was ratified. The Constitution does not expressly give the states the power to regulate, but limits the states’ exercise of powers not delegated to the federal government. Chapter Outline I. The Constitutional Powers of Government Before the U.S. Constitution, the Articles of Confederation defined the central government. A. A Federal Form of Government The U.S. Constitution established a federal form of government, delegating certain powers to the national government. The states retain all other powers. The relationship between the national government and the state governments is a partnership—neither partner is superior to the other except within the particular area of exclusive authority granted to it under the Constitution. B. The Separation of Powers Deriving power from the Constitution, each of the three governmental branches (the executive, the...
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...International Law Name: UDAYA.R.S Enrolment Number: MBA1/JUN15N/71101434345916F Roll Number: N15NOV/7110 Question 1. Explain the different international organizations Answer: 1. Introduction This section reviews the complete range of international organizations. The conventional categories used are first examined, then various ways of distinguishing between the many kinds of organization and degrees of "internationality" are considered. The problem of borderline cases is discussed, together with non-organizational substitutes for organizations and possible alternative forms of organization. Quantitative information on the growth of international institutions and indicative data on regional organizations are also presented. A major difficulty in obtaining some understanding of international organizations is the variety of organizational forms which need to be considered. Abstract classification schemes, particularly when simplified for convenience, tend to conceal the existence of well-developed groups of organizations with distinct features. The approach employed here has been to use several different ways of breaking up the range of organizations and to cite several examples of organizations of any particular type. The intent is not to put forward a new systematic classification of international organizations but rather to facilitate an appreciation of the variety of bodies which could be incorporated into any...
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...CHAPTER 9 LABOUR PRACTICES AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN TNCS: THE CASE OF TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR IN INDIA KRISHNA SHEKHAR LAL DAS & SOBIN GEORGE 1. INTRODUCTION The study on the working conditions and labour practices in Toyota Kirloskar in India is part of the network research on Transnational Corporation Monitoring in Asia. Since 2002 the Asian Transnational Corporation (ATNC) Monitoring Network has been operational to build up a regional network through which labour organisations in different Asian countries can pursue concrete solidarity actions to improve working conditions of workers employed in transnational corporations (TNC). Against this backdrop, it is aimed to have a closer look at the labour management and forms of employment in automobile and electronics sectors invested by Asian TNCs in Asia. As part of this endeavour, the Centre for Education and Communication (CEC), New Delhi collaborated with the network research coordinated by Asia Monitor Resource Centre (AMRC), Hong Kong to observe the labour practices of Asian TNCs invested in India. In the first phase the network research focused on the movement of capital and its impact on labour by engaging desk research on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows and related aspects. In the current phase, emphasis is on specific cases of labour practices and labour conditions in selected ATNCs. 1.1 Methodology The present study is situated in the wider context of the dichotomy between labour and capital. The changes of production...
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