...UNIT 37: THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR Get assignment help for this unit at assignmenthelpuk@yahoo.com LO1 Understand the history and structure of the travel and tourism sector History: pilgrimages, the grand tours, post industrial revolution, post war, current; factors facilitating growth eg technology, time, money, freedom of movement, infrastructure, social conditions; possible future developments eg sustainability Travel and tourism sector: travel services; tourism services; conferences and events; visitor attractions; accommodation services; passenger transport; relationships and links, levels of integration; Liepers tourist system, chain of distribution; private, public and voluntary sectors https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5649485182751853952#editor/target=post;postID=3967859198127394100 LO2 Understand the influence of local and national governments and international agencies on the travel and tourism sector Influence: direct, indirect; economic policy, political change, planning to minimise negative effects of tourism Government: levels eg local, regional, national, European Union; Government sponsored bodies, regional tourist boards; functions, interrelationships International agencies: agencies eg United Nations, World Tourism Organisation, World Travel and Tourism Council, International Civil Aviation Organisation, International Air Transport Association; functions, interrelationships with governments LO3 Understand the effects of supply and demand...
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...[pic][pic] E-Commerce Management (Lecturer: Mr Damien Yam) Individual Assignment Assignment Question: Explain how the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and E-Commerce has produced competitive advantage to Hospitality Industry Done by: Jane Lim Chiew Ping Submitted on: 19th November 2009 Table of Contents Page 1.0 Introduction……………………………………….. ………03 2.0 E-Commerce Applications for Hospitality Organizations…05 3. Lodging……………………………………………….........06 4.0 Food Industry………………………………………………12 5.0 Meetings and Events………………….……………………14 6. Entertainment/Recreation………………………………….15 7. Airlines………………………………. ……………………16 8. Travel Agents……………………………………………....19 9. Cruise Lines ………………………………………………..21 10. Conclusion……………………………………………….. ..24 11. References………………………………………………….25 [pic] Introduction When most people think about hospitality industry, they have visions of hotels, airlines, cruise ships, restaurants, health spas, and the like, based on their personal experiences. All aspects of the industry are involved in business processes at the operations level. Business processes consist of transactions and interactions with guests or customers, employees and even other businesses. A transaction is an activity such as checking in to a hotel or placing an order in a restaurant. Interactions include the relationships that...
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...SYLLABUS Cambridge International AS and A Level Travel and Tourism 9395 For examination in June and November 2015 Cambridge Advanced Changes to syllabus for 2015 This syllabus has been updated, but there are no significant changes. Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Why choose Cambridge? Why choose Cambridge International AS and A Level? Why choose Cambridge International AS and A Level Travel and Tourism? Cambridge AICE (Advanced International Certificate of Education) Diploma How can I find out more? 2. Teacher support .............................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Support materials 2.2 Resource lists 2.3 Training 3. Assessment at a glance ................................................................................................. 7 4. Syllabus aims and assessment objectives.....................................................
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...UNIT 1 The travel and tourism industry Introduction T he travel and tourism industry is one of the biggest and fastest growing industries in the UK. This unit will give you an introduction to the industry, providing a sound basis for further study. You will find out about the nature of the industry, its size and scale, and you will be introduced to the types of organisations that form its structure. In addition you will investigate the development of the industry and the factors which have affected the growth of travel and tourism. How you will be assessed This unit is assessed through an external assessment set by Edexcel. A variety of exercises and activities is provided in this unit to help you develop your understanding of the industry and prepare for the external assessment. After completing the unit you will achieve the following outcomes: ✱ Understand the nature and characteristics of travel and tourism and the travel and tourism industry ✱ Understand the development of the travel and tourism industry ✱ Explain the structure of the travel and tourism industry ✱ Explain the scale of the travel and tourism industry. UNIT 1: THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY 1 1.1 The nature and characteristics of travel and tourism and the travel and tourism industry What is tourism? Defining tourism is not a simple matter, as it is a complex industry made up of many different businesses, the common theme being that they provide products and services...
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...19-30 April 1999, New York TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM Background Paper #1 Prepared by the World Travel and Tourism Organization and International Hotel and Restaurant Association The Global Importance of Tourism prepared by the World Travel & Tourism Council and International Hotel & Restaurant Association A. Introduction Creating jobs and wealth 1. Travel & Tourism is the world’s largest industry and creator of jobs across national and regional economies. WTTC/WEFA research show that in 2000, Travel & Tourism will generate, directly and indirectly, 11.7% of GDP and nearly 200 million jobs in the world-wide economy. These figures are forecasted to total 11.7% and 255 million respectively in 2010. 2. Jobs generated by Travel & Tourism are spread across the economy - in retail, construction, manufacturing and telecommunications, as well as directly in Travel & Tourism companies. These jobs employ a large proportion of women, minorities and young people; are predominantly in small and medium sized companies; and offer good training and transferability. Tourism can also be one of the most effective drivers for the development of regional economies. These patterns apply to both developed and emerging economies. Contributing to sustainable development 3. The 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), the Rio Earth Summit, identified Travel & Tourism as one of the key sectors of the economy which could...
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...Economic impacts of Tourism Page # 1 Economic Impacts of Tourism Daniel J. Stynes Businesses and public organizations are increasingly interested in the economic impacts of tourism at national, state, and local levels. One regularly hears claims that tourism supports X jobs in an area or that a festival or special event generated Y million dollars in sales or income in a community. “Multiplier effects” are often cited to capture secondary effects of tourism spending and show the wide range of sectors in a community that may benefit from tourism. Tourism’s economic benefits are touted by the industry for a variety of reasons. Claims of tourism’s economic significance give the industry greater respect among the business community, public officials, and the public in general. This often translates into decisions or public policies that are favorable to tourism. Community support is important for tourism, as it is an activity that affects the entire community. Tourism businesses depend extensively on each other as well as on other businesses, government and residents of the local community. Economic benefits and costs of tourism reach virtually everyone in the region in one way or another. Economic impact analyses provide tangible estimates of these economic interdependencies and a better understanding of the role and importance of tourism in a region’s economy. Tourism activity also involves economic costs, including the direct costs incurred by tourism businesses, government...
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...Hospitality and Tourism Education and Training A Case Study of Scotland. Geno Trapaidze The Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management University of Strathclyde A thesis submitted in part of the requirements for the degree of MSc in International Hospitality Management September, 2007. ABSTRACT 1 The purpose of this study is to examine the role of education and training and its impact on labour supply to the Scotland hospitality and tourism industry; what are the current issues are there? And how those issues can be minimised? Its also seeks to identify the relation between the customer satisfaction and the service employees via service quality for maintain the growth of the hospitality and tourism industry. It also tries to identify the current labour market issues of the hospitality and tourism sector in Scotland, and how these issues can be minimised. Research will be conducted through five individual interviews. This research should help the hospitality and tourism managers/employers understand the importance of retaining staff. Also it will aim to make educational institutions aware of the gap between the content and the design of their hospitality and tourism courses/degree programmes in relation to industry demand, as highlighted in relation to current labour market issues such as staff turnover rate, retention problems, and the image of the hospitality and tourism industry in Scotland. Key words: Service quality, staff turnover, poor image...
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...SPAIN: FROM ECONOMIC CRISES TO TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS José Francisco Perles-Ribes* (corresponding autor) (jose.perles@ua.es) Ana Belén Ramón-Rodríguez* (anar@ua.es) Antonio Rubia-Serrano** (antonio.rubia@ua.es) Luis Moreno-Izquierdo* (luis.moreno@ua.es) *Department of Applied Economic Analysis, University of Alicante ** Department of Financial Economics and Accounting, University of Alicante Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences University of Alicante Campus San Vicente del Raspeig 03080 Alicante Tel: 96 590 36 09 Fax: 96 590 93 22 Corresponding author details: José Francisco Perles-Ribes (jose.perles@ua.es or jfperles@gmail.com) Particular adress: Urb. Manzanera 13-R 03710 Calpe (Alicante) Tlf: +34 635 617 159 SPAIN: FROM ECONOMIC CRISES TO TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS Abstract: This paper considers the influence of economic crises on Spain’s tourism competitiveness. This competitiveness is measured by its share in world tourism. Analysing a period of forty years, the permanent effects of temporary or structural economic crises on competitiveness are observed. Furthermore, it identifies the economic transmission mechanisms operating and links them to the most relevant explanatory models of tourism destination competitiveness. The main conclusion obtained is that the effects of shocks on competitiveness are not neutral and that the negative effects are more persistent in highly intensive crises. This effect works through two basic transmission mechanisms: the...
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...Geography unit 4 Consuming the Rural Landscape – Leisure and Tourism Leisure: Freedom from time-consuming duties, responsibilities, or activities. Tourism: Temporary movement of people to destinations outside places where they normally live and work. Local Recreation: Surfing, hiking, exploring but it all involves your own local area Non-local Recreation: Going somewhere else to find activities e.g. surfing Business and recreational travel: Travel for pleasure e.g. city guides, coach drives Business and Personal travel: conferences, courses, training, interviews Leisure & non-working time: shopping, visiting museums, toured guides GROWTH OF LEISURE AND TOURISM: Since WWII: * Paid holidays from businesses →1938 UK holiday with pay act 4 days * Increased availability of free time → technology * Incomes have increased, mainly in MEDCs * Access to media e.g. travelling shows and documentaries about distant lands * Development of transport methods: train, car and aircraft carry more people, are faster and safer * People work less hours and have more holidays * Average worker in the EU 4 weeks paid holiday + public holidays * Average USA worker has only 2 paid weeks THE PLEASURE PERIPHERY MODEL: * INVENTED BY Turner and Ash → 1975 * The furthest distance tourist will travel is known as the Pleasure Periphery (PP) PLEASURE PERIPHERY MODEL: Country of origin: UK 1900-1939:...
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...Tourism Management 31 (2010) 1–12 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tourism Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Progress in Tourism Management A review of innovation research in tourism Anne-Mette Hjalager University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrsvej 9-10, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 27 January 2009 Accepted 31 August 2009 Keywords: Innovation Innovation systems Knowledge Clusters Policy a b s t r a c t Over the past two decades, there has been increasing focus on the topic of innovation in tourism. This article reviews the research contributions. Various categories of innovation – product, process, managerial, marketing and institutional – are addressed. Important determinants of innovation are acknowledged, including the role of entrepreneurship, technology push and the existence of territorial industry clusters. Representation of knowledge is also identified as a critical factor for both the occurrence and nature of innovations. The review reveals that there is still only limited systematic and comparable empirical evidence of the level of innovative activities and their impacts and wider implications for destinations and national economies. An agenda for future research is emerging, suggesting that there is quest for both formal quantification and for qualitative studies of the foundations, processes, implications and policies of innovation in tourism. Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd....
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...ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HOTEL DEVELOPMENT (A STUDY OF SHERATON HOTEL, IKEJA, LAGOS) A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED BY ODEODE FAITH EBANEHITA (Matric. No: RUN06-07/925) IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B. SC) DEGREE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT AND TOURISM STUDIES, COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY, OGUN STATE. MAY 2010 CERTIFICATION I certify that this research project titled ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HOTEL DEVELOPMENT (A STUDY OF SHERATON HOTEL, IKEJA, LAGOS) .................................................................................................. Was conducted and written by ODEODE FAITH EBANEHITA Run06-07/925 ........................................................ ........................ Name Matric No Under my supervision In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of (B. SC) TOURISM MANAGEMENT ............................................................. In the College of Management Sciences Redeemer’s University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria Mrs. A.O. Idowu Dr. (Mrs.) B.O. Adeleke _______________________ ____________________ Name, Signature and Date ...
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...Sector Report No. 8 / 2006 ICT and e-Business in the Tourism Industry ICT adoption and e-business activity in 2006 European Commission Tourism About e-Business W@tch and this report The European Commission, Enterprise & Industry Directorate General, launched the e-Business W@tch to monitor the growing maturity of electronic business across different sectors of the economy in the enlarged European Union, EEA and Accession countries. Since January 2002, the e-Business W@tch has analysed e-business developments and impacts in manufacturing, construction, financial and service sectors. All results are available on the internet and can be accessed or ordered via the Europa server or directly at the e-Business W@tch website (http://ec.europa.eu/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/watch/index.htm, www.ebusiness-watch.org). This document is a sector study by e-Business W@tch, focusing on the tourism industry. Its objective is to describe how companies in this industry use ICT for conducting business, to assess the impact of this development for firms and for the industry as a whole, and to indicate possible implications for policy. Analysis is based on literature, interviews, case studies and a survey among decision-makers in European enterprises from the tourism industry about the ICT use of their company. Disclaimer Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information...
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...New-fangled league: Cruise, Medical, Film, Wedding and Spiritual tourism Shivgit Dhaliwal 1.Abstract Tourism is an age old activity associated with civilized nations. Thus, tourism literature too has a long history. This paper critically exam the positioning of a New-fangled league of tourism products in India. The creation of New- fangled tourism products like medical tourism, spiritual tourism, religious circuits, wedding tourism, cruise tourism, caravan tourism and film tourism has served to widen the net of this sector. Inbound tourism is booming and the country is going all out to lure more travelers from around the world. Contrary to perceptions across the world that tourism in India is still limited to traditions, the country is opening up with trendy tour packages and reasonable air travel deals to woo inbound visitors from every segment. The paper will explore the different innovative ideas for improving tourism product which have added a new dimension to the tourism industry. Thus, it’s going to focus on different forms and positioning of tourism products in India. The benefits of this work would be presenting insights into a new-fangled tourism products and consumers of such, and an understanding of the challenges destinations face along the New- fangled league tourism life cycle. Finally, the practical benefits of this work to industry include a greater understanding of positioning and targeting their products. To illustrate...
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...Tess- SUMMARY 1. Size and importance of the market globally, in Europe and (if relevant) in France 2. How the sector has traditionally worked 3. The effect of the Internet on the sector 4. Who the major global players are (then discuss one of the major global players as a more detailed example) 5. E-business models being used by the major player you chose in part #4 (including analysis of revenues and costs involved; you can use the business model canvas as a guide) 6. Consumer reaction to e-business in the sector (not just the chosen company, but the sector as a whole) 7. Future development of the sector driven by e-business (the sector as a whole) 1. Size and importance of the market globally, in Europe and (if relevant) in France. Tourism is one of the most dynamic and resilient economic sectors. With international globalization tourists’ arrivals are reaching one billion each year and growth only expected to increase. Opportunities in the tourism industry are endless. Europe is the world’s most visited regional destination, an increase of 5% in international tourist arrivals has been noticed. It’s the highest increase across all regions and a notable result for a rather mature region. In France tourism is a major industry, the country is seen as the world’s leading tourist destination. Tourism led to 2 million jobs and 7%GDP, it is a strategic sector for the French economy. France is the world’s leading destination with 83.7 million tourists in 2014. The...
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...their strategies. Keywords: Conference attendees, Motivational factors, International conference, 1. INTRODUCTION The business tourism market is often segmented and denoted by acronym “MICE”, meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions. It is one of the key drivers of tourism destination development and therefore an important generator of income, employment and foreign investment. Beyond these economic benefits, the Meetings Industry also presents opportunities for knowledge sharing, networking and is an influential driver of intellectual development and regional cooperation. It, as a part of business tourism sector, is globally recognized for its valuable economic contribution to tourism destination, as well as for social and cultural benefits to the destination, the exchange of ideas, the cultivation of business contacts, facilitation of technology transfers etc (Weber and Chon,...
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