...Maslow is best known for his theory, the Hierarchy of Needs. Depicted in a pyramid, the theory explains the different levels and importance of human psychological and physical needs. It can be used by business managers to better understand employee motivation. The general needs in Maslow's hierarchy include physiological needs (food and clothing), safety needs (job security), social needs (friendship), self-esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs relates to organizational theory and behavior due to it's exploration of worker motivation, enabling better managerial practices and higher job satisfaction. Managers must be perceptive and empathetic to their employees—they must listen to what their employees' needs are and work to fulfill them. Maslow is best known for his theory, the Hierarchy of Needs. Depicted in a pyramid, the theory explains the different levels and importance of human psychological and physical needs. It can be used by business managers to better understand employee motivation. The general needs in Maslow's hierarchy include physiological needs (food and clothing), safety needs (job security), social needs (friendship), self-esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs relates to organizational theory and behavior due to it's exploration of worker motivation, enabling better managerial practices and higher job satisfaction. Managers must be perceptive and empathetic to their employees—they must listen to what their...
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...English▼ Home Answers Answers.com > Wiki Answers > Categories > Business & Finance > What is motivation explain maslows theory of motivation? What is motivation explain maslows theory of motivation? In: Business & Finance, Human Behavior, Psychological Disciplines [Edit categories] Distance Learning MBAwww.regenesys.co.zaAchieve an exclusive MBA, or BBA through E-Learning 011 669 5000 Zimbabwe Classifiedswww.classifieds.co.zwproperty, cars, jobs, computers, dating, travel, hardware, furniture Ads Answer: Maslow's Theory of Motivation - Hierarchy of Needs In 1943, Dr. Abraham Maslow 's article "A Theory of Human Motivation " appeared in Psychological Review, which were further expanded upon in his book: Toward a Psychology of Being In this article, Abraham H. Maslow attempted to formulate a needs-based framework of human motivation and based upon his clinical experiences with people, rather than as did the prior psychology theories of his day from authors such as Freud and B.F. Skinner, which were largely theoretical or based upon animal behavior. From this theory of motivation, modern leaders and executive managers find means of motivation for the purposes of employee and workforce management. Abraham Maslow's book Motivation and Personality (1954), formally introduced the Hierarchy of Needs. The basis of Maslow's motivation theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher...
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...Health status Title: Personality theories paper [...] In psychology, personality is a collection of emotional, thought and behavioral models of a certain person. Maslow has greatly contributed to personality theories. He has developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in which people develop via several stages. Though just a small number reach the highest stage and their full potential. Both women and men have been analyzed to develop his model (Maslow, 1987, p.87). [...] The Hierarchy of Needs theory by Maslow stays valid for understanding people’s motivation and personal development. Nowadays Maslow's ideas stated in the Hierarchy of Needs about the responsibility of employers to give workplace that makes it possible for employees to perform their potential are very appropriate. Abraham Maslow has got the degree in psychology at the University of Wisconsin where the foundation of his motivational investigation was laid and where he studied rhesus monkeys (Maslow, 1987, p.61). [...] Maslow's primary Hierarchy of Needs model that consists of five stages can be attributed to Maslow. Every person has his own needs and he is motivated by them. The most basic people’s needs are inborn. They have been developed during the entire human’s evolution. Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is aimed to explain the way needs motivate people. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs people must satisfy every need after the other, beginning with the first one that concerns the most urgent...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Theory of Personality Euphemia Cruz PSY/250 Dr. Karen Williams, Ph.D. 8/23/2012 Psychologist Abraham H. Maslow developed a theory of human motivation and personality known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s hierarchy attaches human behavior with the need to fulfill basic essentials for survival and growth. He first identified various categories of deficiency needs, known as “D-needs”, which are required for survival (FRIEDMAN & SCHUSTACK, 2012). Physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, and esteem needs are all categorized as “D-needs”. Each of these “D-needs” motivates humans to fill a void and obtain homeostasis (FRIEDMAN & SCHUSTACK, 2012). For humans to function daily basic requirements such as water, food, and oxygen must be satisfied, and therefore placed at the base level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Much importance is placed on this level as these needs must be fulfilled before any other. Needs above the base level are considered less significant for actual survival and desired mostly for mental comfort and growth. These needs are directly stimulated through formal education, lifestyle, and experiences. As a result of placing human needs in levels of importance, a pyramid is usually depicted as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Physiological needs, basic requirements for human survival, are located at the base level of the pyramid. In addition to the basic requirements listed earlier, shelter...
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...ERG Theory of Motivation - Clayton P. Alderfer In 1969, Clayton Alderfer's revision of Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, called the ERG Theory appeared in Psychological Review in an article titled "An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Need." Alderfer's contribution to organizational behavior was dubbed the ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness, and Growth), and was created to align Maslow's motivation theory more closely with empirical research. Similarities to Maslow's Needs Hierarchy After the original formulation of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, studies had shown that the middle levels of Maslow's hierarchy overlap. Alderfer addressed this issue by reducing the number of levels to three. The letters ERG represent these three levels of needs: • Existence refers to our concern with basic material existence motivators. • Relatedness refers to the motivation we have for maintaining interpersonal relationships. • Growth refers to an intrinsic desire for personal development. Like Maslow's model, the ERG motivation is hierarchical, and creates a pyramid or triangle appearance. Existence needs motivate at a more fundamental level than relatedness needs, which, in turn supercedes growth needs. Growth Self-Actualization External Esteem Needs Relatedness Internal Esteem Needs Social Needs Existence Safety Needs Physiological Needs Differences from Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Beyond simply reducing the distinction between overlapping...
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...The Content Theories of Motivation – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, Alderfer and McClleland’s Theories of Motivation – are all about the factors within a person and the needs that motivate people. Choose TWO of the above theories and answer the following questions: * First, compare and contrast the theories. What are the differences/similarities? * What are some of the criticisms of the two theories that you select? * Are these theories applicable today given that business today is so different from Maslow’s time (1940’s), Alderfer (1960’s), and Herberg and McClelland (1950’s)? Given the many changes in business from when these theories were first proposed, do these theories still provide us with the tools to be effective as managers? ------------------------ Motivational Theories explain how to stimulate people to reach their goals and objectives. There are two theories that I have chosen to analyze: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfer’s ERG Theory. Both of them caught my attention because they were very similar in structure yet different in their overall approach. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is based on five motivational needs arranged in a pyramidal hierarchical level. The base contains physiological needs and the top self-actualization needs. Alderfer’s ERG Theory is similar to Maslow’s because it is also structured in a hierarchical level. The multi-level system of this theories makes them easy to organize and follow as...
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...Critically evaluate Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a famous psychological theory developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. This theory says that there is a hierarchy of human needs which reflects their motivations. He divided human needs into five hierarchies: physical needs, security needs, social needs, self-esteem and self-actualization needs. He stated that human motivations approximately change through these five levels. As a result, it has been considered as a useful tool in management in western countries because motivation is an important factor of human behaviors. Motivation plays an important role in employment. Well motivated workers work harder with higher efficiency and have a stronger sense of participation. However, some criticisms point out that Maslow’s theory may not be able to applied in some other culture contexts like China because it is based on a narrow research with particular targets in America. That is to say that Maslow’s theory is not correct in all nations because of cultural differences, especially in China. This essay will give a critical evaluation of this theory by considering its advantages and defects of Maslow’s theory to see whether it is useful in China. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is generally useful and makes a great contribution to business management. There are several advantages of Maslow’s theory. First, this theory clearly reflects human...
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...…………………………………………….…….……….….….. Page 12 Executive Summary Motivation is defined as “the forces within an individual that account for the level, direction and persistence expended at work” (Wood, Zeffane, Fromholtz, Wiesner & Creed, 2010). |This report will focus upon three motivational theories to explain the exceptional motivation ‘Team Hoyt’ depict and outline the particularly important factors that influence this behaviour in the workplace. ‘Team Hoyt’ is a rather unusual father son athletic duo made up of a Dick and Rick Hoyt. The son, Rick, has cerebral palsy and if fully paralysed. To fulfil Rick’s passion for competing his father, Dick, carries him through marathons and triathlons; a seemingly impossible task without the appropriate level of motivation. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is a theory based on human motivation; it shows that people are motivated to meet lower order needs before moving onto higher order needs. Since Rick and Dick have already satisfied the lower order needs, well at least partially, they are motivated to obtain higher order needs. This works the same way in organizations where employees seek further fulfillment once their basic needs have been met. Expectancy Theory was created by Victor Vroom and it “Argues that work motivation is determined by individual beliefs about effort – performance relationships and the desirability of various work outcomes from different performance levels” (Wood, Zeffane, Fromholtz, Wiesner &...
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...This paper will use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to discuss the extent to which growth needs influence personality information. It will explain biological factors that influence the information personality. In this paper it will explain the relationship of biological factors to Maslow’s theory of personality. It will describe the basic aspects of humanistic theory that are incompatible with biological explanations of personality. Abraham Maslow (1954) book Motivation and Personality was published to combine elements of a large amount of knowledge connected to characteristics of motivation (Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs motivational model, 1995). Before Maslow, researchers usually concentrated distinctly with the conditions of achievement, biology or the ability to understand what activates, directs, and maintains human behavior. Maslow presented facts supposed to be true and hierarchy of human needs with the importance of two groups; growth needs and deficiency. With deficiency needs one must be up to standard on the lower needs before up to the higher level of needs. After these needs have been met, if at a later time a deficiency is discovered, the person will take action to get rid of the deficiency. Maslow divided organismic needs into two categories. First, he identified several categories of deficiency needs—“D-needs” (or “D-motives”) which are necessary for survival (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). A) Physiological needs are the basic needs food, water, shelter, sex...
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...Maslow's Theory of Motivation - Hierarchy of Needs In 1943, Dr. Abraham Maslow 's article "A Theory of Human Motivation " appeared in Psychological Review, which were further expanded upon in his book: Toward a Psychology of Being In this article, Abraham H. Maslow attempted to formulate a needs-based framework of human motivation and based upon his clinical experiences with people, rather than as did the prior psychology theories of his day from authors such as Freud and B.F. Skinner, which were largely theoretical or based upon animal behavior. From this theory of motivation, modern leaders and executive managers find means of motivation for the purposes of employee and workforce management. Abraham Maslow's book Motivation and Personality (1954), formally introduced the Hierarchy of Needs. The basis of Maslow's motivation theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, survival, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly. As a result, for adequate workplace motivation, it is important that leadership understands...
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...by consequences or rewards is what Maslow set out to disprove. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, he sets out to prove his theory that each individual “possess a set of motivation systems that are not directly influenced by rewards or unconscious desires” (McLeod, 2007).Under Maslow’s perception each individual is automatically driven to achieve certain needs, Maslow breaks these needs down into two general groups; Group one is Basic needs (Psychological, safety, social and Esteem). The second group is self-actualization (growth needs). Maslow states that we have the given drive/desire to fulfill these needs without the need for reward and that once we fulfill the first or bottom need in Maslow’s Hierarchy, our Psychological needs; we will automatically begin to pursue fulfilling the next level in the Hierarchy, safety, and so on. His theory seems quite logical to me, as we know that from birth a baby cries when it is hungry, this is not something they are taught via classical conditioning over time, they are born knowing when they are hungry. Unfortunately, despite our natural drive to achieve our fulfillment of our needs many struggle to reach self-actualization due to disruption in their lifestyle, such as a job loss, divorce, death in the family, etc. (McLeod, 2007)… Maslow’s hierarchy and perception of one’s natural motivation to fulfill our needs is directly connected to motivation as it show’s his theory is provable and logical. Achieving self-actualization is the most...
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...maslow's hierarchy of needs Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs motivational model Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed, Maslow's ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs concerning the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfil their own unique potential (self-actualization) are today more relevant than ever. Abraham Maslow's book Motivation and Personality, published in 1954 (second edition 1970) introduced the Hierarchy of Needs, and Maslow extended his ideas in other work, notably his later book Toward A Psychology Of Being, a significant and relevant commentary, which has been revised in recent times by Richard Lowry, who is in his own right a leading academic in the field of motivational psychology. Abraham Maslow was born in New York in 1908 and died in 1970, although various publications appear in Maslow's name in later years. Maslow's PhD in psychology in 1934 at the University of Wisconsin formed the basis of his motivational research, initially studying rhesus monkeys. Maslow later moved to New York's Brooklyn College. The Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs five-stage model below (structure and terminology - not the precise pyramid diagram itself) is clearly and directly attributable to Maslow; later versions of the theory with...
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...motivation problem. It is necessary to separate personal life and work but it is sometimes difficult to do and family affairs may affect performance at the workplace. There is always a need to be able to totally focus on work in order for organizational goals to be reached. The issues that a person has in their person life can be motivation problems that make it hard for goals to be attained. Some of the personal problems that may interfere with someone’s motivation include conflicts at home or stress at home. These personal issues are a problem to motivation, and the employee who has these problems may not deliver as expected. Since motivation is directly related to productivity in the workplace, various psychologists have developed theories that may explain how employees can be motivated into...
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...Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory Assumes that some needs are more important than others and must be satisfied before the other needs can serve as motivators Identifies five levels of individual needs • Physiology (hunger, thirst, sleep, etc.) • Safety/Security/Shelter/Health • Belongingness/Love/Friendship • Self-esteem/Recognition/Achievement • Self actualization Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest and most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization at the top. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called "deficiency needs" or "d-needs": esteem , friendship and love, security, and physical needs. With the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) needs, if these "deficiency needs" are not met, the body gives no physical indication but the individual feels anxious and tense. Maslow's theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslow also coined the term Metamotivation to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment. Metamotivated people are driven by B-needs (Being Needs), instead of deficiency needs (D-Needs). Physiological needs For the most part, physiological needs are obvious — they are the literal requirements...
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...Chapter 10 Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory Learning Objectives After reading Chapter 10, you should be able to: 1. List and explain Maslow's five assumptions regarding motivation. 2. List and explain the five needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 3. Distinguish between conative, aesthetic, cognitive, and neurotic needs. 4. Define instinctoid needs. 5. Describe Maslow's criteria for identifying self-actualizers. 6. List and describe the characteristics of self-actualizing people. 7. Describe the Jonah complex. 1 8. Discuss Maslow's philosophy of science. 9. Discuss Maslow's concept of humanity. 10. Explain the implications of Maslow's theory for psychotherapy. 11. Summarize research on self-actualization. I. Overview of Maslow's Holistic-Dynamic Theory Maslow's holistic-dynamic theory assumes that people are continually motivated by one or more needs, and that under the proper circumstances, they can reach a level of psychological health called self-actualization. II. Biography of Abraham H. Maslow Abraham H. Maslow was born in New York City in 1908, the oldest of seven children of Russian Jewish immigrants. After 2 or 3 mediocre years as a college student, Maslow improved in his academic work at about the time he was married. He received both a bachelor's degree and a PhD from the University of Wisconsin, where he worked with Harry Harlow conducting 2 animal studies. Most of his professional...
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