...Pay-for-Performance Emergence of Pay-for-Performance In 2000, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the report “To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System.” The report catalyzed the attention of health care stakeholder groups in the nation (Stafford, 2000). The research provided a comprehensive, detailed account of health care errors and preventable deaths costing billions of unnecessary dollars in a health care system already spiraling out of control. The IOM recommended that Congress create a Center for Patient Safety within the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality for the purpose of designing a safer health care delivery system. Fifteen months after releasing the patient safety report, the IOM released “Crossing the Quality Chasm.” The report framed underlying reform necessary in the current health care delivery system to ensure patient safety. The framework sought to hold providers accountability for the quality of care they deliver. The introduction of the pay for performance (P4P) as opposed to the prior fee for service and prospective reimbursement guidelines induces delivery of care based upon performance measures. Broadly defined pay-for- performance includes any type of performance-based provider payment arrangements, including those that target performance on cost measures (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2006) Reimbursement Pay-for-performance, synonymous with quality-based purchasing, bases reimbursement upon quality measures....
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...the next ten years 1st Step Counseling has expanded its’ services to deliver out-come focused Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder counseling. By 1995, 1st Step Counseling had a patient census of approximately 300 patients, requiring the employ of an Internal Medicine Specialist, a Psychiatrist, a Nurse Practitioner, three Licensed Practical Nurses, two Clinical Psychologist, six Licensed Professional Counselors and two Clinical Social Workers, plus eight Administrative and Support staff. Later the same year, 1st Step Counseling opened a second office in Farragut, south of Knoxville, TN. Since this first expansion, 1st Step Counseling has established itself as a prominent Mental Healthcare Service provider, with 14 locations in or near metropolitan areas, throughout the Southeast. In January 2014, the Board of Directors decided to expand to the national market. To begin steering the company toward the national stage, the Directors and Senior Executives rebrand the company’s identity by changing the name to Access-Link Behavioral Healthcare (BHC), as well as established the following new Vision and Mission Statements. Our Vision is to be the premier Mental Healthcare provider, using 21st Century accessibility to connect people with the quality care they need, where they are and when they need it. Our Mission is to provide all with quality & compassionate care, where & when it’s needed. The company currently has yearly revenue...
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... This article describes the benefits of the Medicare system while exploring the many challenges of the program. The United States Medicare program is the closest program to universal health care for one portion of the population. While providing some level of health care to most elderly citizens over 65 years of age, it sometimes is found to be highly confusing to its patients. Additional concerns explored by this paper relate to the costs, quality of care, and availability to all who need this insurance. When all of the pros and cons are explored, one final concern arises. Amid the rising costs of medical care, prescription drugs, and costs of program administration, will the funding of this program continue and will this be a program that the young families of today can depend upon for their retirement years? 1. Introduction: The rules and regulations of Medicare Simply stated, Medicare is the federally financed health insurance program for people aged 65 and over, certain individuals with disabilities, and individuals with end-stage renal disease. Medicare Part A covers hospital and other inpatient stays. Medicare Part B is optional insurance, and covers hospital outpatient, physician, and other services. Medicare Parts A and B are known as original Medicare or Medicare FFS. Medicare beneficiaries have the option of obtaining coverage for Medicare Part A and B services from private health plans that participate in Medicare's MA program, also known as Medicare...
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...CONTROLLING HEALTH CARE COSTS WHILE PROMOTING THE BEST POSSIBLE HEALTH OUTCOMES American College of Physicians A White Paper 2009 Controlling Health Care Costs While Promoting the Best Possible Health Outcomes Summary of Position Paper Approved by the ACP Board of Regents, September 2009 What are the Major Drivers of Health Care Costs? Major drivers of health care costs include: inappropriate utilization especially of advanced medical technology, lack of patient involvement in decision-making, payment system distortions that encourage over-use, high prices for health care services, a health care workforce that is not aligned with national needs, excessive administrative costs, medical liability and defensive medicine, more Americans with declining health status and chronic disease, and demographic changes including an increase in elderly persons. This paper addresses each of these drivers of health care costs and provides recommendations for controlling them. Why Do We Need to Control Health Care Costs? Improvements in health care have the ability to provide opportunities for all people to live better, healthier lives. However, the rate of increase in U.S. spending on health care continues to exceed economic growth at an unsustainable pace. The rate of growth in health care spending is the single most important factor undermining the nation’s long-term fiscal condition. Why Should Controlling Health Care Costs be Linked to Promoting Good Health Outcomes? Increasing pressure...
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...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HEALTH CARE FINANCING, EFFICIENCY, AND EQUITY Sherry A. Glied Working Paper 13881 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13881 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2008 I thank Courtney Ward for research assistance and participants at the conference on Exploring Social Insurance, held in Toronto, November 2006. A version of this paper is forthcoming as a chapter in Exploring Social Insurance: Can a Dose of Europe Cure Canadian Health Care Finance? Edited by C. M. Flood, M. Stabile and C. Hughes Tuohy (Kingston, Montreal: Queen's School of Policy Studies, McGill-Queen's University Press). The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Sherry A. Glied. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Health Care Financing, Efficiency, and Equity Sherry A. Glied NBER Working Paper No. 13881 March 2008 JEL No. H42,H51,I18 ABSTRACT This paper examines the efficiency and equity implications of alternative health care system financing strategies. Using data across...
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...and enjoy it to its fullest. This dream has been made obtainable with modern medicines, treatments, and the availability of said things. America holds about four percent of the world's population, and it ranks third in the world for most populated country; however, it has failed to ensure the safety and health of its populace and has made the cost of living almost as unattainable as immortality. This problem could be fixed with a simple solution that has been proven to increase quality of life: Universal Healthcare. Many Americans do not see a need for universal healthcare. It is true that America has survived long enough without Universal Healthcare, but that does not mean it would not...
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...Popular Articles About Health Insurance NEWS Health insurance December 4, 2007 Health insurance in India is still for the privileged few and is, however, still largely in the form of a plain vanilla cover, mediclaim, introduced a decade-and-half ago. Customisation is used in group health insurance by corporates for their employees. In the case of the individual, customisation has not taken off despite the fact that we now have different products such as hospital cash, critical illnesses and so on. For any product to be customised, the awareness level has to be high. Health Insurance Articles By Date NEWS New health cover norms may save users the heartburns; arbitrary premium hikes will now be a... October 9, 2013 | Preeti Kulkarni , ET Bureau Arbitrary premium hikes by insurance companies at the time of renewal and inordinate delays in claim settlement, among others, could be a thing of the past from this month. The new health insurance norms that came into effect from October would do away with quite a few arbitrary rules that caused heartburn among customers. Sure, we have to wait for a few months to see how the scenario would unfold, but that shouldn't stop us from... [pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] NEWS Health insurance: Use multiple plans efficiently December 13, 2010 | Khyati Dharamsi It's not uncommon for an individual to be covered by two, or even three, health insurance policies. One reason for this is the rise in the cost of health-care services in the past decade...
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...evidence in making decisions about beside care; to convince them to switch practice, it is useful to draw a comparison between the efficacy of these disparate routes. Our study designed a research question based on the PICOT model for the cardiac floors and designed procedures using the Kotter and Cohen’s Model of Change. In order to study the effect discussed in our PICOT question, a web search was conducted and the quality of each pertinent study reviewed. Introduction In the nursing staff of an adult Cardiac Surgical Care unit, how does the buy-in from the staff for Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) changes in a new Coronary Arterial Bypass Graft (CABG) pathway affect the decreases in infection rate among this patient population when compared to the old way of delivering patient care through nursing tradition in a six month time frame? The formation of a guideline for practice in nursing is not a new occurrence; books and manuals have been a reality for many years. However, in the past these resources lacked the evidence for standards of care, which traditionally have been based on professional consensus and tradition. The Joint Commission has recognized processes that can be measured regarding patient outcomes and care in order to meet standards for Medicare qualification. These standards, known in cardiac care as the Surgical Care Incision Protocol (SCIP), help to guarantee that cardiac surgical patients receive the best standard of care because it is based on evidence-based...
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...Contents The success of any organization is bound on the attack on the management strategy. Many successful organizations will remedy their success on the management strategies that they have managed to employ in the success of their business. Strategic management is the interpretation and presentation of management techniques and strategies by managers in utilization of resources, enhancing the external and internal environments and ensuring a company market share so as to maximize on profits. We shall evaluate the strategic management of Johnson and Johnson. Through the analysis, major market and business strategies of the company shall be evaluated with the current external and internal business environment. Table of Contents Johnson and Johnson Strategic Management Analysis 1 Contents 1 Chapter 1 3 1.1 Executive Summary 3 1.2 Scope of the Case Study 3 2.1 Company Background 4 2.2 Vision and Mission Statements 5 2.3 Strategies 6 3 TASK A: External Environment 8 3.1 Specific Environment 8 3.1.1 Porters Five Forces 8 Figure 1 9 3.2 Generic External Environment 12 3.2.1 Pestel Analysis 12 3.3 Impacts on the industry: Threats and Opportunities 13 4 TASK B: Internal Environment 16 4.1 J&J SWOT analysis 16 4.2 Summary of Strengths and Weaknesses 17 5 Financial Analysis 19 5.1 Profitability Ratio analysis 19 Liquidity Ratios 21 6 Data Analysis 22 7 Recommendations 23 References 25 Chapter 1 1.1 Executive...
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...An estimated 905,000 children were victims of child abuse or neglect in 2006 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). While physical injuries may or may not be immediately visible, abuse and neglect can have consequences for children, families, and society that last lifetimes, if not generations. The impact of child abuse and neglect is often discussed in terms of physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences. In reality, however, it is impossible to separate them completely. Physical consequences, such as damage to a child's growing brain, can have psychological implications such as cognitive delays or emotional difficulties. Psychological problems often manifest as high-risk behaviors. Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs, or overeat. High-risk behaviors, in turn, can lead to long-term physical health problems such as sexually transmitted diseases, cancer, and obesity. This factsheet provides an overview of some of the most common physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences of child abuse and neglect, while acknowledging that much crossover among categories exists. Factors Affecting the Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect Physical Health Consequences Psychological Consequences Behavioral Consequences Societal Consequences Summary References The Federal Government has made a considerable investment in research regarding the causes and long-term...
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...Preparing For Your Case Interview Where your ideas make a difference. At A.T. Kearney we are looking for people who love to reach out. People who want to stretch their talents. People who will challenge themselves to achieve meaningful, measurable results for their clients, their firm, and themselves. People with ideas. Your interest in a consulting career with us suggests that you may be one of those people, and we have designed our interview process so that you will have every opportunity to show it. The A.T. Kearney interview sequence consists of two rounds, typically completed within a 3-week period. The first includes two 45-minute interviews conducted back-to-back on campus or in another convenient location. The second, which normally takes place at our nearest office, involves three 45-minute meetings with one or more of A.T. Kearney’s senior people. If you are invited to complete the full sequence, you can expect that both interviews in the first round and two in the second will be case-oriented. This means that in addition to discussing our firm and your future it, the A.T. Kearney consultants you meet will also present you with real-world business problems and ask you to develop solutions. Experience shows that the applicants who are the most successful in a case interview are those who enter it with the right frame of mind and the best preparation. The following information is designed to help you achieve both. Why The Case Format? While we look for many qualities...
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...INTRODUCTION The health care industry in the United States was troubled. Most of the world’s state-of-the-art health care research occurred in U.S. university and corporate laboratories. Similarly, most of the best centers in the world for delivery of health care were located in the U.S. However, the costs of health care in the United States were exploding and overall quality, along many dimensions, was not increasing. For U.S. consumers it was the best of times and the worst of times—health care services were often terrific if judged by the ability of individual physicians to do more for patients and yet, as judged on almost any broad parameter such as life expectancy or infant mortality, the United States was at best average compared to other developed countries. In most developed countries, spending on health care grew dramatically over the past several years. This increase in spending, combined with lower overall economic growth, pushed up the share of health care expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) of OECD countries from an average 7.8 percent in 1997 to 8.5 percent in 2002. By comparison, the share of GDP spent on health care remained almost unchanged from 1992 to 1997 (Exhibit 1). In the United States, health care expenditure grew 2.3 times faster than GDP, rising from 13 percent in 1997 to 14.6 percent in 2002. Spending was $5,267 per capita in 2002, almost 140 percent above the OECD average of $2,144.1 The cost of health care in the United States...
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...Policy Analysis Paper The fate of uninsured Veterans: A policy Analysis University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Nursing Define the problem and assemble the evidence Too many Veterans in the United States lack health insurance and are ineligible to receive care provided by the Veteran’s Health Administration. According to American Community Survey (ACS) conducted in 2010, one in 10 of the nation’s 12.5 million veterans under the age of 65 is uninsured. A veteran is defined by federal law as any person who served for any length of time in any military service branch. Contrary to the presumption of most, not all veterans qualify for free healthcare through the Department of Veteran Affairs. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) operates as a branch of the Department of Veterans Affairs and is the largest health system in the nation. It is recognized for its commitment to providing high-quality population specific healthcare. The VHA also works closely with academic medical centers across the nation. Haley and Kenney (2012) identify eligibility for health care provided by the VHA as being on veteran status, service-connected disabilities and income level. Other factors include demographic location and cost sharing requirements. Health insurance coverage for veterans as with other groups of nonelderly adults has heavy dependence on access to employer sponsored insurance (ESI) and the costs of obtaining it. It must also be considered that the majority of states...
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...strain on the healthcare system is self-evident. The research gathered has proven to be inadequate because the sample sizes are small, and the researchers did not properly record statistics to prove effectiveness of the cessation programs. There are three very effective steps for adolescent cessation: screen for tobacco dependency with families, counsel and use behavioral interventions and prescription medications, and finally educate parents about the dangers of second hand smoke. Lack of accessibility to numerous tobacco dependence treatments remains an issue. Furthermore, impact on health from tobacco use has been documented profusely, yet the tobacco industry still continues to lure adolescents and adults with the advertising and promotional markets. One in two smokers will die prematurely of a disease caused by dependence on tobacco. After reading findings by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, it is stated that “youths also are susceptible to tobacco advertising, and those who are exposed to frequent advertisements for tobacco are more likely to smoke than those who are not” (Milton 44). This problem is too significant to ignore. The solutions are not easy to implement. Healthcare professionals, insurance providers, government think tanks, and most importantly smokers themselves must commit to the changes necessary to eradicate this pervasive problem. Nicotine affects the body on many levels. Nicotine and other harmful substances enter the lungs and go...
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...THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY THE INTERNATIONAL OIL COMPANIES BY AMY MYERS JAFFE WALLACE S. WILSON FELLOW IN ENERGY STUDIES JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RONALD SOLIGO, PH.D. PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS, RICE UNIVERSITY RICE SCHOLAR, JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY PREPARED IN CONJUNCTION WITH AN ENERGY STUDY SPONSORED BY JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY NOVEMBER 2007 International Oil Companies THIS PAPER WAS WRITTEN BY A RESEARCHER (OR RESEARCHERS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE JOINT BAKER INSTITUTE/JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER POLICY REPORT, THE CHANGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS. WHEREVER FEASIBLE, THIS PAPER WAS REVIEWED BY OUTSIDE EXPERTS BEFORE RELEASE. HOWEVER, THE RESEARCH AND THE VIEWS EXPRESSED WITHIN THIS PAPER ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER(S) AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY NOR THOSE OF THE JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER. © 2007 BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY THIS MATERIAL MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION, PROVIDED APPROPRIATE CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. 2 International Oil Companies ABOUT THE POLICY REPORT THE CHANGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY...
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