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Extracurricular and Academic Performances of Pupils

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Grade 4 Reading
The earth is made up of several layers. Read the passage to learn more about them. Then answer questions 1 through 7.

The Layers of the Earth by Doug Taylor

If you were able to cut the earth in half you would see that it is not the same all the way through. The inside of the earth is made of several layers. Some of the layers are solid and some are liquid. Most of these layers are very hot.

The center of the earth is called the inner core. Scientists think this part of the core is solid. It is probably made of metals like nickel and iron. The inner core is very hot. This deep inside the earth there is a lot of pressure. The pressure keeps the metals solid even though they are very hot. Scientists think the temperature in the core is about 7,200 degrees!

Just past the inner core is the outer core. It is probably also made of metals. The metals of the outer core are melted into liquid. This layer is almost as hot as the inner core. The metals are able to melt in this layer because there is not as much pressure. The inner core and outer core together are about 3,400 kilometers thick!

The next layer is called the mantle. The mantle is made of melted rocks called magma. The magma is a thick liquid. It flows like putty in most places. When magma erupts to the surface of the earth, it is called lava. The mantle is very thick and very hot. Scientists think the temperature of the mantle is about 5,400 degrees. The mantle is about 2,800 kilometers thick!

The top layer of the earth is called the crust. The crust is mostly made of solids. Most humans spend their entire lives on the earth’s crust. No human has ever been below the crust. The crust is mostly made of rock. It is about 30 kilometers thick. The crust is thinner at the bottom of the oceans. It is thicker at the top of mountains. Volcanoes happen

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