...Emilee Eason Professor Hollis History 132 March 29 2015 Propaganda during World War I In July 1914, propaganda was used for the first time to build support towards the war. The First World War began suddenly, it was caused by many different conflicts. The origins of conflict include competing imperial ambitions that had led to economic rivalries, the military alliances, and diplomatic maneuvering had divided Europe into two blocs. Although the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife is considered the original factor that led to the Great War. Propaganda In order to promote support for the war, the government used propaganda strategies and enacted legislations to control social attitudes and behavior of the people. The Committee on Public Information, also known as the CPI, was created by President Wilson to manipulate the public’s opinion on national unity, the loathsome character of the enemy and the war a grand crusade for liberty and democracy. To ensure that the people knew only what the government wanted them to know about the war, the CPS used persuasive tactics to change the view towards the war, they achieved this by surrounding them with vulgar, manipulative and damaging media. All media were controlled by the government, newspapers, press releases, advertisements, cartoons, and editorials. They were all designed to help win “the fight for the minds of men” and to change the people’s opinion of the Germans. Propaganda impacted the attitudes...
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...can be an essential tool for any leader in garrison and in combat. Four Fundamentals of Leadership in Combat Leadership Army Leadership Defined Field Manual 6-22 (2003) defines Military Leadership as, “Influencing people by providing purpose, motivation, and direction while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization.” This definition is the foundation of any good leader. The task of influencing others to execute a successful and effective mission can be infinitely more complicated than one would imagine. The act of war alone is complicated and often can be confusing to the young and inexperienced Soldier. With this knowledge, it is the responsibility of military leaders to provide Soldiers with those key factors mentioned above; purpose, motivation, and direction connect directly to the four fundamentals of leadership. Young Soldiers often find it difficult to understand the reasons or purpose for a given task, especially in a hostile environment. By providing Soldiers with the purpose of a task, he or she can begin the process of accepting the inherited risk associated with the given mission. Mission success depends greatly on the motivation of individual Soldiers; however, an effective leader...
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...Analyze combat and operational stress reactions (COSRs) Combat Stress Controlling combat stress is often the deciding factor between victory and defeat in all forms of human conflict. Stressors are a fact of combat, and you and your Soldiers will face them. Controlled combat stress can call forth stress reactions of loyalty, selflessness, and heroism. Conversely, uncontrolled combat stress causes erratic or harmful behavior that disrupts or interferes with the accomplishment of a unit’s mission. Any uncontrolled combat stress can impair mission performance and may bring disgrace, disaster, and defeat. The art of war aims to impose so much stress on enemy soldiers that they lose their will to fight. Both sides try to do this and at times accept severe stress themselves in order to inflict greater stress on the enemy. To win, you must control combat stress. The word “control” is better than the word “manage” to emphasize the active steps that leaders, supporting personnel, and individual Soldiers must take to keep stress within an acceptable range. This does not mean that control and management are mutually exclusive terms. Management is, by definition, the exercise of control. Within common usage, however, and especially within Army usage, management has the connotation of being a somewhat detached, number–driven, higher echelon process rather than a direct, inspirational, leadership process. Stress is the body’s and mind’s process for dealing with uncertain change...
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...the masses. Regeneration, written by Pat Barker in 1991, uses factual occurrences of Sassoon and Owen’s lives in Craiglockhart to detail historic experiences of suffering. The poetry features both pro and anti-war perspectives from historical figures featured within Regeneration. Birdsong emotively persuades readers that individual anguish has detrimental effects on soldier’s lives intensifying their suffering. The texts use third person narrative to create emotive circumstances which manipulate the reader into understanding the suffering as either mass or individual. The writers’ portrayal of individual suffering was the most poignant compared to the subversion of widespread suffering. The texts expose the stigmatization of physical disability as a cause of individual suffering. Historically, the dependence of disabled life reflects the burden faced by soldiers of returning to normality. Wilfred Owen’s poem Disabled explores the first-hand impacts and consequences of war, coupled with the persistent individual suffering. Owen became infamous during the war as his poetry extracted the distorted views of the home-front and revealed reality. The metaphor, “put them to bed”[2] symbolizes the individual suffering caused by dependence, and also the neglect caused through others’ ignorance to their needs. The dependence of...
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...that the treatment of this mental condition goes beyond regular mental health treatment. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: The War at Home Regina N. Chance Kwoya Fagin, Professor ENG215 Research and Writing 7 August 2010 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Takes Special Medical Care The government is awesome at getting men ready for war, but they can’t quite get them back to civilian life and a humble heart. - JUNIOR ENLISTED MARINE, POST-IRAQ After we came back, many of us were only back in body. Our souls stayed over there. – ARMY COMBAT ENGINEER, POST-IRAQ Transition can mean the big picture of how a warrior has to try to adjust back into society, but the short term is very critical, from when a warrior leaves the battlefield to when they hit the streets at home. If there’s one thing I learned from my experiences, it was that there was no transition at all. –VIETNAM VETERAN Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has become the major medical issue with our soldiers returning from the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. For many soldiers, it is a badge of honor to have served but for most, it is a start to an endless battle of finding the courage to continue to serve or be labeled an unfit soldier for the military and useless to their family. PTSD affects not only the soldier’s way of life but the core of who the soldier is. For this reason, the government should take special care informing society what is PTSD, who...
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...In many countries, there comes a time where violence drives everyone to desperation. Sometimes there’s not enough soldiers for a war, or a rebellion becomes more about cruelty than passion. During this time, countries turn to children. Whether they volunteer themselves, or are forced to join a militia, underage kids are seen holding weapons and killing people. The majority of people are strongly against this, but the controversy is whether to grant amnesty to these junior soldiers, or prosecute them for their crimes. The children may not be able to make healthy decisions while their home is a war zone, but they should still be punished for taking other people’s (possibly American soldier’s) lives. As seen throughout history, war drives families...
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...sharp teeth. His eyes are wide open and focused outside the wolf’s mouth as if requesting for external help from that situation. He has a helmet on his head to emphasize how hostile his environment is with situations such as bomb attacks being one of them. In the cartoon, we see the soldier within inches of the wolf's tongue, and if he advances further he may be rolled up by and engulfed by it. Consequently, he cannot withdraw himself due to the surrounding sharp teeth which can tear him into pieces. The wolf looks barbaric and ferocious, an image which is an analogous description of some nomad countries which apprehend international peaceful treaties. The cartoonist further scribbles “Iraq" on the head of the wolf to drive the point home about who he is referring to. The phrase “Whatever you think of how I got in here, you have to agree the tricky part will be getting out." was the only statement by the soldier in the entire drawing. This statement carries a lot of weight. It shows that now the soldier accepts he made an enormous mistake by getting inside the wolf’s mouth and now getting out is becoming a problem. Though it only took 21 days for the coalition army, coordinated by Central Intelligence Agency Special Activities Division, to topple the Saddam Hussein’s regime and occupy Baghdad using military tactics such as missiles, tank and...
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... 2 Organizational behavior is the study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization’s performance (Robbins, & Judge, 2013). According to Robbins and Judge, (2003) these behaviors include topics of motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, group structure and processes, learning, attitude development and perception, change processes, conflict, work design, and work stress. The U.S. Army is the only organization that I have been exposed to since I started working as an 18 year old and I’ve seen many different forms of organizational behavior throughout these 15 years. When I first entered the military in 1997, the Army was extremely strict and structured. It’s still a bureaucracy and structured type of organization but back then it seemed to be extremely structured and strict. At least I perceived it to be that way as an 18 year old coming straight from home. As privates we stood at attention or parade rest for anyone that was higher ranking than us and had to do everything we were told to do without question. This was something that I was not used to and really thought that I had made a mistake in choosing to enter the military. My first 4 years in the military seemed to be a nightmare for me and I really did not think I was going to stay in past my initial enlistment because I hated it. My supervisors were mean, I felt like I worked...
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...An Army White Paper THE PROFESSION OF ARMS I AM AN EXPERT AND I AM A PROFESSIONAL 9TH STANZA SOLDIER’S CREED CG TRADOC Approved 8 December 2010 Authority: This White Paper has been approved for distribution on 2 December 2010 by the Commanding General, Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), under his authority granted by the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff of the Army in the Terms of Reference dated 27 October 2010 for TRADOC to execute the ‗Review of the Army Profession in an Era of Persistent Conflict.‘ Purpose: This White Paper serves to facilitate an Army-wide dialog about our Profession of Arms. It is neither definitive nor authoritative, but a starting point with which to begin discussion. It will be refined throughout calendar year 2010 based on feedback from across our professional community. All members of the profession and those who support the profession are encouraged to engage in this dialog. Distribution: Distribution is unlimited. Yet, the material in this draft is under development. It can be referenced, but not referenced or cited as official Army policy or doctrine. Feedback and Participation: Comments on this White Paper should be sent to the Center for the Army Profession and Ethic (CAPE), Combined Arms Center, TRADOC. To get engaged in this review of the Profession of Arms, visit the CAPE website at https://www.us.army.mil/suite/page/611545 and click on the Campaign link. The website will also provide links to professional forums...
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...The Pentagon’s New Map: It explains why we’re going to war and why we’ll keep going to war” as part of the Non-Integrating Gap. The Pentagon's New Map was intended to provide direction for the Pentagon in search of a strategy following the 1927 Post War and how globalization has affected this world. Is Thomas Barnett way of thinking about war the way most Americans think about war? I agree with the majority of Barnett’s article on “The Pentagon New Map”. He talks about how the threat of the disconnectedness of the Gap will reduce the level of disconnectedness and shrink the Gap. Protecting American citizens at home and abroad is one of the toughest tasks the President and Congressional leaders assume after they assume the oath of office. Disconnectedness can be seen among the citizens of the United States. Some of the same reasons identified by Barnett as causal factors are also applicable on a lesser scale. Take a look at the disadvantage people living in the United States; some in projects and others in trailer parks. Many of them are somewhat educated and want success; however, they take the wrong course of action to be successful. When they witness the success of others and the personal property owned by successful people, they too have the same desire. Disconnectedness causes some of the disadvantaged individuals to become involved with the distribution of controlled substances, counterfeiting and copyright infringement in an attempt to obtain money. Once the money...
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...“We sleep safely at night because rough men stand ready to visit violence on those who would harm us.” Winston S. Churchill. The primary mission of the Army is to fight and win our Nation’s wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders. There are five branches of the military, but there are two branches that are always up for debate on which to join. Active Army and National Guard have many differences, such as deployment rates, retirement, and command; however, they are similar in training, rank, and pay. The Army, Navy and Marine Corps were established in 1775 in concurrence with the American Revolution. The war department was established in 1789 and was the precursor to what is now the Department of Defense (DOD). One year later, in 1790 the Coast Guard was established. This was followed by the founding the department of the Navy in 1798. The National Guard as a state funded militia under various names was founded in 1636-1903, as Federal Reserve’s forces called the National Guard 1903 to the present. The Army National guard serves both the state and federal government. The governor of the state where the Army National guard unit is based serves as the commander in chief over all the guard units within that state. The governor can activate their National Guard units in cases of state emergencies. The National Guard is also a reserve component of the U.S. Army and can...
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...Defeating the Enemy’s Will: The Psychological Foundations of Maneuver Warfare DAVID A. GROSSMAN The will to fight is at the nub of all defeat mechanisms … One should always look for a way to break the enemy’s will and capacity to resist. Brig. Gen. Huba Wass de Czege Defeating the enemy’s will. That is the essence of maneuver warfare, that you defeat the enemy’s will to fight rather than his ability to fight. But how do you defeat a man’s mind? We can measure and precisely quantify the mechanics of defeating the enemy’s ability to fight, and it is this tangible, mathematical quality that makes attacking the enemy’s physical ability to fight so much more attractive than attacking the enemy’s psychological will to fight. At some level none of us can truly be comfortable when we dwell on the fact that our destiny as soldiers and military leaders ultimately depends on something as nebulous and unquantifiable as an enemy’s “will,” and we are tempted to ignore such aspects of warfare. But somewhere in the back of our minds, a still, small voice reminds us that ultimately the paths of victory run not through machinery and material, but through the hearts and minds of human beings. So what is the foundation of the will to fight and kill in combat and what are the vulnerable points in this foundation? In short: what are the psychological underpinnings of maneuver warfare? To answer these questions, students of maneuver warfare must truly understand, as we have never understood before...
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...David Turks Burke-8 American Lit May 3, 2013 Child Soldiers What accounts for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa? The primary cause contributing to the recruitment of child soldiers in Africa is poverty. While other factors such as ‘war’ itself, proliferation of small arms, lack of education, displacement all inevitably lead to child soldier recruitment, it is however poverty at the root of these circumstances. Therefore this essay shall argue this case by examining how Africa has come to have such high levels of poverty and by showing the association between other factors and that of poverty. To establish what is meant by the term ‘child soldier’ it must first be defined and a brief description offered that explains the recruitment practices used. This in turn allows the reader to better comprehend the devastating outcomes when underlying causes such as extreme poverty are not addressed. Subsequently this essay examines the factors that account for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa and through this examination of causal factors it will become apparent that poverty is a recurring theme. Once it has been established that poverty is indeed the major cause of child soldier recruitment attention is then given to what is being done to stop it. Finally consideration must be given to the problems that arise when addressing the issues of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the child soldier back into the community, to avoid a replication of the...
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...Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being Question 1: What alternatives to cosmetic depression drugs do you think would be effective and how could universities apply them to depressed students? In Flourish, Martin Seligman describes two forms of medication: cosmetic drugs and curative drugs. He further explains that insurance companies can only reimburse brief treatments because a complete cure generally implies more time and cost. As a result, Seligman concludes, all psychopharmacopoeai drugs are cosmetic, palliative, and only temporary fixes. Thus, the use of positive psychology in the treatment of depressed patients is even more important. One tactic that could help in the betterment of college students is the use of a “Gratitude Visit.” In this exercise, an individual is encouraged to think of a single person who helped them in some way, but was never properly thanked. Next, the individual must write a letter of gratitude to this person, being thorough and specific in their examples of how this person influenced and affected the individual’s life. Finally, the individual must call this person and arrange for a meeting, face-to-face. At this meeting, they will read the letter, slowly and carefully, allowing a discussion of the content and their response to follow. What is the benefit of this practice? Seligman argues the results will lead the individual to happiness and less depression within a month. Among college students, this influence...
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...Army Regulation 600–8–10 Personnel–General Leaves and Passes Rapid Action Revision (RAR) Issue Date: 4 August 2011 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 February 2006 UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 600–8–10 Leaves and Passes This rapid action revision, dated 4 August 2011-o Implements the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Repeal Act of 2010 in the area of policy for payment of accrued leave by deleting all references to separation for homosexuality or homosexual conduct (rescinded paras 2-4h(1)(d) and 24h(2)(c)). Makes administrative changes (app A: corrected form title: HHS Form CDC 731; obsolete publication marked). o Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 February 2006 *Army Regulation 600–8–10 Effective 15 March 2006 Personnel–General Leaves and Passes States, and the U.S. Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. Proponent and exception authority. The proponent of this regulation is Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1. The proponent has the authority to approve exceptions or waivers to this regulation that are consistent with controlling law and regulation. The proponent may delegate this approval authority, in writing, to a division chief within the proponent agency or its direct reporting unit or field operating agency, in the grade of colonel or the civilian equivalent. Activities may request a waiver to this regulation by providing justification that includes a full analysis of the expected benefits and must include formal review by the activity’s...
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