...Three factors that influence cooperation Introduction Cooperation is simply defined as the ability to work with others to achieve shared goals. It is generally a common effort portrayed by a group of people to realize mutual benefit and involves teamwork and joint action. Cooperation leads results to productivity, morale and a good living atmosphere. It should be an aim in people’s lives, to help others achieve goals not only for peace but the advancement of human society. Cooperation comes from within us and requires high levels of devotion without greed and jealousy so as to fulfill work. Cooperation is a great dependent of how people relate and treat each other. When cooperation lacks, competition comes in. There are three main factors that influence cooperation; Personal Orientations, Communication and tendencies towards Reciprocity. Reciprocity According to (Baron, Byrne & Branscombe, 2007) Reciprocity is the notion or belief that people should treat others the same way the persons have treated them. It is a social rule that is instilled in many people from generations to generations. It always seems like a kind of competition where each team is ready to put their own interests aside, whereas ready to defect from the good will if selfish interests are portrayed by either. Humans are not only the species that practice cooperation; it has been observed in chimpanzees and bats. Socialization plays a critical role especially as people grow up and this determines how people...
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...enough to complete with real world. It was a great opportunity to experience of practical related work to an appraisal of Colgate toothpaste Company. 1. Background Though we are the student of school of business in under graduate program (Bachelor of Business Administration) We have to do innovate our potentiality to develop our skill in various sources such as Report making, preparing financial statement of different kinds of organization. It is our academic part to prepare a report on “Factors influencing consumer behavior specially focuses on Colgate toothpaste” that’s why we prepare it. 2. Significance It enhances our knowledge base. It gives us a broad idea about marketing analysis. 1.3. Scope of the report Today's business world is a place of challenge. Challenge and problem can come from anywhere & anytime. Marketing prepare people to cope with the competition. 1.4. Objective of the Report 1.4.1 Broad Objective: To identify the factor those influence the consumer behavior to buy a product or service. 1.4.2 Specific Objectives: The broader objective may be broken down into further specific objectives enlisted as follows: o To know the using time of Colgate tooth paste o To find the price suitability based on the economic situation of Bangladesh o To find the people opinion about the advertisement of Colgate up tooth paste o to identify the situation of 'Colgate up Crystal' o To see how efficiently Colgate up...
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...Everyday thousands of Americans simply don't have enough food to feed their family and their children. Most turn to government assistance, such as WIC and food stamps for support. However, not all needy families qualify and some may not receive enough food stamps. In that case, they turn to local food pantries for help with food. The donations they receive can truly make a difference. Out of the realm of typical behavior, I recently donated two turkeys to Our Daily Bread Food Pantry to be distributed to their client families for their own Thanksgiving celebrations. The volunteers were overwhelmed with the support received during this time when the economy is weak. They were tremendously grateful for the local generosity and asked that I "please keep giving." I'm a firm believer in doing helpful deeds. I'm a naturally kind and compassionate person, and I believe that every negative experience in one’s life can result in something positive. I would not consider my behavior to be prosocial for the reason that I had no motive for donating both turkeys to the local food pantry designed to help others. My behavior was altruistic. Why? My act was voluntarily to help needy families with no expectation of a reward in any form, except perhaps a feeling of having done a good deed. Prosocial behavior ranges over a continuum from the most selfless acts of altruism to helpful acts that are motivated entirely by self-interest (Taylor, Peplau, Sears, 2006). The fact that I was...
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...There are several factors that can influence justice in America. I find that you can read and work up information all day on justice in America as far back as history goes. The constitution of the United States Supreme Court helps set careers and regulations of factors that do influence America. Some of them can vary in topics from your race, crime, prisons, policing, and courts. Organized crime may be defined as systematically unlawful activity for profit on city guide interstate and even international scale. Crime organized keeps their illegal operations percent and members confer by word of mouth. Gangs sometimes become sufficiently symptomatic to the call organized. The act of engaging in criminal activity as a structural group in referred in the United States as racketeering. The criminal organization depends on the part of support from the society in which it extends. It is frequently expedient for it to compromise some of society’s upright memories, especially people in the judiciary, police forces, legislature, and cultivation of mutually dependent relationships with legitimate business. The five factors that influence a justice decision are Constitution, Precedent, Judicial Philosophy, Intent, and Public Opinion. According to an article I read in a book from David O. Carpenter the Constitution states, “We, the people of the United States in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote...
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...So many factors influence an individual's behaviour that it is impossible to accurately predict what behaviour will be in all situations. Why then should managers take time to understand individual differences? Human behaviour is difficult and every individual has different behaviour from another, the challenge of an effective organization is in positively matching the task, the manager and the subordinate. According to Hamid Keshavarz, under best situation, a manager would first study the duty, then decide the necessary skills and assemble a team that complement each other skills. Thus creating an enriching and conflict free team. In reality, a manager has to use the remaining resources for a given task, and must have the capability to understand the differences in individual behaviours and use them properly to increase the cooperation. In order to understand individual behaviour and personalities, it is important to understand the basics of human cognition. There is too much factors that influencing individual behaviour. According to Ashim Gupta, the factors that may occur to influencing individual behaviour is abilities, gender, race, perception, attribution, attitude and personality. For abilities, usually abilities of a person are the natural or learnt traits. Abilities can be categorised into mental and physical abilities and different task requires different level of the two. Mental abilities characterize the brainpower, person’s deductive reasoning, and memory, analytical...
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...Lifespan development psychology Module 2 discussion 1 Gibson’s differentiation theory concerns perceptual learning that entails improvement in perception due to experience and acquisition of knowledge due to perception. The theory posits that cognitive processes such as imagining and reasoning develop in proportion to the quantity of information gained from the environment. Based on this theory, perception as a function of experience entails exposure to certain stimuli: the more a child hears, sees, or touches an object, the more they can identify and distinguish differences in them (Berk, 2014). The more the child is exposed to the object, more knowledge and experience is gain that aids in differentiate the objects and the manner these objects are perceived. Regarding an infant (from birth to 12 months), their hearing is attuned to their native languages from the second day. When they perceive another language, they do not respond to it. Concerning pattern perception, babies focus on faces instead of object when they are very young. The repeated exposure to family members leads to recognition of parents and siblings (Berk, 2014). The baby is able to differentiae a new face and will respond by being fearful or by crying. Intermodal perception is the identification of information from events or objects by different senses at the same time. In the study, the babies are able to distinguish soft from hard objects that they had previously experienced by touching their textures...
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...Week 2 – DQ 2 What are some factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions? Which do you believe are most important? What are some ways markets can be segmented? How do firms decide which market segments to target? Factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions are price, income, credit facilities, reference groups, and need satisfaction, (uPublish.info, 2005-2012). I believe a factor that is most important is the ‘needs satisfaction.’ According to uPublish.info, 2005-2012, Maslow’s theory of motivation suggests that human beings seek to satisfy lower needs and then the higher needs: 1. Physiological needs- this includes the basic needs such as food and shelter 2. Safety- this include shelter and the needs to protect one from danger 3. Affection- these are the needs for one to belong to certain groups or family 4. Self esteem- these are the needs for recognition and dignity 5. Self actualization- these are the needs to realize our full potential As we saw fuel prices rise, there was less traveling involved, thus this affected airline companies and vacation destinations. For the most part, people need to feel secure with basic needs, such as food, shelter, gas, etc. before making big purchasing decisions. A bad example of this would be the housing market. Many banks were lending money to people who could not afford to make the monthly payments. I do not know whether the people knew this or the bankers convinced them they could make the payments. Somewhere...
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...(Uthicke 1997); others live in temperate or polar waters (Hamel and Mercier 1995). Even the depth at which these animals can be found varies greatly. Many species live within the intertidal zone, but a few sea cucumbers live deep in the ocean, some among hydrothermal vents (Smirnov et al. 2000). Regardless of the environment in which they are found, sea cucumbers have become highly adapted to life in that environment, especially in their reproductive cycles. Sea cucumbers can reproduce through sexual reproduction as well as asexual reproduction. Each mode of reproduction has several environmental factors that have been proposed to control its timing. This paper will first introduce the two types of reproduction found in sea cucumbers. I will then discuss some of the factors that have been shown to regulate sexual reproduction, specifically the processes of gametogenesis and spawning, and the factors assumed to control asexual reproduction. Finally, I will make a few suggestions as to directions that should be taken during future studies on external cues for reproduction in holothuroids. TYPES OF REPRODUCTION IN HOLOTHUROIDS Sexual...
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...Influence of Social Factors on the Course of HIV/AIDS An estimated 34.2 million people are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) worldwide (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/statistics.html). Currently there is no cure for HIV or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS); however, a combination of medication and good mental health may treat the disease (http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/hivaids/understanding/treatment/pages/default.aspx; http://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/staying-healthy-with-hiv-aids/taking-care-of-yourself/mental-health/). Most of the individuals who are infected with HIV/AIDS experience depression and an increase in life stressors. However, positive social support and disclosure of HIV/AIDS status decreases stress, leading to better mental health (Hays, Turner, & Coates, 1992; Turner-Cobb et al., 2002). The major at-risk groups for HIV/AIDS are adolescents, gays, bisexuals, injected drug users, and minority women (Taylor & Sirois, 2011). In this paper, the influence of social factors on the course of HIV/AIDS is investigated. It is hypothesized that the influence of social support, such as emotional (receiving emotional comfort), informational (receiving information or advice on personal issues), and practical (counting on others for help) on mental health will mitigate the course and experience of HIV. Five empirical studies are explored in an attempt to demonstrate and support the hypothesis. In a research article by Hay, Turner and...
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...In the book Tangerine, by Edward Bloor, the two biggest factors that influence Paul’s life are his eyesight and his love of soccer. On the first day of school, while looking at the campus map, Paul reads a handwritten note saying, “Vision-impaired students should report to the office for assistance.(36)”, and then he says, “I did not [appreciate the note]…That made me mad. What did [Mrs. Gates] plan to do? Assign me a dog and a cane?” He is blind, but he does not like how people give him special care because of that. He does not have a thankful attitude towards the help but feels angry and humiliated. Also, his eyesight made him wear special glasses and goggles, which gave him nicknames. His brother, Eric, calls him an ‘eclipse boy,’ and a...
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...Describe the factors that influence the effectiveness of interpersonal communication Interpersonal communication This process of sharing ideas and feelings between individuals. This can be improved through appropriate knowledge practices, feedback and reflection. Cultural influence Culture is referred to as customs, language, arts of a particular region. It includes learned values, beliefs and behaviors common to a group of individuals. Culture can be strong barrier to interpersonal communication between people of different cultures. Individuals from different cultures or background often carry an attitude that their own culture is superior to that of others. This hampers communication between groups from different cultures. For example: an individual who is ethnocentric in nature often is under the impression that anyone who doesn’t belong to their group is either strange or inferior. This perception prevents healthy social and political communication between the two parties. Power This is the ability to influence others and have strong self control under complex circumstances. All interpersonal communication or interactions reflect some form of power which maybe obvious or hidden. Obvious power refers to people who occupy a higher position in business and have to communicate with other employees. People in power positions may exert their power on individuals who are not equally competent and this inequality could act as a barrier to effective communication. Noise This is an...
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...Factors That Influence Customer Loyalty in Retail Businesses In: Business and Management Factors That Influence Customer Loyalty in Retail Businesses FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN RETAIL BUSINESSES IN KERICHO COUNTY (A Case Study of Mutai Wholesalers Limited) BY PHILIP KIPRONO KEMEI ADM.NO. 2574/11 A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT OF MOI UNIVERSITY. 8TH MARCH 2012 DECLARATION This Project study is my original work and has not been presented to any other examination body. No part of this work should be reproduced without my consent or that of Moi University. Signature……………………………………………… Date………………………………….. Name: PHILIP KIPRONO KEMEI Declaration by supervisor: This research has been submitted with my approval as the Moi University supervisor Name: __________________________ Sign: ____________________ Date: _____________ Lecturer Moi University (Nairobi Satellite Campus) DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this research proposal to my loving wife and daughter who supported me emotionally all through this time and for the inspiration and support extended in various ways. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My warmest thanks goes to all those who have facilitated this research proposal...
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...Subject: Investment in real estate in New York City and factors Topic: Factors that influence investment in real estates in New York City Question: What are factors that provide the foreign investors to invest their money to real estate in New York City? Thesis: Diversification, big amount of money, exchange rate and quality of life are factors that influence foreigners to invest in real estate in New York City Abstract: With the economic crisis in the U.S., Americans are worried about investing in real estate while foreign investors feel the U.S. real estate market is very enthusiastic especially in New York City. According to an annual survey taken by the Association of Foreign Investors in Real Estate (AFIRE), the U.S. rose to the top of the real estate market world. AFIRE members hold more than $627 billion of global real estate, including $265 billion in the U.S. About 72 percent of the respondents planned to invest more money in the United States in 2011. Based on the foreign investors in real estate in the U.S., the research evaluated the factors that influence the foreign investment in U.S. real estate. Outline of the Paper 1. Introduction 2. Foreign Investors Taxation 3. When to Invest in Real Estate 4. Factors that Influence Investing in Real Estate in New York City * Big Amount of Money * Diversification * Exchange Rate * Quality of Life 5. Conclusion 6. List of References Introduction When the economy goes down...
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...FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN RETAIL BUSINESSES IN KERICHO COUNTY (A Case Study of Mutai Wholesalers Limited) BY PHILIP KIPRONO KEMEI ADM.NO. 2574/11 A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT OF MOI UNIVERSITY. 8TH MARCH 2012 DECLARATION This Project study is my original work and has not been presented to any other examination body. No part of this work should be reproduced without my consent or that of Moi University. Signature……………………………………………… Date………………………………….. Name: PHILIP KIPRONO KEMEI Declaration by supervisor: This research has been submitted with my approval as the Moi University supervisor Name: __________________________ Sign: ____________________ Date: _____________ Lecturer Moi University (Nairobi Satellite Campus) DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this research proposal to my loving wife and daughter who supported me emotionally all through this time and for the inspiration and support extended in various ways. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My warmest thanks goes to all those who have facilitated this research proposal. The greatest debt is to Dr. Mugambi the unit facilitator who through his knowledge he shared in class and several guidance has enabled this proposal...
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...Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard Robert S. Kaplan Working Paper 10-074 Copyright © 2010 by Robert S. Kaplan Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard1 Robert S. Kaplan Harvard Business School, Harvard University 1 Paper originally prepared for C. Chapman, A. Hopwood, and M. Shields (eds.), Handbook of Management Accounting Research: Volume 3 (Elsevier, 2009). 1 Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard Abstract David Norton and I introduced the Balanced Scorecard in a 1992 Harvard Business Review article (Kaplan & Norton, 1992). The article was based on a multi-company research project to study performance measurement in companies whose intangible assets played a central role in value creation (Nolan Norton Institute, 1991). Norton and I believed that if companies were to improve the management of their intangible assets, they had to integrate the measurement of intangible assets into their management systems. After publication of the 1992 HBR article, several companies quickly adopted the Balanced Scorecard giving us deeper and broader insights into its power and potential. During the next 15 years, as it was adopted by thousands of private, public, and nonprofit enterprises around the...
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