...POSTMODERN APPROACHES Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapies Key Terms: Alternative story- a story that develops in counseling in contradiction to the dominant story that is embedded in a problem. Co-authoring- a co-joint process where client and counselor share responsibility for developing alternative stories. Deconstruction- exploring meaning by taking apart/unpacking the taken-for-granted categories and assumptions underlying social practices that are guised as truths. Dominant story- understanding a situation that is accepted within a culture that appears to represent reality. Dominant stories are developed through conversations in social and cultural contexts and these stories shape how people construct and constitute what people see, feel, and do. Exception questions- SF counselors inquire about times when the problem(s) have not been problematic. Shows that problems are not ever existing and always overpowering. Externalizing conversation- a way of speaking about a problem as if it is a distant entity, separate of the person. Based on the premise that people who view themselves as the problem limit themselves to the extent they cannot effectively deal with the problem. Formula first session task- observation homework given that must be completed between first and second session. They must observe what is happening in their lives that they want to continue to happening. Mapping-the-influence questions- a series of questions asked about a problem...
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...Postmodern Approach to Social Constructivism Laura Romine Liberty University Abstract As the world looks at the reality of communal exchange, thumbing back to historical debates of empirical and rational schools of thought, delineations from dualism to social interchange and collaboration refine hypothesis’ of undisputable truth. Reminiscent of the psychoanalytic movement with greats such as Freud, Jung and Adler, therapy, more of an art than science, and current day philosophies drive which models influence today’s truth. Reality is fashioned by language, how we feel, act and think, revealing “stories” we tell the self as contextual meanings. These beliefs now evolve one’s creation and truth. The therapist, joining in recognition of new perspectives, empowers and helps the client see that forward progress is strength within oneself. In a social constructivist point of view, the therapist detaches from the expert status of defining the problem. From family therapy and the multicultural lens, therapists now challenge cultural factors that, in turn, shape the client’s perceptions in the format of brief therapies. Keywords: brief therapies, collaborative, family therapy, social constructionism Postmodern Approach to Social Constructivism In the 21st century a paradigm shift motivated the field of psychology to unlock a fresh world view revealing the objet d'art of collective exchange. Referring to the modernistic creation of self, it is said that the anthropological...
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...makes us who we are, these are just some of the questions that help us discover ourselves. I have spent a great deal of time and effort understanding who I am and what goes into that. As well as how the situations and people around me have made impressions on my life. Then beginning to dealing with the issues that have come up because of these things. At the end of the day, I believe a few things to be true: relationships mold our existence, our spiritual lives affect us, and a holistic view and self-awareness are keys to growth. As I have traced the steps of several theories, one sticks out as primary to who I am – Existential-Humanistic Theory. Taking the essence of this theory and combining it with aspects of Developmental Counseling Theory and Family Therapy, I hope to have a comprehensive fit to my personality as a budding counselor. Adaptable and Practical Being highly spiritual makes Existential-Humanistic Theory appealing to me. Their views of finding meaning in life coincides with my personal belief that we all have a need to be accepted, loved and have a purpose. Some key components of Existential-Humanistic include (Ivey et al., 2007): - Being in the world our task is to understand the meaning of this and where it’s derived from. - We discover who we are through our...
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... No two people are alike and therefore they will make their own decisions even if it is a mystery. Instead, counselors can help the client by asking direct questions, using mental imagining, and focusing on their accomplishment Counselors should use their skills as an art by applying, adapting, and integrating a counseling style that works best for them while working along with and helping their clients. Key skills of the career counselor include, but are not limited to clarifying content, reflecting feeling, open-ended questioning, skill identifying, value clarifying, creative imagining, information giving, role-playing, spot-checking, summarizing, task setting, and establishing the “yes and buts.” Some other skills include an open invitation to talk, focusing, leading, and encouraging. However, counselors should use the “client-centered” theory approach of Carl Rogers; refraining from giving advice to their clients because it encourages the client to be dependent on the counselor’s insights, and the counselor cannot know what is best for the client. Keywords: counselor, client, career Objectives of Career Counseling Career counseling objectives focus on the counselor-client relationship that helps foster the best possible quality of life and overall welfare of the client. Counselors ensure this by assuming responsibility and accountability for their actions. They also imagine career ideas that help promote creative ways of helping their clients...
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...weakness and meaning and absurdity. Best known authors on existential counselling are Irvin Yalom in the USA through his book Existential Psychotherapy (1981) New York: Basic Books and Emmy van Deurzen, who created the British School and who published her bookExistential Counselling and Psychotherapy in 1988 (London: Sage Publications; second edition 2002, third edition 2011). Existential therapy essentially helps deal with the problems of everyday living, such as relationship difficulties (both with Individuals & in Couple Therapy), anxiety/fear, food/body-image issues, addictions, mood disorders, social anxiety, panic, trauma, low self-esteem, unresolved childhood issues, sexual issues and others. It is a clear, direct and honest approach helping clients work on their particular, unique, experiences, problems, dilemmas and issues. It is appropriate for both short and long term therapy. It ideally suits those who wish to examine themselves and their relationship with others and the world. Existential psychotherapy and counselling draws its frame of reference from a philosophical tradition rather than medical or diagnostic principles. Unlike other, more prescriptive...
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...Structural Approach to Family Counseling Beverly Manning COUN 601 – Marriage and Family Counseling I Liberty University July 5, 2013 ABST RACT Families are always growing and changing. They are considered living systems made up of many components. If families can’t adjust to change, the capability of the family and its individual members can be compromised. Structural family therapy (SFT) is a therapeutic approach that identifies that families have a lot of strengths. SFT tries to push families past dysfunctional patterns of interaction. This report details the application of the structural family therapy model, and I will specify my own therapeutic technique and explain how I would include faith into my counseling sessions. Structural Approach to Family Counseling One of the most important goals of a therapist is to understand how a family works. The family therapy movement has had the daunting task of trying to uncover the many facets of the family. Family therapy is full of many different approaches from psychoanalysis to the narrative approach. Each approach has been able to uncover a new aspect of the family. According to Nicholas (1999), the structural family therapy has had a significant impact on family therapy by introducing concepts of family hierarchy and boundaries. This allowed for the introduction to the idea of family as a new and organized strategy to cope...
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...What are the most important therapeutic uses of Scripture in counseling? Scripture is the Word of God and is a fountain of wisdom. In the book of Hebrew says “the word of God is alive and active.” The most important therapeutic uses of scripture are: when personal problems arise, for example when there are feelings of guilt, anxiety, when there is suffering, trauma, stress and depression. Another therapeutic use of scriptures is in interpersonal conflicts, for example resentment family issues, marriage issues. Another important therapeutic use of the scriptures are when unfortunate events occur, for example the loss of a love one, financial problems, crisis caused by catastrophes. According to McMinn (1996) some counselors advocate using Scripture as a Therapeutic intervention for recovery groups with codependence problems, to help couples recover from sexual affairs, in child therapy using Narrative therapy and cognitive therapy using Scripture memory and meditation. In the book of Timothy, Paul says: “All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the servant of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work”. In the book of Philippians 4:8 say “Finally, brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable if anything is excellent or praise worthy think about such things.” What are some cautions or possible...
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...Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy by Gerald Corey Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning Theory Students: The following is an outline form of powerpoints produced by Gerald Corey, the textbook author, designed to accompany the textbook. Please note that the author is Gerald Corey and this work is produced by Cengage Learning, a division of Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. This work is copyrighted and can be reproduced and used only with the permission of the textbook company. The Therapeutic Relationship • The therapeutic relationship is an important component of effective counseling • The therapist as a person is a key part of the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments • Research shows that both the therapy relationship and the therapy used contribute to treatment outcome Theories of Counseling • Gerald Corey’s Perspective of Theories of Counseling: • No single model can explain all the facets of human experience o Eleven approaches to counseling and psychotherapy are discussed • Your textbook book assumes: o Students can begin to acquire a counseling style tailored to their own personality ▪ The process will take years ▪ Different theories are not “right” or “wrong” ▪ The Effective Counselor from the perspective of Gerald Corey • The most important instrument you have is YOU ▪ Your...
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...Psychotherapy is a treatment between a trained professional and a person or group.Psychotherapy aims to increase the individual's sense of his/her own well-being. Psychotherapists employ a range of techniques based on experiential relationship building, dialogue, communication and behavior change that are designed to improve the mental health of a client or patient, or to improve group relationships (such as in a family). Psychotherapy may also be performed by practitioners with different qualifications, including psychiatry, clinical psychology, counseling psychology, clinical or psychiatric social work, mental health counseling, marriage and family therapy, rehabilitation counseling, school counseling, hypnotherapy, play therapy, music therapy, art therapy, drama therapy, dance/movement therapy, occupational therapy, psychiatric nursing and psychoanalysis. Most forms of psychotherapy use spoken conversation. Some also use various other forms of communication such as the written word, artwork, drama, narrative story or music. Psychotherapy with children and their parents often involves play, dramatization (i.e. role-play), and drawing. Psychotherapy occurs within a structured encounter between a trained therapist and client(s). Purposeful, theoretically based psychotherapy began in the 19th century with psychoanalysis; since then, scores of other approaches have been developed and continue to be created. Psychoanalysis was perhaps the first specific school of psychotherapy...
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...Career Counseling Term Paper [SCHOOL NAME HERE] [YOUR NAME HERE] [DATE HERE] Person-in-Environment The person-in-environment theory concentrates on the situation one may find him or herself in over the course of one’s life. For example, various life stages may include preparing to graduate from high school, going into college, graduating from college, getting married, buying a home, having children, and so forth. These various situations impact the person in different ways. Also, the social context in which the person experiences these stages is also relevant. For example, if a person is entering college and is seeking employment in an area in which other people of the same age are not seeking higher education, there will be some conflicting priorities, needs and abilities that the person will encounter and have to cope with. Another term used to describe the person-in-environment theory is “ecological system” (Zunker, 2012, pg. 57). While this term is more commonly used when talking about flora and fauna in the wild, it is very applicable to career counseling as well. The career world is often congruent to that of the animal kingdom. There are hierarchies, competition for resources, and inevitably someone thrives and someone fails. By focusing on this corresponding model as an analogy to how one’s career may evolve over time and through various obstacles, a career counselor can help a person to focus on external issues and how to best handle them. This is...
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...Counseling Setting: Provide a summary of the clients, agency, and services provided. If applicable, describe the agency or site supervisor’s theoretical orientation. The counseling setting is private practice in Midway, Georgia called Coastal Family Counseling. The agency is run by an established a clinical social worker. The services provided treat a multiple disorders, but the area of focus is trauma, PTSD, and mood disorders like major depression and bipolar disorder. The site super visor’s main theoretical orientation is emotionally focused therapy, but like many in the mental health field use other theories. She also uses the orientation of Cognitive Behavior and EMDR. The use of EMDR is becoming more and more common because it can...
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...arise when counseling blended families by focusing on the family dynamic system. Blended families or step-families are becoming more prevalent in the United States each year. The number of divorces has continued to rise in the United States, which has caused the rate of couples remarrying to increase as well. Blended families usually result from different life circumstances such, as past relationships, divorces, deaths, and separations. At times blended families are faced with many challenges, and these challenges can cause significant problems within the new relationships. Some of the problems are due to different parenting styles. Children are having to readjust to a new lifestyle and getting along with stepparents or siblings can put an obstacle into the new relationship. Family counseling provides blended families with an opportunity and a platform for voicing their feelings and learning ways to accommodate each other within the family. Keywords: Blended families, counseling, divorce, remarriage, children, separation, parenting style, step-siblings, and widowing. Blended Family Counseling Introduction Blended families are becoming accepted in today’s society, and many families are merging together as one. Gonzales (2009) defined blended family as two couples coming together into a new relationship with one or more children from a previous relationship. Customarily, the primary family structure consisted of a two-parent household. The head of the family was led by...
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...traumatic for children and adolescents, often involving separation from their families, placement changes, and a sense of instability. These challenges can have profound effects on their mental health, increasing the risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Research consistently shows that youth in foster care are disproportionately affected by suicidal thoughts and attempts compared to their peers not in foster care (Leathers et al., 2019; Jones et al., 2020). Traditional intervention approaches may not adequately address the complex needs of this population. Therefore, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies to prevent suicide among children and adolescents...
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...recommending she see a medical doctor to prescribe her some medication to help with the anxiety, and a sleep aid so she can rest at night. First off its very common diagnosis all it means is she has unexpected panic attacks that tend to reoccur. Agoraphobia is a fear of being in crowded places or about being in public places which she does not have. It is recommended that Jadine continue counseling to address her anxiety, and to help her balance her work, school and family life. I think Jadine would benefit from mindfulness techniques like meditation to help reduce her stress. I think Jadine would benefit greatly from a support group for single mothers....
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...Education Department Goals: 1. Plan and provide an educational program that benefits the community through academic initiatives and other educational support. . Narrative: P.L. 102-477 Program- an integrated Employment, Training, and Education Program. Education and Training-services such as a GED, Higher Education, Adult Vocational, Career Enhancement, and WEX- Work Experience Program. To provide support to clients who have children the 477 program offers assistance with Child Care Services. Child Care Services- assists families/parents that want to achieve higher education, training, and employment. This enhances and improves the quality of the lives of a family. General Assistance- provides clients direct financial assistance while working towards self-sufficiency through employment and training. Supportive Services- provides services for clients whom are employed, in educational related act ivies, or training. The Supportive...
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