...analyze gender stratification and its relation to women in Rwanda; also the demographic imbalance in post-genocide Rwanda will be explored. In addition in the following paragraphs the current roles women in Rwanda play in the areas of economics, politics, and social development after genocide will be discussed. In Rwanda in 1994 genocide occurred with mass killings of hundreds of thousands of minority Tutsis and Hutu. The death tolls are believed to be 800,000 or more. The three main ethnic groups in Rwanda have a very long history of social differences. Although they had differences they were able to live in relative peace until German and Belgian colonizers encouraged the barely controlled animosity between the Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa to erupt into violence. Habyalimana was president at this time and his assassination started the Rwanda genocide, which became one of the most massive killings in history. The women and young girls of this country were the victims of rape, mutilations, and death. The Hutu’s targeted and killed Tutsi’s and moderate Hutu men which not only was this genocide but it was also focused on gender. During the genocide there were a large number of Tutsi males murdered throughout Rwanda, and even today the scars from this civil war are still being felt and it is evident in Rwanda’s demographic imbalance. It is believed by sociologists that the demographic imbalance will continue in Rwanda for many years. One effect that this demographic imbalance...
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...The Sociological Review of Hotel Rwanda Paul Rusesabagina, a hotel manager, was living in Rwanda in the year 1994. During that year, Rwanda, a small country in Africa, went into a civil war between the Hutu and the Tutsi. The Hutu rebels went and assassinated the President of Rwanda and started the massacring the Tutsi. Paul Rusesabagina, a Hutu, was against the killing the Tutsi, since his wife and neighbors were Tutsi. Throughout the movie, Paul brought in survivors and attempted to get them into safety and try to escape the attempt of genocide that was happening in Rwanda. One of the biggest social structures that created throughout this movie was the difference between ascribed and achieved status. An ascribed status was status you were born with, and for the most part, it cannot be changed. In the movie, the ascribed status that affect the war was the ascribed status of being a Hutu or a Tutsi. And for the achieved status, it was the political power the Tutsi had in Rwanda. Most of the power in the politics in Rwanda was held by Tutsi, from the president to their congress. Through this, the Hutu was the minority of...
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...analyze gender stratification and its relation to women in Rwanda; also the demographic imbalance in post-genocide Rwanda will be explored. In addition in the following paragraphs the current roles women in Rwanda play in the areas of economics, politics, and social development after genocide will be discussed. In Rwanda in 1994 genocide occurred with mass killings of hundreds of thousands of minority Tutsis and Hutu. The death tolls are believed to be 800,000 or more. The three main ethnic groups in Rwanda have a very long history of social differences. Although they had differences they were able to live in relative peace until German and Belgian colonizers encouraged the barely controlled animosity between the Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa to erupt into violence. Habyalimana was president at this time and his assassination started the Rwanda genocide, which became one of the most massive killings in history. The women and young girls of this country were the victims of rape, mutilations, and death. The Hutu’s targeted and killed Tutsi’s and moderate Hutu men which not only was this genocide but it was also focused on gender. During the genocide there were a large number of Tutsi males murdered throughout Rwanda, and even today the scars from this civil war are still being felt and it is evident in Rwanda’s demographic imbalance. It is believed by sociologists that the demographic imbalance will continue in Rwanda for many years. One effect that this demographic imbalance...
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...Rwanda, assignment 2 Rwanda's history is marked by hunger, violence and war, and not least the lack of democracy. Most of us associate Rwanda with the genocide in 1994. It will long be remembered for the international community's inability to intervene. Around a million people were killed in the most brutal ways. Then and today people still live side by side with the families of the killers. How can a country stand up again and experience the peace and reconciliation? The genocide started 7.april.1994 after the presidential plane where shot down and killed Rwanda’s President Juvènal Habyarimana. The mass murder continued the next 100 days, and it weren’t an army or some gangs with weapons that killed the Tutsis, it was ordinary Hutus who choose to remove the Tutsis from the country. They slaughtered the Tutsis with machetes and other sharp items. The Front Patriotique Rwandais was the Tutsis army and the leader of the army General Paul Kagame stopped the massacre and shortly after he became the new president. Rwanda is a small state with a population of around 8 million. It is one of the most densely populated country in Africa. Most are Hutus who make up just over 80 percent of the population. A small tribe are Tutsis who account for approx. 15 percent. The Legal Settlement for the massacres is an important part of the reconstruction but peace and reconciliation cannot be pushed on Rwanda from outside. It must come from within. Rwandan authorities tries to conducting a so-called...
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...EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM LEGACY IN RWANDA In We Wish To Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families, author Philip Gourevitch writes, “Whatever Hutu and Tutsi identity may have stood for in the pre-colonial state no longer mattered; the Belgians had made “ethnicity” the defining feature of Rwandan existence”. In his book, he analyzes the background and causes of the Rwandan genocide in 1994 through interviews with survivors or descendants, and through his own trips to the country. The horrible tragedy of 1994 was a result the Hutus getting retaliation on the Tutsi tribe, but these two tribes were not always seen as two separate races. After the Belgium Empire gained control of Rwanda, it was through their regime that Hutus and Tutsis were manipulated to plot against each other, and that one was more superior to the other. By examining the pre-colonial history of Rwanda, Belgium control leading up to the country’s independence, and the genocide of the Tutsis by the Hutus, we can legitimately connect the legacy of European imperialism to the genocide of 1994, and see how much of an impact imperialism has had on the country. The pre-colonial era in Rwanda is important to consider when determining how much of an impact imperialism did have on the country. Before Belgium took control over Rwanda, the country was inhabited by “cave-dwelling pygmies whose descendants today are called the Twa people, a marginalized and disenfranchised group”. The Hutus and...
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...ARNAUD NDIZIHIWE Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Soldiers, Communities, Societies From War Participation MARCH 2012 TABLE OF CONTENT PROLOGUE PART I POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER Part II: IMPACT ON THE INDIVIDUAL Part III: IMPACT ON FAMILY Part IV: IMPACT ON THE COMMUNITY PART V: OVERCOMING POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER PART VI: DISCUSSION BIBLIOGRAPHY Post-Traumatic stress Disorders on Soldiers, Communities, Societies from War Participation Prologue A few years back when I was in Rwanda, it was no longer surprising to a attend a memorial ceremony and each time, all of a sudden, some women would start screaming:"They are coming for me!" as if they were being chased to death or men losing control and start shouting at another group of people:"You murderers!". We were used to this phenomenon but a newcomer would certainly creep out. For me, their reaction is perfectly understandable and tough I view it from my country's perspective and experience, post traumatic stress disorder is a global sociological and psychological issue that needs to be addressed. Conflicts inciting violence are still going on, some have ended but a large number of war survivors and victims are still haunted by the memories, they have experienced the worst situations humanly possible and if the issue is not addressed properly, trauma can be perpetual...
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...Final Essay Question The nation of Rwanda has a long and troubled history. It can be considered an experiment of colonization, a slave state to European nations, and even an inferior population living under another nation’s law. Germany and Belgium left their roots in Rwanda and Burundi, another nation developed after the independence the Hutu’s and Tutsi’s won in 1962. The well-known genocide of Rwanda that began in 1994 erupted for many reasons. However, after closely examining this countries fascinating history, one can see that the mass Genocide of 1994 was a result of European influence towards the Hutu and Tutsi people. Looking back to the 14th century, when the Tutsi first arrived in Rwanda one can begin to see how the Hutu-Tutsi relationship began to form. The Tutsi people invaded Rwanda from the southern nation of Ethiopia. The Tutsi people were taller and thinner in appearance than the Hutu. During their entire history of their time in Rwanda, the Tutsi never exceeded a quarter of the population. When the Tutsi warriors first entered Rwanda, they were well outnumbered but still prevailed victorious. By the 15th century, the Tutsi’s had gained complete rule. The Hutu people were given protection and their lives were spared as long as they gave the Tutsi rulers crops and cattle. The political structure that had been established, with Mwami in charge, (Tutsi elitists) allowed this type of deal to be worked out. Mwami ruled over Rwanda for several hundred years and had...
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...The film Hotel Rwanda focuses no the story of Paul, a hotel manager in Rwanda, who is a Hutu. His wife and family are Tutsis. On April 6,1994 the Rwandan president "also a Hutu" was killed when his plane was shot down over Kigali airport. Political Hutus blamed the Tutsis for his death. Within hours the Hutus gang start going around killing the Tutsis and some Hutus. Over 1 million people were killed in three months. The cruel massacre left dead bodies on the floor with no remorse. There was a a conversation between Paul and another hutu " you really think you can kill all the tutsis?" response " were half way there". Paul was out to kill the Tutsis since his family were tutsis. He was out to save his family, but ended up saving over 1,000 people by bribing the Hutu army to let them go. As the fighting and killing gets worst each day, the United Nations came into Rwanda to take their citizens back home. The soldiers did not stop to help the Tutsis people because of the color of their skin. They were left to fend for them self. When the the Rwandans were left last efforts to evacuate with the UN forces, they were ambushed and had to turn back. Paul decides to go speak to the Rwandan Army General for help, but Paul's bribes no longer worked for the General. Paul then black mails the General with threats of not speaking up when they say that the General has done malicious acts. The General then agree and help them...
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...Sometimes in April Response “Thousands Died, Many Knew, Millions did Nothing” Raul Peck’s Sometimes in April, unlike the other films, focused on the guilt of the world as the genocide unraveled as well as the pain felt by the families that tried to survive. The movie depicts the struggle of a man’s family, personally, and their fight to get out of the country. We basically see how they are directly affected by the mass murder. The idea of the main character, Augustin, allows for the audience to feel the pain most families felt. As opposed to Hotel Rwanda and Paul’s happy/hopeful ending, Augustin’s pain remains even years after the war between Hutu and Tutsi. The director used Augustin as a tool to show the audience what resources lacked in the country to protect the thousands of people that were slaughtered. The film also portrays the real horror that must have been felt by the thousands hiding in ditches and swamps all across the country. It was eye-opening to have the movie take place in two different locations: Rwanda and America. We see the fear and the struggle in Rwanda, while witnessing the apathy and nonchalance of America to assist in preventing, if not ending the slaughter(s). While being much more explicit and striking than Hotel Rwanda, the audience is moved to be biased against America’s lack of concern toward the incident. According to University for Peace, Augustin’s agreement to witness his brother’s trial for ultimately instigating the vicious crimes sheds...
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...the Genocide of Rwanda, is why many come to believe that they are to blame for the extreme massacre. To answer the question of how Belgium is to blame for it, this investigation will focus on the acts of Belgium rising up to the Genocide of Rwanda, how Belgium impacted the emotions and actions of the Hutus and Tutsis, and how Belgium lead the Hutu’s into a full blown massacre of the Tutsi’s. The Belgians conducted a census in 1993-34 and introduced identity cards that divided the Hutu, Tutsi, or Twa “ethnicity” of each citizen.The Belgians also had a 10 cow rule that racialized the Hutu’s from the Tutsi’s. If anyone had more than 10 cows they were a Tutsi under Belgian census law, but anybody that had fewer than 10 cows was a Hutu. After these laws were put in place, there became a strong distinction between the ethnical groups. The Belgians always changed which side they supported based on who was stronger. For instance, the Belgians supported Hutu education in 1959 because the Hutu’s were becoming a...
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...Bonita Robinson October 24, 2013 English 102 11:00 – 11:50 Professor: Adam Fisher Hotel Rwanda Movie Review “Hotel Rwanda” is a harsh drama based on a true story that addresses the genocide in Rwanda in the early mid to nineties. Generations of European conquest by the Belgians, resulted in the establishment of two social classes: the Hutu and Tutsi. For the majority of the movie, the minority Tutsi ruled and oppressed the Hutu, but as the level of power reversed, the Hutu, who were in the majority, became determined in their objective for eradicating the Tutsi people. The movie “Hotel Rwanda” is an adaptation of the story of Paul Rusesabagina (played by Don Cheadle), who is a mild mannered, well respected, and business savvy, Hutu hotel manager whose livelihood is sacrificed for a greater cause amidst widespread savagery and barbarism. Although his social status provides him with relatively safety, his Tutsi wife, family and neighbors must face life-threatening conditions. Paul’s elite Hotel des Milles Collines, becomes a safe-haven for his family, neighbors and hundreds of other Tutsis. Their lives are in constant danger, but critical thinking by Cheadle’s character keeps his family from becoming victims. Paul becomes responsible for several hundred lives as he welcomes others in the hotel, and relies on the prospect of international intervention. As the film progresses, Paul understands that the UN will no longer provide assistance, forcing him to become self-reliant...
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...Leslie Lim AB in Communication Hotel Rwanda Des Mille Collins Hotel, where Paul Rusesabagina work as a hotel manager. He is a Hutu who doesn’t support the Hutu violence and rebellion against Tutsi. Paul bribes military men with money and alcohol so he and his Tutsi family and also the refugees will be protected. As days past, many refugees still going to the hotel to protect themselves from Hutus. Some of them that arrive are children from orphanage. In this, we can see how a good person is Paul. He doesn’t care about if you are a Hutu or a Tutsi because he cares for everybody. Paul teaches us here that, we must look to what is ethical in terms of our race. It doesn’t matter if you are black or white or even rich or poor. Colonel Oliver from United Nation really tried his best to help Paul’ family and other Tutsi family to get out of Rwanda even if in the first place, the foreigners, and influential people are allowed to escape. And also because he sees how Paul take care of them. When violence starts to grow, Paul asks for assistance to General Augustin Bizimungu. However Paul's bribes are no longer effective and he looks for another way of convincing the General. Paul blackmail him with threats of being tried as a war criminal. The General feeling so impotent helps Paul by going back for his family and hotel refugees to leave the hotel, which is being now attack, in a United Nations convoy. In this movie, I see how radio was use by people to get updated about the rebellion...
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...Jared Diamond, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (2005). CHAPTER 10: Malthus in Africa: Rwanda's Genocide A dilemma ■ Events in Rwanda ■ More than ethnic hatred ■ Buildup in Kanama ■ Explosion in Kanama ■ Why it happened When my twin sons were 10 years old and again when they were 15, my wife and I took them on family vacations to East Africa. Like many other tourists, the four of us were overwhelmed by our firsthand experience of Africa's famous large animals, landscapes, and people. No matter how often we had already seen wildebeest moving across the TV screen of National Geographic specials viewed in the comfort of our living rooms, we were unprepared for the sight, sound, and smell of millions of them on the Serengeti Plains, as we sat in a Land Rover surrounded by a herd stretching from our vehicle to the horizon in all directions. Nor had television prepared us for the immense size of Ngorongoro Crater's flat and treeless floor, and for the steepness and height of its inner walls down which one drives from a tourist hotel perched on the rim to reach that floor. East Africa's people also overwhelmed us, with their friendliness, warmth to our children, colorful clothes -- and their sheer numbers. To read in the abstract about "the population explosion" is one thing; it is quite another thing to encounter, day after day, lines of African children along the roadside, many of them about the same size and age as my sons, calling out to passing...
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...Final Project: Crisis in Rwanda Rhonda K. Dasher Walden University FPSY6740-01 Dr. Tracy Mallett November 17, 2013 Abstract The following review is based on the 1994 genocide which occurred in the small sovereign state of Rwanda, with a specific concentration on the rape victims and the consequences of the attacks. The review will describe the crisis intervention approach as well as any legal, ethical, or multicultural considerations concerning the crisis. Followed by an assessment of the impact of the victims as well as the global community will be offered. Furthermore a description of crisis intervention skills and strategies which would be best suited for this particular crisis and the potential for long term effects including risk and resilience factors. The review will conclude with trends or possible research related to the crisis in Rwanda. Crisis in Rwanda President Clinton once stated “each bloodletting hastens the next, and as the value of human life is degraded and violence becomes tolerated, the unimaginable becomes more conceivable” (Goodreads, 2013). On April 7, 1994 madness swept through Rwanda as a mass genocide began, the slaughter of thousands of men, women, and children would continue for the next 100 days. The mass killings were only part of the story of what was occurring in Rwanda, thousands of women and young girls were raped and sexually tortured. For those that survived the consequences of the aftermath were significant, in many cases...
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...Critical Analysis of Darwins Nightmare Vs Hotel Rwanda as development education tools in Irish classroom settings. The world we live in is ever changing, with technology at everyone’s finger tips how can we keep one step ahead in our classrooms to engage our pupils in development issues that were once only found in print texts. Our pupils live in a media age, where technology is built into their lives, the days of waiting for a weekly magazine for the latest news has all but died with a click of button they have access to a wealth of information from varying sources be it bias or unbiased that is for the reader to decide. As a teacher it is becoming increasingly difficult to distract pupils from the latest celebrity gossip to highlight real world issues of race, poverty, sexuality, exploitation, etc., the pupils of today are uninterested in reading about these issues in text books so a new approach needs to be taken to open their eyes. The use of media texts in delivering development education issues to our cinematographic teenagers is the direction we need to head in. The type of media text used is a choice that has to be made by the teacher when highlighting these issues, the question remains should one use documentaries or blockbuster movies; documentaries by their nature are very factual, complex, have real life images and settings and can be difficult to watch; blockbuster movies on the other hand are produced for entertainment value, they must appeal to the cinema...
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