... you start to forget the memories you once had, and worst of all, you start to forget who you are yourself. To some, this may seem like a horrible nightmare, but patients with Alzheimer's disease have to live their life with this burden. This is not something that can happen to anyone though, this disease usually affects people around the age of 65. So...
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...to Biology August 2, 2013 * The title of the article that I have chosen for this assignment is “The Era of Memory Engineering Has Arrived”. The article begins by explaining a basic plot of a sci-fi movie in which the main character has had his memories altered by scientists using electrode caps. The article then goes into detail about how a new set of experiments, led by MIT neuroscientists Steve Ramirez and Xu Liu in Susumu Tonegawa’s lab, shows that by using a stunning set of molecular neuroscience techniques. Scientists have captured specific memories in mice, altered them, and shown that the mice behave in accord with these new, false, implanted memories. The scientists needed a way of labeling neurons that were active during a specific experience, and a switch to make them work. It has been found that by using by using the molecule Channelrhodopsin, in already genetically modified mice. Scientists could see recent events that had been recorded to specific brain cells in those mice (Castro 2013). The article then states how with the use of doxycycline, the scientists were able to turn off the labeling or recording process of the experiment. This is important because the scientists were able to label memories in specific times and places. Once the scientists had labeled a memory to the mice, and were able to re-awaken that memory by using light that was shone onto the rodents brains. The scientists were able to (with the use of electrical shocks and...
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...Amnesia is one disorder of memory, Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new long term memories. Retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory for past events, and recall is usually worst for events occurring closest to the onset of amnesia. Explicit memory which is where information can be deliberately and consciously recalled, and implicit memory where recollection is independent of conscious awareness. Furthermore,, there are different types of LTM’s, for example procedural memory is the acquisition of motor skills, i.e. knowing how to ride a bike which is an implicit memory and Declarative memory which is fact based i.e. knowing that you can ride a bike which is an explicit memory. Amnesiacs tend to have poor explicit memory and unimpaired implicit memory which this can account for normal performance on tests of procedural memory. Evidence for this comes from the example of Clive Wearing who had damage to his hippocampus leaving him with only moment to moment memory. However, he could remember how to play the piano so his procedural memory was intact yet he could not remember that he could do so. This could be because the part of the brain responsible for procedural memories is the cerebellum and this was not affected in his case. Moreover procedural memories are stored in motor code rather than verbal code and this may make them less susceptible to decay. A problem with case studies of human amnesiacs is that they involve a single individual and so findings...
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...emission tomography study. (using a computerized radiographic technique to examine the metabolic activity in various tissues (especially in the brain). http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu Summary: The theory that the investigators came up with was that the deeper and more elobrative encoding leads to better memory. ( Encoding refers to the process of forming a memory code, putting information into memory.) the theory suggest the more elaborative the encoding the better the memory. Examples listed: if given a list of words to memorize, one way to try to encode would be structural ie (the font , phonemic characteristics, how the sound) The meaning of the words (semantic encoding) and self-referent encoding (which researchers have found to be the best) Objectives: One main objective of the experimenter was to see or determine what areas of the brain were activated when the processing task involved the self According to reading the left prefrontal cortex is the area associated with process of meaning. Right brain might be the area in the brain where the self is represented. Method of research: laboratory : pet scan Correlation: experimental: more elaborative encoding causes better memory, Method: Paricipants were eight-right handed participants( 4 males and 4 females) Procedure: research participants were presented with eight lists of personality traits that they were asked to encode using four encoding tasks( two lists for each tak) Self-task- judged how well the word described...
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...Having our traumatic memories erased can lead to greater harm. Throughout the article, Jonah Lehrer talks about the different treatments people succumb to in order to have their worst memories erased. Some of the treatments include PKMzeta inhibitors, Propanol, MDMA, etc. While all of the drugs have the same goal of wiping out bad memories, they each have their downsides that causes them to fail. While drugs seems like a worthy idea, ultimately what happens is people will not learn from their past mistakes which therefore leads them to repeat the same actions such as drug addiction. By taking pills to erase memories, this will enable people to lose total control of their mind by not becoming the person they want to be. Starting off, everyone has experienced...
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...Chapter 6: Analyzing Consumer Markets GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. ________ is the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use, and dispose of goods, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. 1. Target marketing 2. Psychographic segmentation 3. Psychology 4. Consumer behavior 5. Product differentiation Answer: d Page: 150 Difficulty: Easy AACSB: Analytic Skills 2. The fundamental determinant of a person’s wants and behavior is the person’s ________. 1. psyche 2. national origin 3. culture 4. peer group 5. family tree Answer: c Page: 150 Difficulty: Medium AACSB: Analytic Skills 3. A child growing up in the United States is exposed to all of the following values EXCEPT ________. 1. achievement and success 2. activity 3. efficiency and practicality 4. the importance of the group in daily life 5. freedom Answer: d Page: 150 Difficulty: Medium AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4. Which of the following would be the best illustration of a subculture? 1. A religion 2. A group of close friends 3. Your university 4. A fraternity or sorority 5. Your occupation Answer: a Page: 150 Difficulty: Hard 5. Based on information provided in the text, which of the following trends has lead to increased household consumption? 1. Growing female economic power ...
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...Cognitive Psychology Linda is an ex substance abuser and has experienced a few relapses. Linda is 33 and is in good health besides damage to her lungs due to smoking crack cocaine. She is concerned about her memory, since she misplaces her car keys at home and losing her car in the parking lot. Linda is also telling stories regarding her children and is later corrected for telling the story about the wrong child. Linda has no brain damage, besides the decay of her memory due to her substance abuse. When one has brain damage, or anyone uses any illicit drug, it affects the function of the brain. She believes she might be suffering from a neurological disorder. I believe the effect she is experiencing is due to her past substance use. Cocaine is known to cause several neurological disorders due to the fact that the crystalline free-base form is water insoluble which when smoking or free basing results in an instantaneous high contributing to the rapid absorption through the large pulmonary surface area and swift penetration to the brain. Cocaine can be absorbed from the mucous membrane, therefore causing neurological complications (Agarwal, 2013). Since she is healthy I would rule out that it is a neurological disorder and that it is just poor memory. Substance abuse affects the brain stem, the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex since drugs are chemicals. Cocaine causes nerve cells to release excessive amounts of natural neurotransmitters or prevent the normal...
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...McCracken 1/15/16 Professor McElrath English 202- 8:00am The NICU’s Symbolic Significance Symbols are pictures or objects that have different connotations based upon each specific person. Each person’s past must be acknowledged to determine whether the memory associated with the symbol is one of negative or positive influence. A symbol of great importance to me is the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). About 4 years ago, my younger sister was flown to mission to be placed in the NICU after birth. The thought of the NICU brings about an abundance of emotional responses. It was a nerve-wracking experience. The anticipation of knowing my sisters fate was almost unbearable and that time will forever leave a mark in my thoughts. The favorable experiences are not what made it memorable it was being terrified that something may have been wrong with my younger sister that made the everlasting impression. My outlook on the NICU has slowly changed from one of terror to one of passion. Not long ago I decided to pursue a career in nursing and specialize in the NICU. Specializing in NICU will give me the ability to relate with families on a personal basis. Although my thoughts on the NICU have transitioned, I know a close friend whose memories of the NICU will most likely haunt them forever. My close friend, Jenna, gave birth to a baby girl in 2006, and her baby was placed in the NICU hours after she was born. Jenna’s baby was born with a rare heart defect which needed many surgeries to repair...
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...etiologies of Alzheimer’s disease are not finally found out. There is a lot of data, testifying to the hereditary nature of the disease. However, there are the cases not caused by the hereditary predisposition, especially at later onset of the disease. Alzheimer’s disease can begin after the age of 50, but more often arises after 70 and especially after 80. Alzheimer’s disease is the disease connected with the destruction of brain cells and leading to a heavy frustration of memory, intelligence, other cognitive functions, and also to serious problems in emotional and behavioral spheres. “Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. It now afflicts nearly 4 million Americans. These numbers are expected to increase dramatically as the U.S. population ages. By the year 2050 approximately 14.5 million people will suffer from Alzheimer’s disease” (Handy: 1998) Alzheimer’s disease is insidious and develops gradually. It affects not old and full of strength people. The first signs of disease are memory and attention disorders. New information is perceived worse. A person becomes forgetful, absent-minded, current events are substituted by the revival of memoirs in the past. As a rule, early stages of the disease are marked by time orientation disorders. The representation about time sequence of events is broken. In other cases illness begins with changes in character of the...
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...Memory is the ability in which the mind can store and remember information in the brain. This essay will be discussing and reporting research in which memory errors have occurred. The types of memory errors being discussed in the essay will include the effect of schema on false memories, misinformation and false memories in general. It will also be discussing how memories can be planted into a person’s mind of something that actually never happened. Papers that will be used to demonstrate the use of false memories will come from; Loftus and Pickrell (1995), Strange, Sutherland and Garry (2007), and Zargonza and Mitchell (1996). The first study to support false memories comes from Loftus and Pickrell (1995), whose aim was to discover if false...
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...novel, Memory Man, has this ability. The book is about Mr. Decker trying to chase down a murderer that has killed countless amounts of people, including Decker’s own family. With his special ability, detective work for him is a natural skill. This journal will include character connecting, future events predicting, and idea evaluating. When I think of Amos Decker, the first thing that springs into my head is Sherlock Holmes. Decker is a somewhat less adroit character than the fictional...
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...MY PINK ESCAPE When the time comes around for my family to go to the Philippines for our reunions, I always get so agitated. My grandparent's pink house that still stands tall welcomes all of us with the gates wide open. Our other relatives come out of the house to greet us and covers us in hugs and kisses. When you walk inside the house, the smell of food fills the place and it always makes me hungry. I walk up the stairs to unpack my things and everywhere I look, there is always a memory stuck there. I can picture them vividly in my head and it will always put a smile on my face. I walk into the room where all the kids sleep and I see all my cousins laughing and talking. We stay there for hours with the air condition on just catching up on things we've missed and bonding. When we see the sun set and the calm breeze comes out, we all go outside to play and have some fun before the day is over. My grandparent's house is like a photo book to me. It's filled with stories, images, and moments that I can always look back to every time I'm there and when ever I get the chance. All the memories adding up an the old ones never being forgotten. As I leave the house, I remembered everything in a quick flashback and I get so excited for the time when I get to go back...
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...main plot lies the book’s main themes of depression, loss of memory, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The main point of this essay is the misinterpretation, treatment, and our thoughts toward individuals suffering from amnesia, trauma, and depression. The themes researched for the novel “We Were Liars” by E. Lockhart are depression, loss of memory, and PTSD. Information obtained after investigating these themes are,...
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...Memory is one of the most essential capacities of human being: it assumes the function of a storage room where man retains all the information achieved during his experiences. Nevertheless, memory is fragile to crumble and can give life to serious neurodegenerative mental problems with their consequent deficit, dementia, motor abnormalities, and behavioural disorders. Although in the 21st century, Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most widespread mental disorders of elderly people across the world, there is no existing and secure cure in order to defeat it. The first hints and signs of this disease goes back to 1907, when in German, the doctor Alois Alzheimer found himself in front of weird changes in the brain tissue of a 51-year-old woman....
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...(happiness, interest, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust). | | Reflexes decline. | Repeats chance behaviors leading to pleasurable and interesting results. | Establishes joint attention with caregiver, who labels objects and events. | Social smile and laughter emerge. | | Sleep organized into a day-night schedule. | Aware of object permanence and other object properties in habituation-dishabituation tasks. | | Matches adults emotional expressions during face-to-face interaction. | | Holds head up, rolls over, and reaches for object. | Attention becomes more efficient. | | Emotional expressions become better organized and clearly tied to social events. | | Can be classically and operantly conditioned. | Recognition memory for people, places, and objects improves. | | I-self emerges. | | Habituates to unchanging stimuli; dishabituates to novel stimuli. | Forms perceptual categories based on objects and similar features. | | | | Hearing well developed; by the end of this period, displays greater sensitivity to speech sounds of own language. | | | | | Depth and pattern perception emerge and improve. | | | | 7 -12 Months | Sits alone, crawls, and walks. | Combines sensorimotor schemes. | Babbling expands to include sounds of spoken languages and, by the end of this period, sounds of the childs language community. | Anger and fear increase in frequency and intensity. | | Shows refined pincer grasp. | Engages in intentional...
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