...Flora & Fauna Flora and fauna of India is very popular and very old on the world stage. India has most bio-diverse area reserved for the flora and fauna like as deserts, mountains, highlands, tropical and temperate forests, grassland, plains. One can explore here a very rich and glorious flora and fauna. The flora of the India has a wide range of the varieties from the coniferous to the ever green and from the hard, very tropical forests to the temperate woods. The flora and the fauna of India have its unique identification and pride gained from his past to the future. The deciduous trees and shrubs, bamboos, fern and grass can be found in the Himalayan foothills. Diversities can be found in the flora and fauna of the India due to its cultural and geographical variations. Due to its various climate aspects India has wide and lavish verities of the vegetation that can never be seen any other place in the world. Near about 15000 spices plants can be explored in India through western Himalayas to eastern Himalayas, Indus plain, Ganga plain and other sub-continents. The Western Himalayan biosphere is bouncy with Chirpine and other conifers deodar, silver fir, blue pine, spruce, and junipers and as well as eastern Himalayan region can be explored for the oaks, laurels, maples, rhododendrons, alder, and birch and dwarf willows. Evergreen forests with a plenty of bamboo and huge grasses in India can be visited in the Assam region. Most of the trees in India...
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...PHILIPPINE FLORA AND FAUNA Flora and fauna refer to plant and wildlife, respectively. The indigenous plant and wildlife of a geographical region is often referred to as that region’s flora and fauna. Both are collective terms, referring to groups of plant or wildlife specific to a region or a time period. For example, the flora and fauna of a warm region may consist of tropical to warm-temperate vegetation and exotic species of birds. By definition, flora is a word of Latin origin referring to Flora, the goddess of flowers. Flora can refer to a group of plants, a disquisition of a group of plants, as well as to bacteria. Flora is the root of the word floral, which means pertaining to flowers. Fauna can refer to the animal life or classification of animals of a certain region, time period, or environment. Fauna is also of Latin origin. In Roman Mythology Fauna was the sister of Faunus, a good spirit of the forest and plains. The flora and fauna of any given region is usually explained in biological terms to include the genus and species of plant and animal life, their preferred growing or breeding habits, and their connection to one another in the environment as well. In addition to geographical groupings, environment also helps further classifications of flora and fauna. For example, aquatic flora andfauna of a region refers to the plant and animal life found in the waters in or surrounding a geographic region. FLORA Garden Plants and Flowers By Johnamendall (see also Flowers...
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...But the Fauna in South Central in Texas are different then the Flora in Texas. The reason for that is there are so many distinct species in South and Central Texas, including birds, reptiles but my favorite are Armadillos. And roadrunners because that's what Texas is known for these animals everywhere in Texas. If you don’t know the difference of a Fauna and Flora is the definition of a Flora is rocks and flowers or just anything green about. Now Fauna here inside San Antonio Texas caverns is animals, fish, Mammals and reptiles even little snails and ants even butterflies. The Fauna inside the cavern is known for the world’s Largest “bat flight.” There are millions of bats living in the Natural Bridge Caverns in San Antonio, Texas. But, sadly...
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...HistoryThe earliest identifiably Thai kingdom was founded in Sukhothai in 1238, reaching its zenith under King Ramkhamhaeng in the 14th century before falling under the control of the kingdom of Ayutthaya, which ruled most of present-day Thailand and much of today's Laos and Cambodia as well, eventually also absorbing thenorthern kingdom of Lanna. Ayutthaya was sacked in 1767 by the Burmese, but King Taksin regrouped and founded a new capital at Thonburi. His successor, General Chakri, moved across the river to Bangkok and became King Rama I, the founding father of the Chakri dynasty that rules (constitutionally) to this day. There is evidence of human habitation in Thailand that has been dated at 40,000 years before the present. Similar to other regions in Southeast Asia, Thailand was heavily influenced by the culture and religions of India, starting with the Kingdom of Funan around the 1st century CE to the Khmer Empire.[18]Since the political reform of the absolute monarchy in 1932, Thailand has had 17 constitutions and charters.[24][25] Throughout this time, the form of government has ranged from military dictatorship to electoral democracy, but all governments have acknowledged a hereditary monarch as the head of state. Geography Totalling 513,120 square kilometres (198,120 sq mi),[1] Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country by total area. It is slightly smaller than Yemen and slightly larger than Spain. Satellite image of flooding in Thailand in October 2011.Thailand...
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...Ecosystem of the Mojave Desert Bio/101 March 5, 2012 Ecosystem of the Mojave Desert The Mojave Desert is 54,000 square miles of its own special brand of diversity; it is one desert - rather than a series of separate entities. By becoming aware of the combined identity, appreciation and better understanding of the issues that affect the Mojave Desert can occur on a holistic level. Generally, at the edges of the Mojave are areas where dominant plant and animal species change from one to another and both, to various degrees may be possibly found on the fringes of the other. The Mojave Desert ecosystem evolves from plants and animals which are resources within each other. Adaption to the rough temperatures and little water, these ecosystems finds many ways to survive. This ecosystem plays host to a wide variety of plants and animals living in an environment that humans may think are harsh conditions. Many animals get their energy by eating plants, but desert plants give up the fruit of their production very reluctantly. Sharp spines, such as a cactus, discourage plant-eaters. The Mule deer avoids these obstacles by eating seeds, although safe to eat, they can be hard to find. Many are small and look like grains of sand. The plant's solar energy flows through the ecosystem as Mule deer, and other herbivores like jackrabbits, fall prey to carnivores like great horned owls, coyotes, bobcats, or snakes (Townsend, Harper & Begon, 2000). Survival in the desert cannot occur...
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...Discuss a solution to the problem of protecting endangered species of flora and fauna Florae purify our environment by performing photosynthesis, and faunae create diversity of our ecosystem. Altogether, they play a significant role in providing us a safe and sound place to live. Unfortunately, in recent years, many endangered species of plants and wildlife are gradually becoming extinct. Without these plants and wildlife, we global citizens will eventually perish. How can we help protect these precious flora and fauna? The solution to the problem lies in governments' measures of building greenhouse and imposing heavy fines for illegal hunting. We always take the diversity of flora and fauna for granted and never appreciate this gift mother nature offers. However, we must immediately change our indifferent attitude towards the conservation of flora and fauna to a positive, responsible one. Governments must allocate budgets on building greenhouses and training botanists, so the endangered species of plants will receive extra care. For instance, the seed conservation research centre established by a group of English botanists work on preserving any kind of seeds and duplicate their genes, so any kind of plants on earth will not be facing extinction. Besides following the steps of these English botanists, governments must also raise the public's awareness of preservation of endangered plants. For example, governments should design advertisements that encourage public...
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...Climate Change Climate change is a long-term alteration in the statistical distribution of weather pattern over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. The world is currently experiencing drastic change in temperature. This change can be felt in the tropical climate areas where the weather is getting hotter and hotter every day. The change in global temperatures and precipitation over time is due to natural variability or to human activity. It is also caused by accumulation of greenhouse effects (Arrhenius, 1896). Should we as humans let this problem worsen? Climate change will affect everything including humans, flora and fauna, and the environment. One of the effects of climate change is how it will affect the people. Climate change will have a huge impact on the people’s health. The health of the people will be affected mostly by air pollution and respiratory problems will have the greatest risk of health effects. Increases in moulds and pollens due to warmer temperatures could also cause respiratory problems such as asthma for some people. Should the effects of climate change get any worse than what it is now, people around the world will have to face some serious problems. Food security will be affected and thus diseases can easily get transmitted. Food or waterborne diseases are acquired through eating or drinking. For example, Hepatitis A is a viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver. It can be spread through consumption of food or water...
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...Hinduism is the majority religion with 80.5% of the population of India. Islam (13.4%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.9%),Buddhism (0.8%) and Jainism (0.4%) are the other minor religions followed by the people of India. This diversity of religious belief systems existing in India today is a result of, besides existence and birth of native religions, assimilation and social integration of religions brought to the region by traders, travelers, immigrants, and even invaders and conquerors. official name | Bharat (Hindi); Republic of India (English) | Capital | New Delhi | Official languages | Hindi; English | Official religion | none | Monetary unit | Indian rupee (Re, plural Rs3) | | | India is home to several well known large mammals including the Asian Elephant, Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion, Leopard and Indian Rhinoceros. Some of these animals are engrained in culture, often being associated with deities. These large mammals are important for wildlife tourism in India and several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries cater to these needs. The popularity of these charismatic animals have helped greatly in conservation efforts in India. The tiger has been particularly important and Project Tiger started in 1972 was a major effort to conserve the tiger and its habitats.[8] Project Elephant, though less known, started in 1992 and works for elephant protection.[9] Most of India's rhinos today survive in the Kaziranga National Park. Other well-known large Indian mammals...
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...“Biological Diversity” means the (a) variability among living organisms from all sources including, among others, terrestrial, sea and other fresh water ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part; it includes diversity within species between species, and of ecosystems. Literal meaning of biodiversity is the (b) diversity of all life forms on earth. This includes the various races and species of all micro-organisms, plants, and animals that live on earth, including their genetic differences. Bangladesh is a (c ) transitional zone of flora and fauna, because of its geographical settings and climatic characteristics. There are many rivers and streams existing in the country covering a length of 22,155 km. In addition to the regular inland waters, seasonally a large part of the country remains (d) submerged for 3-4 months during monsoon. This country is rich in fish and aquatic (e) resources, and other biodiversity. Bangladesh’s inland water bodies are known to be the (f) habitat of 266 species of indigenous fish, 13 exotic fish, 56 prawns, about 26 freshwater molluscs, and 150 birds. The marine water bodies (200 nautical miles along the seashore) are also (g) remarkable for being habitat of 442 species of fish. There are at least 36 species of marine shrimps. About 336 species of molluscs, covering 151 genera have been identified from the Bay of Bengal. In addition, several species of crabs, and 31 species of turtles and tortoises, of which 24 live in freshwater...
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...Ridge Park, opened in 1954 as a public park, is designed to adapt to the natural vegetation and topography of the site (“Kent Ridge Park Visitor Info, 2013). As such, it is largely undisturbed and is habitat to a large variety of flora and fauna. Such abundance allows for the study of the many different types of vegetation found in the walk, both native and exotic, and the inter-dependent interactions between the flora and fauna that are required for the continuity of the web of life. Besides being an important natural site in Singapore, what makes it even more unique is that it holds a significant position in Singapore’s natural heritage as the location where the battle for Pasir Panjang took place. (H.T.W. Tan et al.). The walk also enlightened me about how human actions affect the vegetation of a forest, as I realised the changes Kent Ridge forest had undergone due to man’s actions. Kent Ridge was originally a lowland evergreen rainforest, specifically a coastal hill dipterocarp forest. (H.T.W. Tan et al.). Such forests were the most common in areas with year-long moisture and well-drained soils, as found in Singapore. (R.J Morley). Such forests are dense, and lack ground plant growth. They also have a higher diversity of flora and fauna as compared to other forest types. Due to clearance of the forest by man for the cultivation of rubber, pepper and pineapple crops in the past, the forest had lost its original vegetation. Other kinds of vegetation then grew in the ground that...
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...reason for this was the organisms that inhabited them were not frequent in the fossil record, however trace fossils (burrows) are. As more cold-seep fossils are discovered the invertebrate record is growing with species that have hard shells. Often cold seeps were mistaken for hydrocarbon vents, but as technology and methods advanced scientists were able to perform better tests. The oldest cold seep discovered in the fossil record only dates back to 635 million years! Cold seeps are being identified more often, whether it is by finding the localities on purpose or by accident (off-shore drilling). Four ways of distinguishing whether a locality is a fossilized cold seep when the fauna are not similar to those found in modern cold seeps are: the geographical location, the chemosynthetic symbiosis, the fauna, and the chemical isotope signature. Geographical Locations At first cold seeps were found when companies were looking for sites for offshore drilling, but now they are becoming more common and easier for scientists to locate. This is because cold seeps are generally found near past and present active boundaries. These boundaries include oceanic ridges, subduction zones, highly faulted areas, active and passive margins. Some believe cold seeps are generally found on tectonically active marine basins, but cold seeps can be found anywhere there is a pressure gradient (Campbell and Bottjer, 1995, Levin, 2005). Cold seeps are formed when methane, or other chemicals, is seeped from...
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...refer to as natural gas. In addition to being an important energy source for humans, methane also forms the basis of a cold seep ecosystem. Cold seep biota below 200 m typically exhibit much greater systematic specialization and reliance on chemoautotrophy than those from shelf depths. Deep-sea seeps sediments are highly heterogeneous. They sustain different geochemical and microbial processes that are reflected in a complex mosaic of habitats inhabited by a mixture of specialist (heterotrophic and symbiotic-associated) and background fauna. During the initial stage, when methane is relatively abundant, dense mussel beds also form near the cold seep. Mostly composed of species in the genus Bathymodiolus, these mussels do not directly consume food. Instead, they are nourished by symbiotic bacteria that also produce energy from methane, similar to their relatives that form mats. Chemosynthetic bivalves are prominent constituents of the fauna of cold seeps and are represented in that setting by five families: Solemyidae, Lucinidae, Vesicomyidae, Thyasiridae and Mytilidae. This microbial activity produces calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is deposited on the seafloor and forms a layer of rock. During a...
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...Since the European invasion of Australia in 1788, there have been many severe and devastating impacts on Indigenous people. First came the arrival of strangers who carried new diseases and involvement in violent conflict, which resulted in the death of a vast number of Aboriginal people. This colonisation also brought a lot of destruction to the native flora and fauna as they were building new houses and settlements on the sacred land of the aboriginal people, as well as many new introduced species to the australian environment. The impact of the white settlers changed the indigenous communities and the lives of the future generations forever. When settlers arrived in Australia they brought with them a number of European diseases so when contact was made with the aboriginals their immune system was unfamiliar to these diseases so their population decreased rapidly. The major cause of many of these diseases was when the convicts and settlers were ship transported this making it spread easily and due to the lack of education and knowledge of how the diseases are treated the aborigines had no way to cure their symptoms this then leading to death among tribes. when the europeans came to australia the main objective of the colonisation was to clear the lands of Aboriginal people to enable development of the land. Poisoned flour was distributed to Aboriginal people, and introduced diseases such as measles, chickenpox and influenza which had dramatic effects on people who did not...
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...First arising during the industrial revolution, the movement of populations en masse to cities and urban areas with improved transport, enabled large numbers of people to leave their cities for recreation in rural, mountainous or seaside areas. It can be said that the environment of places has contributed to the birth and progress of tourism (Mathieson and Wall 86, p94). Ecotourism more than any other form of tourism depends on the environment of a destination. Of course the growth of all forms of tourism leads to modifications of the environment. Ecotourism strives to keep these modifications to a minimum. In order to do this it is important to take account of these modifications and assess what their impacts on the environment are. There are several difficulties involved in assessing the impacts of tourism on the environment. Andrew Holden in Environment and Tourism tells us there can be difficulties in establishing a base level against which to measure changes; difficulties in separating human-induced | ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | | | | | | | | | | | | Bottom of Form | | | | | | | | | | | Eco or Not? .... What will be the environmental impacts of ecotourism if the activity is not successful in bringing about development in communities? .... (435 2 ) | | | | Ecotourism .... natural areas that fosters environmental and cultural .... However, in practice, its...
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...1.0 Introduction Aim The aim of this report is to decide whether an Eco Tourist Resort or a Water Park should be built on the banks of lake Doonella which is currently part of the Doonella Nature Reserve. The Sunshine Coast Tourism Association believe that it would be a better location for the Water Park, whereas some local developers view the area as a great opportunity to give the tourists a nature enriching holiday experience. But there are many things to consider, we must consider the flora and fauna of the environment that live in lake Doonella, the economical impact and the social factors on the shire. Background information A catchment is the land from which rainwater drains to a river where some water remains underground and slowly feeds the river between rainfall events. There is an abundance of catchments in the Noosa shire consisting of Teewah Creek , Upper Noosa River, Kin Kin Creek, Lake Cootharaba, Lake Cooroibah, Lower Noosa River and Lake Wayba. The Noosa River catchment and estuaries are both healthy with an A- rating, this is good because it gives the wildlife a healthier ecosystem. Lake Doonella is located in Tewantin and is somewhat isolated from the river by the Doonella Bridge. Doonella Lake is an important part of the Noosa ecosystem because it’s...
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