...bitter leaf Bitter leaf, scent leaf extract protects diabetics from heart, testicular damage Thursday, 19 July 2012 00:00 CHUKWUMA MUANYA Features - Natural Health Top of Form Bottom of Form [pic] Can increasing the intake of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) protect Nigerians from complications of diabetes? CHUKWUMA MUANYA writes. DIABETES is an age long, serious metabolic disorder with complications that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) during diabetes has been shown to cause glycation of body protein, which in turn leads to secondary complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves and arteries. These complications may be delayed, lessened or prevented by maintaining blood glucose levels close to normal. Several studies have indicated that cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in modern societies, among the numerous complications of diabetes. Long standing diabetes has been documented to cause structural and functional cardiac impairment, which was found to lead to ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Previous studies have also shown that diabetics have significantly reduced testicular weights and tubule diameters. The changes in seminiferous tubules ranged from premature sloughing of epithelium to total cessation of spermatogenesis. But recent studies suggest that a combination of bitter leaf (Vernonia...
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...Conflict and Change Harvard Case Study Professor: Robert Lazer PhD Team: Zerrin Hejazi, Mark Klabonski, Elizabeth Lamb, Hari Thenneti Pandurangamoorthi, & Hareshkumar Surani The History of Merck U.S. sales office opened in and George Merck, Heinrich’s grandson, was appointed head of the U.S. branch Friedrich Jacob Merck opened Merck in Germany 1668 1827 Heinrich E Merck transformed the business and Merck began manufacturing 1887 Merck merged with Philadelphia pharmacy Sharp & Dohme 1891 The renamed company Merck & Co. opens for business 1953 2009 Merck merged with ScheringPlough Corporation and Organon BioSciences Pharmaceutical Industry • The average drug development time is over fifteen years with an average R&D expenditure of $800 million. • The FDA requires three phases of testing to assess safety and effectiveness. o Test results dictate what is displayed on the drug’s label and how the doctor will prescribe it. • Follow-up studies (Phase 5) can be performed to assess the drug after market release (Phase 4) and amend the drug label for improved sales. Pharmaceutical Success • 1981 to 2001, Merck experienced an upward trend on several industry metrics. • Their Return on Sales (ROS) for their Human Pharma line peaked at just over 40% in 2001 with an average of 24% . • The early 1990’s exhibited a downward trend just prior to Gilmartin assuming the role of CEO. Pharmaceutical Success ...
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...----------------------- Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective airway clearance R/T increased pulmonary secretions AEB Patient has thick purulent sputum and crackles noted upon ascultation Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for infection R/T tenacious secretions and altered body defenses Medical Management: IV antibiotic treatment with Ceftazidime, CPT, and observation Medical Diagnosis: Cystic Fibrosis Signs & Symptoms: Color pale pink with bluish tinged nail beds. Patient Hx: Patient Initials: J.R. 10 year old white male. No previous injuries, has a history of CF Goal: Client will be able to remove secretions from the airway w/i 10 minutes Goal: Client will remain free of infections during my shift Goal: Client’s nutritional status will improve, and the client will exhibit normal growth within 1 week Nursing Interventions 1) The child should take deep breath and then exhale rapidly while whispering the word huff (forcing expiration) 2) Perform CPT 2 or 3 x’s a day and as needed. Determine child’s respiratory status before and after CPT. 3) Administer ordered bronchodilators or mucolytics in conjunction with any other treatments 4) Elevate head of bed, or support child in an upright position and stay with child during coughing episodes. Nursing Interventions 1) Monitor the child for s/s of respiratory infection (fever, chills, increased respirations, dyspnea, purulent secretions) 2) Advise the family to avoid exposing...
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... Hispanic/Latino, Native American, or Asian/Pacific Islander descent. WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OR SYMPTOMS? Most women do not notice symptoms of gestational diabetes because the symptoms are similar to the normal symptoms of pregnancy. Symptoms of gestational diabetes may include: • Increased thirst (polydipsia). • Increased urination (polyuria). • Increased hunger (polyphagia). HOW IS THIS DIAGNOSED? If you have risk factors, you may be screened for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes at your first health care visit during your pregnancy (prenatal visit). This condition may be diagnosed based on your blood glucose level. Your blood glucose level may be checked with one or more of the following blood tests: • A fasting blood glucose test (FBG). You will not be allowed to eat (you will fast) for at least 8 hours before a blood sample is taken. You will be able to drink water while you fast. • A random blood glucose test. This test checks your blood glucose at any time of the day regardless of when you ate. • An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This is usually done during weeks 24–28 of pregnancy. • For this test, you will have a fasting blood glucose test done. Then, you will drink a beverage that contains glucose, and your blood glucose level will be tested again 1 hour after you drink the glucose beverage (1-hour OGTT). • If the result of the 1-hour OGTT is at or above 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), you will need to repeat the OGTT. This time, you will wait 3 hours after drinking...
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...| How To Test For Type 1 Diabetes | | | Karen Griffin | HS 200-02 | Unit 6 Capstone Project- Type 1 Diabetes Kaplan University 4/8/2013 | The testing for type 1 diabetes can be problematic even for the most experienced physician. There usually is not a reason to test for it unless there is some sort of family history, when testing is necessary there are normally 3 different tests that will be used to determine if it truly is type 1 diabetes. One of the first tests administered is the Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) with this test a blood sample is drawn after the patient has fasted for at least 8 hours, meaning no food or drinks except water. If the test results show a glucose reading of 126 mg/dl or higher the patient has diabetes a normal reading is between 70-110 mg/dl. Random Blood Glucose (RBG) is another form and fasting is not required it is used especially in an emergency situation when they need to determine sugar levels for the patient (most often children) as quickly as possible so if needed they can administer insulin so the patient does not go into a diabetic coma. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT) is another diagnostic test it differs from the other two because you have to drink a sugary beverage to measure how your pancreas can manage the glucose you take in...
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...controls (p < 0.01 for both groups). 3.4 RESEARCH STUDIES ON YOGA AND TYPE 2 DIABETES A randomised control trial in which, integrated approach of Yoga Therapy (IAYT) reducing blood glucose, HbAlc, Triglyceride &, total cholesterol and VLDL. Yoga is better than exercise in decreasing oral hypoglycaemic medication requirement and LDL; and increasing HDL in type 2 diabetics. There are significant benefits of yoga pranayama practices on metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes. , Yoga showed the benefits in glycaemic control by improving sensitivity of the target tissues, decreasing Insulin Resistance and consequently, increasing peripheral utilization of glucose . Most of the RCT studies have taken FBG, PPBG and HbA1C as primary outcome and lipid profile, BMI, Oxidative stress parameters, psychological variables as secondary outcome. Number of the subject also varied based on the outcome variables. Most of the studies shown significant change in all parameters but two studies one exploratory and another systemic review opines no significant results after Yoga practice. Aljasir also gives suggestion that there is a need of large RCT to determine the result of Yoga therapy in DM2 as there was Publication bias, Inclusion bias, Short term benefit in many studies. Recent study on feasibility of large a phase IV cluster randomised clinical trial for prevention of DM2 and high risk complication also showed good results. Table 9: Studies on...
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...recent inferior myocardial infarction (MI) and a heart catheterization revealing 3-vessel disease: in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, a proximal 60% lesion; in the right coronary artery (RCA), proximal 100% occlusion with thrombus; and a circumflex with 40% to 60% diffuse ectatic lesions. A stent was deployed to the RCA and reduced the lesion to 0% residual stenosis. He has had no need for nitroglycerin (NTG). Six weeks after his MI and stent deployment, he had a fasting advanced lipid profile. The results were total cholesterol 188 mg/dl, HDL 34 mg/dl, triglycerides 176 mg/dl, LDL 98 mg/dl, pattern B LDL typing at 19 nm, homocysteine 18 mg/dl, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS CRP) 12 mg/dl, fasting blood glucose (FBG) 101 mg/dl, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.04 mg/dl. Total Cholesterol 60 34 Triglycerides 45-155 176 LDL 5% and greater than placebo) of niacin are flushing, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased cough, and pruritus. Flushing (warmth, redness, itching, and/or tingling of the skin) may vary in severity and is more likely to occur with initiation of therapy or during dose increases. Advise patients of the symptoms of flushing and how they differ from the symptoms of an MI. The most common side effects of the statins are gastrointestinal -- nausea, gas, upset stomach. Less common are headache, dizziness, rash, and sleep disturbances. 8. Elevated homocysteine can be a factor in what type of vascular complication? ...
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...Reference: http://www.rcgp.org.uk/default.aspx?page=4134 Medical Abbreviations (Radiography Relevant items highlighted in yellow) |Abbreviation |Translation |Further Information | |0 |Not Present OR No abnormality |Also in superscript e.g. ……..o | |+/- |Uncertain/equivocal | | |+ |Present or Noted | | |++ |Present Significantly | | |+++ |Present in Excess | | |= |Equivalent to | | |3 |OK or satisfactory | | |A |Ankle Jerk/Reflex |Hitting the ankle with a patella hammer to | | | |test reflexes | |AAA |Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm |Swelling of the main artery in the abdomen | |AAL |Anterior Axillary Line |Imaginary...
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...In January 2008, Department of Telecommunications issued 120 new licences for unified access services on the same day. These licences were issued at price which had been discovered in 2001. Issuance of 120 licences in just one day and at a price discovered in 2001 has drawn the attention of Media, Parliament and informed members of the civil society. Questions have been raised regarding the transparency in the allocation process and the failure in maximization of revenue generation from the allocation of spectrum, which is a national asset. This department had been receiving innumerable references from Members of Parliament and other sources repeatedly, questioning the allocation process and the price fixed for such allocation. The claim in each such reference is that ineligible applicants seem to have been granted licences and at a price which appeared far below what has been perceived to be the appropriate market price in 2008. It was in this context that this department felt that there was a sufficient justification to review the entire process of issuance of licences, award of spectrum and the implementation of the UAS regime. The need for doing so was further justified as six years have passed since the introduction of the UAS regime in 2003. While accepting the Government's prerogative to formulate the policy of UASL, it was felt that an in-depth examination of implementation of such policy needed to be done. (i) Gaps in policy implementation In August 2003 TRAI had submitted...
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...Annotated Bibliography Mitry, D. J. (2008, November). Using Cultural Diversity in Teaching Economics: Global Business Implications. Retrieved February 3, 2016,, from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/232977843?pq-origsite=summon The purpose of this article was to discuss the concerns how globalization have allegations for education globalization an how accumulating cross-cultural interactivity have implications for education in general which may present valuable academic opportunities in the practice of teaching economics for business students. The author defines a method for using cultural diversity measures in teaching economic principles courses, experiments were performed to test the impact of a teaching approach that explicitly includes cultural diversity measurements in a classroom discussion and statically tested student learning outcomes using this type of approach. In order for students to obtain profitable skills they need to be able to physically apply basic economic models to an casual observation. Further research reveals students economics test are lower than any other subject, except science. Today students need to learn how to synthesize economics with other business tools in the global context. Other disciplines associated with the functional areas of business has avidly incorporating implications of globalization for teaching. Chang, S. J. (2010, February). When East and West Meet: An Essay on the Importance of Cultural Understanding...
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...cholesterol, triglycerides, FFA, platelet adhesiveness, and increased HDL-C significantly”. In a clinical trial, administration of ginseng extract led to reduction of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C, and induction of HDL that additionally has health benefits to combat coronary artery disease. These positive effects were accredited to the potent antioxidant effect of ginseng. The mechanism, according to the article, still remains largely unknown and more studies need to be conducted to attain further knowledge. Berberine was also shown to help moderate weight gain, heighten insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose in both types of animals tested (dietary and genetic animal models with type II diabetes). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was decreased and insulin reception was improved significantly by berberine in rats with type II diabetes. These were the subjects on high-fat diets and lower doses of streptozotocin (STZ). In obese and diabetic mice, body weight was reduced and glucose tolerance was improved by berberine. The compound also was found to restore the pancreas damaged by alloxan in Wistar rats. More recently, berberine was even demonstrated to reduce cholesterol. Two clinical trials demonstrated that berberine was able to decrease triglycerides by thirty-five and twenty-two percent. It reduced serum cholesterol by twenty-nine and sixteen percent. In patients with dyslipidemia Low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C- the unhealthy type of cholesterol) was reduced...
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...Analyzing knowledge for practice Chapter 1: Introduction Nowadays, there is an increasing attention being given towards non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension from all over the world as well as in Malaysia. In health clinics and hospitals, we are seeing increasing number of patients who are diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes is a phenomenon which is becoming more common but there is a plenty ways which could be done to reduce the severity of any complications from this disease. Generally, there are three main types of diabetes. It includes Type 1 diabetes (juvenile diabetes), Type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes (during pregnancy). Type 1 diabetes (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) should consume insulin daily in order to survive. Meanwhile, type 2 diabetes (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) is the most common type of diabetes. Whereas, gestational diabetes is another type of diabetes where there is a high blood sugar level which is diagnosed during pregnancy. Diabetes Mellitus which is a well-known chronic illness requires a comprehensive of medical care by the expertise team. The risk of long term complications needs full support from various professionals to conduct diabetes care. Acute complications can be prevented via ongoing patient self-management education and awareness of illness. Patient self-management education and problem solving skills development are necessary to be provided in diabetic clinic plan through a variety...
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...Chapter I The Problem and its Background Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease that can cause heart disease and stroke. It can also lead to defects like blindness. Because of its horrifying effects on human health, the researchers planned to conduct a study using makopa, a native Philippine fruit, to be a component of a natural medicine for diabetes. Makopa (Syzygium samarangense) leaves have been found to have antihyperglycemic properties. The researchers thought of another way to produce the same result by using the fruit instead of the leaves. The fruit was put into a food processor, to separate the liquid extract and from the pulp. The retrieved extract was filtered using cheesecloth to remove impurities. The pure extract was put into a vial. The pulp of the fruit was sun dried, powdered using a blender. The resulting powder was combined with the pure extract. The extract from the pulp was the tea that can be orally taken by the mice through regulated feeding. Having produced two products, the researchers were able to come up with a pure makopa extract, and be able to apply current discoveries and studies to produce a medicinal product from makopa. Background of the Study The study was conducted to prevent and cure diabetes through makopa. Also, the study was driven by the medical history of diabetes in the families of two out of three researchers. Because of diabetes’ horrifying effects on human health and it is continuous effect on a larger population...
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...Review of Warehouse Receipt System and Inventory Credit Initiatives in Eastern & Southern Africa Final report commissioned by UNCTAD under the All ACP Agricultural Commodities Programme (AAACP) *The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations September 2009 CONTENTS CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .....................................................................................................................iii GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. iv GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. iv SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Observations on the different approaches ......................................................................... 1 Policy conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................ 3 Specific proposals .....................................................................
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