...The dictatorship consists of leaders called “World Controllers” who are in charge of making sure every individual is happy and that the society is stable. Everyone in the society worships and references to an individual who started the birthplace of their civilization, who is named Ford. “You all remember, I suppose, that beautiful and inspired saying of Our Ford’s: ‘History is bunk, History is bunk.’” (Huxley 34). This quote explains that the history before the time of the man Ford, is to be thrown out and forgotten. “His fordship Mustapha Mond” (Huxley 34). Both of these quotes indirectly reference the worshipment of Ford in the story, who is viewed as a god. The character of Ford in the book, is most likely inspired by Henry Ford of our society during...
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...The novel A Brave New World by Aldous Huxley was a story written about society that was thought to be a utopia, but in actuality this twisted world was anything from perfect. The society Huxley portrayed in his novel was in some ways a Marxists dream and in other ways a Marxists worst nightmare. Aldous Huxley did a brilliant job connecting with the Marxist point of view while also embodying numerous fears of Marxists in his critically acclaimed book A Brave New World. Marxists believed in a totalitarian government somewhat like a dictatorship. The government in Huxley’s novel used tactics such as adolescent brainwashing, drug administration, and the use of technology to keep total control of the public population. Much like Marxist societies the society in Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World chose to alienate their young instead of nurture them like a normal world. Children in this novel were alienated at an early age, they were also trained to hate nature and music or anything that promoted any type of free will. Children were not raised by a mother and father because in the World State there was no such thing as marriage or even love. In Marxist cultures children were separated from their parents and taught to formulate their view of the world based on only Marxist teachings rather than “outdated” views. In a Marxist society the upbringing of children was not handled by parents but rather by the entire community so there were such things as family bonds in Marxism. Marxist...
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...We like to think that we live in a time where new things are being created and that they are original, but nothing is ever new, usually things have a never ending cycle and they repeat time and time again, this idea is synonymous with the word reincarnation meaning rebirth or a new version of something from the past. Therefore, we never get rid of the issues that are still present currently. Racism, prejudice, stereotyping, microagressions, and objectifications are issues that are still current today, the only difference is that we have the technology to create dialogue, content, and trends that can connect us to one another via the world wide web leaving us to comment and share our opinions with each other. In the past, conversations about racism and prejudice were kept under the table and not dealt with and people of color suffered in America having to go without basic human rights, opposite of their white counterpart....
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...Peter the Great Reforms Russia: A DECREE ON A NEW CALENDAR, DECEMBER 20, 1699, ed., Peter Stearns, et al., Documents in World History, Volume II. The Modern Centuries: from 1500 to the Present (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 32-33. New Calendar from Polnoe Sobranie Zakonov Russkoi Imperii (Complete Collection of the Laws of the Russian Empire), 1st series, Vol. 3, No. 1736, pp. 681-82. Peter the Great Reforms Russia: DECREES ON THE DUTIES OF THE SENATE, ed., Peter Stearns, et al., Documents in World History, Volume II. The Modern Centuries: from 1500 to the Present (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 33. Duties of the Senate from Polnoe Sobranie, Vol. 4, No. 2321, p. 627 and No. 2330, p. 643. Peter the Great Reforms Russia: DECREES ON CONPULSORY EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN NOBILITY, JANUARY 12, AND FEBRUARY 28, 1714, ed., Peter Stearns, et al., Documents in World History, Volume II. The Modern Centuries: from 1500 to the Present (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 33-34. Compulsory Education from Polnoe Sobranie, Vol. 5, No. 2762, p. 78 and No. 2778, p. 86. Lenin and the Russian Revolution: OUR PROGRAMME (1899), ed., Peter Stearns, et al., Documents in World History, Volume II. The Modern Centuries: from 1500 to the Present (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 123. V.I. Lenin, Selected Works (New York: International Publishers, 1971), p.33. Lenin and the Russian Revolution: PROCLAIMING THE NEW SOVIET GOVERNMENT (NOVEMBER 1917), ed., Peter Stearns, et al., Documents in World...
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...“Why Study Ancient World” History throughout the world has given us the ability to the look into the future. The study of history may not be the most exhilarating, exciting, or entertaining. However, it is by far the most important. Many say “history repeats itself.” Others say “history is a precursor to the future.” However you want to word it, it doesn’t matter, all that matters is that through the study of history we can see mistakes people around the world have made in the past and learn from them so when the time arises for us to step up we will have the knowledge to know what to do. Also history can teach us how to except one another. When we learn about others cultures pasts we can see why they are the way they are and why they believe the way they believe. Lacking the study of “Ancient World History” one can easily assume that Muslims, Jews, and Christians a totally different people with different Gods; Allah, Jehovah, and God, respectively. In reality, through the study of “Ancient World History” this same person’s eyes can be opened, and thoughts broadened when they find out that Muslims, Jews, and Christians, worship the same God with different names; Allah, meaning total submission to God, and Jehovah meaning the exact same thing as God. Now with this new information this person has received, he can appreciate both religions for what they are and not come to an immediate assumption. “Ancient World History” specifically, is a type of history...
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...The change in János Kádárs dictatorship [pic] Research Question: Why did János Kádárs dictatorship change in 1963? Table of Contents 1. Introduction..............................................................................................3 2. János Kádár before the revolution in 1956...............................................4 3. János Kádár during the revolution in 1956............................................6 4. Hungarys situation from 1956 to 1963....................................................7 a. External effects............................................................................7 b. Internal effects...............................................................................8 i. Economy............................................................................8 ii. Politics................................................................................10 5. Conclusion..........................................................................................13 6. Bibliography.......................................................................................15 7. Appendix............................................................................................16 Why did János Kádárs dictatorship change in 1963? János Kádár was one of the most significant single-party state rulers in the Eastern-bloc of the USSR in the second half of the twentieth century. He was the premier...
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...SOC300036VAO16*1114*001 Sociology of Developing Countries Instructor: Professor CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance received in its presentation is acknowledged and disclosed in the paper (at the end). I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared specifically for this course and has not been used for another course (and will not be) either in whole or substantial part. NAME AND DATE: Abstract Interethnic conflict in developing countries can cause many problems that can be very hard to solve. When countries have harsh dictatorships or communism the ethnic conflicts with its people can be squelched to a certain extent. As the country breaks free and heads towards democracy ethnic issues can stun or stop democratic growth. In other cases countries that have never experienced constant leadership and a solid form of government tend to have on again off again ethnic and civil unrest. In this paper we will examine the relevance of problems of multi-racial or multi-cultural political and social relations in the areas of Sri Lanka and Rwanda. These two areas have a long history of civil unrest, shoddy government, and ethnic conflict. Although these are some of the cornerstone issues that have contributed to some horrific atrocities in both of these countries, we can also...
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...A Review of Acemoglu and Robinson’s Why Nations Fail by Michele Boldrin, David K. Levine and Salvatore Modica Acemoglu and Robinson’s Why Nations Fail [2012] is a grand history in the style of Diamond [1997] or McNeil [1963]. Like those books, this book is exceptionally fun to read and full of interesting historical examples and provocative ideas. The basic theme of the book is that what matters most in why some nations fail – and others succeed, for the book is as much about success as failure – are not – as earlier authors have argued - economic policies, geography, culture, or value systems – but rather institutions, more precisely the political institutions that determine economic institutions. Acemoglu and Robinson theorize that political institutions can be divided into two kinds - “extractive” institutions in which a “small” group of individuals do their best to exploit - in the sense of Marx - the rest of the population, and “inclusive” institutions in which “many” people are included in the process of governing hence the exploitation process is either attenuated or absent. Needless to say Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory is more subtle than this simple summary. They argue that for any economic success political institutions must be sufficiently centralized to provide basic public services including justice, the enforcement of contracts, and education. Given that these functions are carried out, inclusive institutions enable innovative energies to emerge and lead to continuing...
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...Historical View on Terrorism and Terrorist Ideologies Terrorism is a unique and frightening form of violence. Terrorism does not care if it is a time of peace, conflict, or war. One can never escape the threat of terrorism and it will most assuredly happen when one least expects it. A terrorist act is committed to bring down a great deal more than just a few buildings. Terrorists have what they believe with all their hearts to be a purpose behind their actions. Quite often there is such a deep rooted hatred imbedded into their souls that they feel they must act against the evils that haunt their lives (U.S. Army, 2000). The Department of Defense defines of terrorism as "the calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological" (U.S. Army, 2000). To put it into more simplistic and understandable terms, terrorism is committed for generally three main reasons: 1. Terrorist are against multi-party governments such as in the United States. 2. Terrorists are against specific religious groups. 3. Terrorists are against a person of a specific race. Terrorists come in every shape and size and terrorism is a tactic that may be used by any philosophy or by people with no philosophy at all, only objection. To assume there is a terrorist handbook that a person can buy to take them step by step through the process of...
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...Introduction Understanding of the economic growth process and it connection to institutions is highly important for explaining why certain countries are less developed than the other ones. Economic growth is defined as “An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one period of time to another. Economic growth can be measured in nominal terms, which include inflation, or in real terms, which are adjusted for inflation. For comparing one country's economic growth to another, GDP or GNP per capita should be used as these take into account population differences between countries. (http://www.investopedia.com/). The role of institutions in economic growth was first proposed in writings of Adam Smith in 1776. Later in 1993 Douglass North received a Nobel Prize for his work on connection between institutions and economic growth. By studying history, analyzing data and statistics we can see that high quality institution have positive effect on economic growth and therefore on income in a long and short runs. In order to prove it we are going to find out what economic institutions are, why they are matte, what are the reasons behind different institutions in different countries and finally support it with historical facts. 1 Links between economic growth and economic institution What are institutions? The term “Economic institutions” can be defined in mach different way and have multiple meanings. On the one hand North (1990, p...
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...destroyed by a great war. Then there is another war, the Nine Years War, which begins the era of Ford, ensuring stability through dictatorship. The society in Brave new world is based on a strict caste system. The highest of the five castes enjoy easier and better tasks, while the lower ones perform unskilled and all the dirty jobs. Ten Controllers hold all the power in this new world and peace is maintained by training infant minds and by dulling down adults with the tranquilizer, “soma.” The population is further controlled through scientific methods; marriage is forbidden, and children are not born but produced in an embryo factory THEME: Science and its influences on humanity is the major theme of Brave New World. The novel depicts a new society where human beings have been stripped of individual freedom, programmed to certain types of behavior, and conditioned to respond in scientific ways to specific stimulants. All traces of the old order have been eliminated. No longer are human emotions or relationships important. Infants are created in a fertilizing room and decanted to perform certain tasks for the totalitarian regime. They are then conditioned from birth to accept their prescribed role without question. Since love and marriage no longer exist, sex has become a casual experience encouraged from childhood. It is obvious that Huxley fears a completely totalitarian government and a purely scientific society engineered in a...
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...members”. There are various leadership styles namely the autocratic, democratic, laissez faire and charismatic. Basically leaders tend to use all these leadership styles depending on the situations; however, one of the styles is always the predominant on them. It has to be noted that a particular leadership style will not be effective in an organisational setting. Hence, different styles are needed according to different situations. Steve Jobs CEO of Apple has been a successful leader in this modern era. His approach to leadership is both fascinating and confusing and that is the reason why he has been able to make Apple a successful company. He has brought a lot of changes in the life of people through his greatest advanced technology ever made namely the Mac, the iPod, the iPad and iPhone but has also introduced a new concept for business and leadership. His approach to creative leadership was remarkably high, that is inspiring others to do the impossible but at the same time Steve Job’s leadership style was complex because he always put a lot of pressure on his employees to provide the best possible products. Moreover, Steve Job’s management style has been described as demanding which at times can be seen as aggressive. Steve jobs can be seen in various leadership styles depending on distinct situations. It is well known that Steve Jobs might be arrogant and dictatorial. However, he was a great leader. By analysing this...
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...European history, specifically, as one founder put it, “that diabolical institution, the Inquisition”.6 The founders wanted to protect innocent citizens from the abuse of government’s legal authority. They believed that these protections were more important than the fear of the guilty escaping justice and ensured that all citizens would retain their fundamental rights even in the face of criminal prosecution.7 This stands in stark contrast to the abuses present in the legal systems of many dictatorships around the world even today. Each clause of the amendment protects the rights of US citizens against specific forms of legal abuse. The clause “no person […] shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself” has only grown in importance since its creation. This protection forms the basis of the legal right against coerced self-incrimination.8 As the US continues to adjust to the digital age, the amendment has expanded its sphere of influence. In 2013, a Federal Court ruled that ordering a defendant to decrypt digital storage devices that held incriminating evidence against him would be a violation of his 5th Amendment rights.9 The ruling ensures that people remain confident with using new technology without the risk of government coercion, which is critical to the growth of our digital economy.10 Despite the new challenges of modern society, the right against self-incrimination continues to protect US citizens from government coercion. The protection against...
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...Benjamin Franklin once said that nothing is certain but death and taxes. However, this humorous statement is incorrect. In addition to the aforementioned ideas of death and taxes, there is also another absolute: crisis. No human can live, or even has to option to live, a life void of problems and difficulties. Misfortune is inevitable at one point or another. Even in the realm of fiction, a seemingly perfect world is often anything but. Every utopia has its flaws and cracks, and few novels make this point more clearly than Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. The futuristic setting of the story exposes the reader to a world dominated by technology and complacency. People are no longer born; they are made in laboratories all around the world, and have their destinies chosen for them before they even leave their test tube. Sexuality is treated in a very flippant manner, and self-gratification is the primary driving force for the actions of nearly every single person. History is no longer relevant, and people never question what they are told. The key question regarding the nature of this kind of world is a question to which the answer is yet unknown. The question is something any reader of this novel should ask himself or herself, and that is simply this: Is it worth it? There is no crime rate, and peoples’ desires are rarely left unfulfilled, but is it worth the giving up of free will and of choice? There is no clear answer to this question, and there will likely never be one. ...
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...Drinking the Kool-Aid? On November 18, 1978, at a commune often called “Jonestown” in the jungle of Guyana, 900 people died in a mass murder/suicide; all were members of the Peoples Temple, an American religious cult. At the request of their leader, men and women administered lethal doses of cyanide-laced punch to over 300 infants and children before gulping down their own. How could so many people be convinced to kill their babies and themselves? His name was James Warren Jones. Like his idol, Hitler, he was a dominant propagandist, a charismatic leader, and an evil human being. Summaries In the piece “Propaganda under a Dictatorship” (1958/2016), Aldous Huxley, renowned English novelist, and Oxford graduate expands on ideas he first presented in his 1932 novel, Brave New World, which examines a futuristic culture in which no individual thought takes form. Huxley’s essay explores the practical use of propaganda by Adolph Hitler in controlling the minds of eighty million German people in the years leading to the Second World War. He examines, with chilling account, Hitler’s...
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