...1. The Federalist wanted a strong central government and weak state governments. The major federalist were Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, and George Washington. The Anti-Federalist wanted power in the states and didn't want a powerful central government. The key anti-federalist were John Hancock, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, George Mason, and Mercy Otis Warren. The federalist favored the Constitution because it gave Congress the power to govern domestic affairs. Not only that but they were given the power to tax due to the Constitution. They did not trust the people to solve the major problems the nation had so they wanted a strong central government to counter that. The Constitution implemented a check and balance system so that one branch isn't too powerful compared to the others. As long as Congress had power, the federalist were happy. The anti-federalist were the exact opposite. They valued the Articles of Confederation because it gave the states the most power. It prevented the central government from taking control just as they wanted and it is also the reason why the anti-federalist disliked the Constitution. They believed the Constitution would make the nation turn into a tyranny like the British empire which is why they preferred the Articles of Confederation because it is what originally gave them the freedom of tyranny. They opposed having one government having all the power because they feared for the worst. 2. The reason why...
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...The Antifederalist were not for the ratification of the constitution. They believed that the government could be easily corrupted. They were big believer of restraining government power. They were against the federalist papers because they had a lack of protection for individual freedoms. They wrote their own essays such as the “Centinel” against the federalist papers and it was to warn about the danger from tyranny. Samuel Bryan, the author of the letters of centinel, wrote: ‘Without presuming upon my own judgment, I cannot think in an unwarrantable presumption to offer my private opinion, and call upon others for their’s…” The Centinel purpose was to include a bill of rights in the new constitution and to adopt those rights. The Antifederalist achieve their goal and the federalists compromise with the bill of rights added to the Constitution. Many people say that the first amendment would not be here without the “intent of the Framers.”. But they did not adopt the first amendment. The Anti-federalist was still scared because the constitution did not really guarantee that the government could take people’s right to worship away. For example, the first amendment does not say that freedoms of speech or press shall not curtail, it only prevents congress to make laws against it. There is no way to truly understand the original intent of the first amendment other that the bill of rights was a compromise to the Anti-Federalists essays. The bill of rights was created to make sure...
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...ever be liable to abuse.”(Madison, 1787) The Federalists, writing under the pseudonym Publius, advocated a strong central government in the new nation. They argued against the Anti-Federalist writers like Brutus, whose ideas of an effective government resided with stronger state governments. Both views of the Federalists and the Anti-federalists were justified in unifying the newly emancipated American colonies. While there is much debate on who theoretically won the political battle that resulted in the ratification of the constitution in 1789, it is clear that the modern American government no longer represents James Madison ideals of a balanced federal government. The current robust national government, has damaged Madison's ideals of federalism. In 1787 delegates from the colonies of the newly-formed United States of America met in Philadelphia to ratify a new constitution. The purpose behind the intention to create a new constitution for the United States of America was due to the weakness of America's first constitution, which was the Articles of Confederation. Although there was support to ratify a new constitution based on the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, there were many delegates who still supported aspects of the Articles of Confederation. For this reason, the issue of a new constitution and aspects of the articles of confederation would draw the lines between two opposing parties. The Federalists, led by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, strongly supported...
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...[Wrіtеr Nаmе] Professors Nаmе] [Subjеct] [Dаtе] DUAL FEDERALISM VERSUS COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM Introductіon Duаl Fеdеrаlіsm іs а normаtіvе concеpt thаt еmphаsіzеs а dіffusіon of polіtіcаl аuthorіty аmong lеvеls of govеrnmеnt. Fеdеrаl polіtіcаl systеms аrе polіtіcаl orgаnіzаtіons mаrkеd by shаrеd powеr аmong thеіr constіtuеnt unіts. Somе еxаmplеs of fеdеrаl polіtіcаl systеms іncludе unіons, constіtutіonаlly dеcеntrаlіzеd unіons, fеdеrаtіons, confеdеrаtіons, fеdеrаcіеs, аssocіаtеd stаtеs, condomіnіums, lеаguеs, аnd joіnt functіonаl аuthorіtіеs. As Ronаld Wаtts hаs wrіttеn, а fеdеrаtіon іs а compound polіty combіnіng constіtuеnt unіts аnd а gеnеrаl govеrnmеnt, еаch possеssіng powеrs dеlеgаtеd to іt by thе pеoplе through а constіtutіon, еаch еmpowеrеd to dеаl dіrеctly wіth thе cіtіzеns іn thе еxеrcіsе of а sіgnіfіcаnt portіon of іts lеgіslаtіvе, аdmіnіstrаtіvе, аnd tаxіng powеrs, аnd еаch dіrеctly еlеctеd by іts cіtіzеns. In contrаst, а coopеrаtіvе fеdеrаlіsm іs morе dеpеndеnt on іts constіtuеnt govеrnmеnts, іs composеd of dеlеgаtеs from thе mеmbеr stаtеs, аnd rеlаtеs dіrеctly to іts constіtuеnt govеrnmеnts аnd only іndіrеctly to thе cіtіzеns of thosе mеmbеr stаtеs. Thіs sеctіon еxаmіnеs thе contrіbutіons of fеdеrаlіsm аnd confеdеrаtіon to lіbеrty іn thеory аnd іn prаctіcе. (Storіng, 12) Thе fеdеrаl form of govеrnmеnt dеfеndеd іn thе pаgеs of Thе Fеdеrаlіst Pаpеrs sееms to bе а compound rеpublіc comprіsіng both nаtіonаl аnd stаtе powеrs, а hаlfwаy poіnt...
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...DBQ Essay-Ratification of the Constitution: The Federalists’ Stance The ratification of the constitution was a process which was very controversial and tedious. The people chose sides because they were undereducated about the constitution and were easily influenced. The Federalists’ supported the ratification of the constitution because the Articles of Confederation was falling apart and was causing many domestic and foreign distresses. Massachusetts was perhaps most against the new constitution but even the editor of the Massachusetts Sentinel had to agree that the A.O.C could not be. The editor writes in his newspaper of the many domestic and foreign issues facing our country. He describes them as such “… the complaints of our farmers… the complaints of every class of public creditors…the melancholy faces of our working people…our ships rotting in our harbors…the insults that are offered to the American name and character in every court of Europe…View these things fellow citizens, and then say that we do not require a new, protecting, and efficient federal government if you can.” The editor proves how deplorable the domestic issues are and how pitiful the foreign are getting. He recognizes many issues that anti-federalists overlook in hunger for power control. This editor says that these domestic and foreign issues are a result of the A.O.C and that change was required to ease the hardships the American people were facing. Even what some people consider our nation’s...
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...Federalist or Anti-Federalist? The debate between federalists and anti-federalists was very intense during the time the constitution was ratified. The anti-federalists wished to prevent a surplus of power in the national government by giving states the supreme power. Federalists wanted a larger central government for a good military and law enforcement. The anti-federalists had the most liberty under their form of government. For this reason, I side with the anti-federalists. One problem the federalists had with their form of government was that it would allow the majority to infringe of the rights of the individuals. James Madison explained this in the federalist papers, “A pure democracy can admit no cure for the mischiefs of faction. If the views of the faction become the will of the majority of people, there is nothing to stop them from trampling on the rights of those who have different views. A common passion or interest will be felt by a majority, and there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party.” One thing that the anti-federalists wanted to prevent was people’s rights being taken by groups of special interests. Another problem with the federalists is that they didn’t want the states to have the right to secede. Hamilton explains it this way, “All men of sense will agree in the necessity of an energetic executive … The ingredients which constitute energy in the executive are unity; duration; an adequate provision for its support; and competent...
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...News Paper article: Anti-Federalist vs. Federalist In a monarchy, the people have no say in the government, and if anti-federalist we would be living in a monarchy. This would cause chaos and hostility amongst the citizens of the nation, and sway the congress of the United States to continue in its federalist ideals and views. The feud between federalist and anti-federalist prolonged for quite awhile. It’s good that we really went over the views of both sides before deciding which one would be incorporated in to running this country. The federalist, in many peoples opinion was more for the people. Federalist wanted to do business with England. The federalist wanted a strong central government. They wanted a central bank and a federal army. Federalist also was strongly against slavery and wanted to terminate it. “It is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others … But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others.” “In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.” “In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this:...
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...What is Federalism? As a country that is more than 200 years old, the United States of America has become known as the cornerstone of democracy within the world today. When the forefathers of the country came together to create what would become the democratic government today, they instilled a number of political values that are still functioning today. Federalism is one of these ideas. While it has its roots in Colonial America and beyond, it still has a place and can be seen in this country in 2014. The Cornell University School of Law defines Federalism in the following way: “Federalism is a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government” (Cornell, 2014). In basic terms this means that the country's government is broken up into parts that handle various levels of concern. For example, the United States of America has developed a government that functions on the local, state and federal level. Since the layout of the government is broken into these three sections, then American can be considered an example of a country that is run by Federalist principles. With that in mind, there are a number of examples of how this ideal, which can be considered dated, is still functioning within the world today. The development of a federalist type of government allows the national level to deal with issues of national concern, while the states tend to deal with issues within their own borders. “The U.S. Constitution grants the federal...
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...Karli McQuaig Jennifer Powell November 17, 2014 Persuasive argument Leaders of the Philadelphia Convention had completed the Constitution for the United States of America, but many of the convention members had lingering doubts as to whether the states would approve it. According to the Articles of Confederations, unanimous approval was needed to ratify the Constitution, and convention leaders feared that this was unachievable. The constitution has helped create and mold the United States government into what it is today but it also got help from a few other very important documents. The federalist and the anti-federalist were two completely different groups of people who wanted two completely different things to happen that pertained to the constitution. He anti-federalist were completely against the reification of the constitution which without that would have not transformed our nation as it did. The federalist had the right idea that with the ratification of the constitution it would give just as much power to the government if it wasn’t ratified. “The most productive system of finance will always be the least burdensome.” The Federalist Papers are considered by many to be among the founding classics of American political thought, along with the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. The Federalist Papers were part of the national debate over the ratification of the...
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...A Strong Central Government By Emmanuel Chenny PPA 601 Foundations of Public Administration Instructor: Leon Daniel September 13, 2013 Unlike America, France is a republic with a stronger national government called the fifth republic. The federal system of government as defined by the Oxford dictionary and the constitution is the separation of powers among the three branches of government namely: the executive; the legislative and the judiciary. It is also structured to give the states greater powers equivalent to powers exercised by most independent countries around the world especially in the area of public education and the establishment of civil and criminal laws. This system is set up in such a way that the powers between the states and the central government are divided with the states sharing its powers with the local government. The powers given to the states and the national government are well defined by the constitution which guide such and help mitigate any conflict of interest. In the past, the states used to have almost an absolute power over education, public safety, consumer protection and environmental protection. Recently, such powers have been eroding due to the increasing role of the federal government in these areas which may be good or bad depending on who is being asked. The fact that the world is fast changing than it was decades or centuries ago due to the increased global threat in terrorism,...
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...“Party Government” by E. E. Schattschneider, the speaker focuses on the involvement of Federalist 10, regarding to political parties in the constitutional system and interest groups. Schattschneider describes the pro-party as those who “guarantee civil rights and establishes a system of party tolerance, the right to agitate and to organize,” (Page 171) while he describes the aspects of an anti-party as the separation of powers and federalism. He says that the constitutional system created a constitution that was pro-party in one sense and also anti-party. Later in page 171, Schattschneider says that “the Constitution made the rise of parties inevitable yet was incompatible with party government,” meaning the Constitution makes it difficult for parties to function. He also claims that interests groups don’t have the agreement of people and power to control the government. At the end, he describes the law of the imperfect political mobilization of interests as the result that every individual is torn by the diversity of their own interests, making an individual a member of many groups. Schattscheider’s overview of parties in a constitutional system in “Party Government” is connected to Madison’s famous Federalist paper 10. Madison focused on the Constitution establishing an effectual government that would break and control the dangers of a faction, but at the same time to form a popular government where people have opinions. To Madison, interests groups and parties were bad,...
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...Sokunbi Adetoyese Politics of Political and Constitutional Reforms in Nigeria. Andrew Heywood in his book, Global Politics (2010) identifies that politics, in its broadest sense, he defines it as the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. As such, politics is inextricably linked to the concepts of conflict and cooperation, which means politics is a social phenomenon with the characteristics of both struggle between opposing groups, parties and claims on one hand and cohesiveness, mobilization and organization on the other hand. On former hand, there is the constant existence of rival opinions, different wants, competing needs or opposing interests guarantees disagreement about the rules under which people live. Likewise on the latter hand, people recognize that in order to influence these rules or ensure that they are upheld, they must work with others, with whom they share similar needs and values. This is why we can allude the meaning of politics as the authoritative allocation of values, in which rival views or competing interests are reconciled with one another because at the art of politics is essentially to resolve conflict. In reality however, politics in this broad sense is better considered as the search for conflict resolution and not necessarily its achievement, since it is near impossible to resolve all conflict and satisfy all opposing groups especially in a multi-ethnic super diverse state...
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...Federation was when the colonies of Australia united on the 1st of January 1901, to form what is now called ‘The Commonwealth of Australia’. This federation didn’t happen overnight but through a period of 50 years of discussion by the people of Australia. This idea was achieved for many reasons including to unite the defense forces of Australia, a sense of nationalism and to have a ‘White Australia’. While there were many reasons supporting federation, there were also arguments that hindered the idea such as loss of worker rights, loss of cheap labour and also the thoughts of isolation by the smaller colonies. One of the key reasons for federation was to unite the defense forces of Australia. During a trip to the Australian defense units by Major General J.B, he deeply criticized about the wastage of the separate colonial defense units. As Major General J.B stated ‘the defense forces should at once be placed on a proper footing but this however quite impossible without a federation of the forces of the different colonies’. During the late 1800s, Australia became very concerned about the ‘threat’ from Asia and it soon became very clear when Queensland feared Germany’s intentions on taking Papa New Guinea. Supporters such as Sir Henry Parkes argued and supported for the idea of federation as it is clearly necessary for Australia’s defense forces to come together and protect Australia against foreign powers. Another obvious reason supporting the idea of federation was due...
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...Federalism Chapter Summary I. Defining Federalism (66-70) A. What Is Federalism? Federalism is a way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same area and people. Power is shared between units of government. Most governments in the world, like Great Britain, are unitary governments, in which all power resides in the central government. The American states are unitary governments with respect to their local governments. A confederation is a governmental structure in which the national government is weak and most power is in the hands of its components, or states. The term intergovernmental relations refers to the interactions among national, state, and local governments. B. Why Is Federalism So Important? Federalism decentralizes our politics in many ways. For example, senators are elected to represent their state, not the nation. With more levels of government, more opportunities exist for political participation. Judicial power also is enhanced by federalism. Federalism also decentralizes our policies. The history of federalism demonstrates the tension between the states and the national government over who should control policy. The overlapping powers of the two levels of government mean that most debates over policy become debates over federalism. States are responsible for most public policies dealing with social, family, and moral issues. These become national issues when brought to the national government...
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...Federalist built the United States for America in to what the American people experience today and their main goal was to see America governed by the people and become a model for countries around the globe. American federalism is defined by the United States Constitution as a “fundamental aspect of American government, whereby the states are not merely regional representatives of the federal government, but are granted independent power and responsibilities” (USA, Constitution). However this definition is constantly changing and took a long bumpy road to get where it is today. The United States constitution was drafted on September 17th, 1787 and ratified on June 21st, 1788. The United States became a sovereign nation on July 4th, 1776 at the signing of the Declaration of Independence, but they needed a Constitution. The Articles of Confederation were drafted on November 7th, 1777 and ratified on March 1st, 1781. This document was signed by the thirteen original colonies that made up the United States of America and served as its first constitution. After becoming sovereign nation it became clear to many that the Articles of Confederation would not be able to hold a nation together. Under the Article of Confederation there was a unicameral legislative that provided no separation of power. The central government appeared to be too weak because under the Articles of Confederation most of the power was retained by the states. Congress had no power to tax therefore, they were unable...
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