...FIGURES OF SPEECH List of Figure of Speech and Examples Alliteration This is a very common figure of speech that involves using words that begin with the same sound. For instance, “Sally sells sea shells by the seashore” is alliteration – and try saying it fast to see how difficult it is! It is often used in advertising slogans to create something catchy that more people will remember. Assonance Remember the phrase “I Like Ike”? It was a very common phase for those who supported Dwight Eisenhower during his presidential run. This is a figure of speech that focuses on the vowel sounds in a phrase, repeating them over and over to great effect. Hyperbole “It was as big as a mountain! It was faster than a cheetah! It was dumber than a rock!” This figure of speech makes things seem much bigger than they really were by using grandiose depictions of everyday things. Hyperbole is often seen as an exaggeration that adds a bit of humor to a story. Irony This figure of speech tries to use a word in a literal sense that debunks what has just been said. “Gentlemen, you can’t fight in here! This is the War Room!” from Dr. Strangelove is a great example. It is often used to poke fun at a situation that everyone else sees as a very serious matter. A. Situational B. Dramatic C. Verbal Metaphor Indirect comparison The use of metaphor compares two things that are not alike and finds something about them to make them alike. “My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts...
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..."Come…dragging the lazy languid Line along. Example: Alice’s aunt ate apples and acorns around August. Apostrophe is an exclamatory rhetorical figure of speech, when a speaker or writer breaks off and directs speech to an imaginary person or abstract quality or idea. In dramatic works and poetry written in or translated into English, such a figure of speech is often introduced by the exclamation "O". Example: "O western wind, when wilt thou blow That the small rain down can rain?" Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences, and together with alliteration and consonance[1] serves as one of the building blocks of verse. For example, in the phrase "Do you like blue?", the /uː/ ("o"/"ou"/"ue" sound) is repeated within the sentence and is assonant. Example: "Try to light the fire" Euphemism is a generally harmless word, name, or phrase that replaces an offensive or suggestive one.[1] Some euphemisms intend to amuse, while others intend to give positive appearances to negative events or even mislead entirely. Euphemisms are used for dissimulation, as alternatives to unpleasant topics (especially death), and to mask profanity. Example: Departed instead of died. Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally. Example: I am so hungry I could eat a horse. Irony...
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...Synecdoche- a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special Example: “Ten sail for ten ships” Chiasmus- a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases Example: “He went to the country, to the town went she.” Synesthesia- a sensation produced in one modality when a stimulus is applied to another modality, as when the hearing of a certain sound induces the visualization of a certain color. Example: "The pie tasted like sunlight." Tropes of Comparison: Metaphor- a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance Example: “Its raining men” Simile- a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared Example: “As busy as a bee” Metonymy- figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is a part Example: ‘The pen is mightier than the sword” Tropes of Wordplay: Puns- the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words Example: “Tried some bear stew, it was a little grizzly.” Antanaclasis- a form of speech in which a key word is repeated and used in a different, and sometimes contrary, way for...
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...Figures of Speech (Stylistic Devices) What are stylistic devices? In literature and writing, a figure of speech (also called stylistic device or rhetorical device) is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling. Sometimes a word diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase has a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it. Examples are metaphor, simile, or personification. Stylistic devices often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity. A simile is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things, often introduced with the word "like" or "as". It takes the form of: * X is (not) like Y * X is (not) as Y * X is (not) similar to Y Examples of simile: * He fights like a lion. * He swims as fast as a fish. * He slithers like a snake. * "My dad was a mechanic by trade when he was in the Army, When he got the tools out, he was like a surgeon." What is a metaphor? Unlike simile, metaphor (from the Greek language: meaning "transfer") is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects. It is a figure of speech that compares two or more things not using like or as. In the simplest case, this takes the form: X - is - Y Examples of metaphor: All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; (William Shakespeare, As You Like It, 2/7) Example: “Henry was a lion on the battlefield”. This...
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...used as a figure of speech in poetry, and even advertisements use alliteration in their tag lines to make the ads more memorable. Some examples of alliteration are: Don't delay dawns disarming display. Dusk demands daylight. - Paul Mccan Sara's seven sisters slept soundly in sand. ANASTROPHE Anastrophe the inversion of the normal order of speech in a particular sentence. It can also be said that the language is interrupted and speech takes a sudden turn. This is used for the purpose of emphasis. Examples of anastrophe are: Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. - Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart Why should their liberty than ours be more? - Adriana, Comedy of Errors, William Shakespeare ANAPHORA Anaphora refers to a repetition of one particular word purposely, at the start of consecutive sentences or paragraphs. This is again in order to emphasize a point. Examples of anaphora are: I'm not afraid to die. I'm not afraid to live. I'm not afraid to fail. I'm not afraid to succeed. I'm not afraid to fall in love. I'm not afraid to be alone. I'm just afraid I might have to stop talking about myself for five minutes. - Kinky Friedman, When the Cat's Away Water, water, every where, And all the boards did shrink ; Water, water, every where, Nor any drop to drink. - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner ANTITHESIS Antithesis is defined as an opposition or contradiction between two concepts in a statement. For example: It rained...
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...find an example of the related theory in action, and then identify how the example demonstrates how the particular type of persuasion is being applied. The first concept I will be discussing is Aristotle’s three artistic proofs. According to Aristotle, persuasion succeeds or fails based on three basic types of artistic proof (Larson, 2013). They include ethos, which is the credibility of the speaker, pathos, which is the emotional appeal, and logos, the logic behind the content. The first example will be an advertisement from Gatorade’s G Series (see figure 1). This ad uses ethos through the use of three famous athletes of their respected sport. By using famous athletes to endorse the product, the credibility of the product is established because the audience will buy into the effectiveness of the product since professionals are using it. Pathos is engaged by showing pictures of the athletes energized in competition, which in turn will help attain an emotion from the consumer, as they too will want to be energized if they consumed the product. The logos behind the piece is to draw in consumers to purchase the product, as they too will perform like these famous athletes if they purchase the product. The second concept is Enthymemes, defined as a form of argument in which the first or major premise in the proof remains unstated by the persuader and instead, is supplied by the audience (Larson, 2013). An example of this comes from a church marquee (see figure 2), in which...
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...simile is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things, often introduced with the word "like" or "as". It takes the form of: X is (not) like Y X is (not) as Y X is (not) similar to Y Examples of simile: He fights like a lion. He swims as fast as a fish. He slithers like a snake. "My dad was a mechanic by trade when he was in the Army, When he got the tools out, he was like a surgeon." Unlike simile, metaphor (from the Greek language: meaning "transfer") is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects. It is a figure of speech that compares two or more things not using like or as. In the simplest case, this takes the form: X - is - Y Examples of metaphor: All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; (William Shakespeare, As You Like It , 2/7) Personification is a figure of speech in which human characteristics are attributed to an abstract quality, animal, or inanimate object. Examples Notice the use of personification in William Blake's poem below: Two Sunflowers Move in the Yellow Room. "Ah, William, we're weary of weather," said the sunflowers, shining with dew. "Our traveling habits have tired us. Can you give us a room with a view?" They arranged themselves at the window and counted the steps of the sun, and they both took root in the carpet where the topaz tortoises run. William Blake (1757-1827) Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used...
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...thing is something that it literally is not. For example: * This bedroom is a prison. * He's a real gannet. * He listened with a stone face. * We don't need dinosaurs in this company. Simile A simile likens one thing to another (usually achieved by the use of the wordlike or as). For example: * He eats like a gannet. * This sandwich tastes like sawdust between two doormats. * She sings like an angel. * It's like water off a duck's back. Personification Personification is when non-human objects are given human traits. For example: * The tide waits for no man. * My car tends to give up on long hills. * Summer's healing rays Hyperbole Hyperbole is an exaggeration or extravagant statement used for effect. For example: * I have a million problems. * We won a tonne of cash. * I'll die if I don't finish this crossword. Idiom An idiom is commonly used expression whose meaning does not relate to the literal meaning of its words. For example: * Be careful not to miss the boat. * This is the last straw. * You can't pull the wool over my eyes. * Don't sit on the fence. Say what you mean. Euphemism A euphemism is the use of agreeable or inoffensive words to replace rude or offensive ones. For example: * kicked the bucket = has died * knocked up = is pregnant * letting you go = you're fired * lost his marbles = is mad Famous Metaphors (Examples) Here are some metaphors by famous people: ...
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...Figurative Language The novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, has quite a bit of figurative language, which contributes to its popularity. Examples include figures of speech, symbolism, allusions, imagery, similes, metaphors, personification and hyperboles. These elements are of my group’s interest. The first figurative language example I’d like to explain is the figure of speech. Lee uses many figures of speech throughout the book. One example which captured my interest was on when Atticus finds the flaw in Mayella’s account of the Tom Robinson case. “Somehow, Atticus had hit her hard in a way that was not clear to me, but it gave him no pleasure to do so” (188). Here, Atticus discovers the hole in Mayella’s testimony, and proves that...
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...An Analysis on the Speech Contestants’ Arguments in English Celebration Week Octaviyani Raharja 1213009001 Abstract Nowadays, many universities hold speech contest to facilitate their students in improving their communicative skills. Widya Mandala Catholic University, through English Department, holds a speech contest during the English Celebration Week event. As speech contest in common, students are required to conduct a good speech that deals with the topic given. Unfortunately, there are still some mistakes found that deal with the argument components and verbal fallacies. In figuring out a good speech, the contestants’ speeches are recorded and transcribed to be analyzed whether they have met the quality of a good speech which are: (1) includes all of the main components of argument and (2) fallacies free. Since the speech contestants are still in the first semester, they have limited knowledge on argument components and verbal fallacies. Therefore, the contestants sometimes miss the argument components and make no verbal fallacies in their speech. |Keywords: Argument, Fallacy, Verbal Fallacy, Speech, ECW Speech Contest | Introduction There are four language skills and two language components that are needed in learning foreign language, especially English. Among the four language skills, speaking has big roles in both language teaching and learning activity since it requires both communicative...
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...Elements of poem SPEAKER is the imaginary voice assumed by the writer of a poem. In many poems the speaker is not identified by name. When reading a poem, remember that the speaker and the poet are not the same person, not more than an actor is the playwright. The speaker within the poem may be a person, an animal, a thing, or an abstraction. A STANZA is a formal division of lines in a poem, considered as a unit. Often the stanzas in a poem are separated by spaces. Stanzas are sometimes named according to the number of lines found in them. a. 2 lines ---- couplet b. 3 lines ---- tercet c. 4 lines ---- quatrain d. 5 lines ---- cinquain e. 6 lines ---- sestet f. 7 lines ---- heptastich g. 8 lines ---- octave Rhythm: This is the music made by the statements of the poem, which includes the syllables in the lines. The best method of understanding this is to read the poem aloud. Listen for the sounds and the music made when we hear the lines spoken aloud. How do the words resonate with each other? How do the words flow when they are linked with one another? Does sound right? Do the words fit with each other? These are the things you consider while studying the rhythm of the poem. METER of a poem is its rhythmical pattern. This pattern is determined by the number and types of stresses, or beats, in each line. Rhyme: A poem may or may not have a rhyme. When you write poetry that has rhyme, it means that the last words of the lines...
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...widely examined by linguist in the study of literature in recent years. It is because figurative language has the essence of style and beauty. Figurative language often provides a more effective means of saying what we mean than direct statement. In the specific sense, figurative language may take the form of figures of speech. Figurative language is used in any form of communication, such as in daily conversation, articles in newspaper, advertisements, novels, poems, etc. The effectiveness of figurative language in four main reasons, Perrine (1982) First, figurative language affords readers imaginative pleasure of literary works. Second, it is a way of bringing additional imagery into verse, making the abstract concrete, making literary works more sensuous. The third, figurative is a way of adding emotional intensity to otherwise merely informative statements and conveying attitudes along with information. And the last, it is a way of saying much in brief compass. She divides figurative language into seven types, namely metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, paradox, overstatement, understatement, irony and illusion. 2 Keraf (1998: 129) divided majas (figures of speech) into two classifications, namely majas retoris (rhetoric) and majas kiasan (analogy). The first classification covers illiteracy, assonances, anastrophe, apophasis, apostrophe, asyndeton, polycyndenton, chiasmus, ellipsis, euphemism, litotes, paradox, hyperbole and oxymoron. Meanwhile the later covers simile...
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...Figurative speech is is used in every author's literature works. Advanced authors show exceptional use of figurative speech and are capable of using them very effectively. Jonathan Edwards uses many different figures of speech in his sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”. In order to keep his sermon interesting and meaningful, Edwards uses similes. He uses personification to give his sermon life and to connect with his audience. Finally, to create rhythm and mood, Jonathan Edwards uses alliteration. Edwards does a phenomenal job using these three figures of speech and provides excellent examples of each. A simile is a figure of speech where two unlike things are compared using the word “like” or “as”. Jonathan Edwards uses many similes...
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...A metaphor, as defined in our glossary, is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common. The word metaphoritself is a metaphor, coming from a Greek word meaning to "transfer" or "carry across." Metaphors "carry" meaning from one word, image, or idea to another. When Dr. Gregory House (in the TV series House, M.D.) says, "I'm a night owl, Wilson's an early bird. We're different species," he's speaking metaphorically. When Dr. Cuddy replies, "Then move him into his own cage," she's extendingHouse's bird metaphor--which he caps off with the remark, "Who'll clean the droppings from mine?" Calling a person a "night owl" or an "early bird" is an example of a common (or conventional) metaphor--one that most native speakers will readily understand. Let's look at some of the different ways a single conventional metaphor can be used. Conventional Metaphors Some metaphors are so common that we may not even notice that they are metaphors. Take the familiar metaphor of life as a journey, for example. We find it in advertising slogans: * "Life is a journey, travel it well." (United Airlines) * "Life is a journey. Enjoy the Ride." (Nissan) Alliteration The repetition of an initial consonant sound, as in "a peck of pickledpeppers." Adjective: alliterative. As J.R.R. Tolkien observed, alliteration "depends not on letters but on sounds." Thus the phrase know-nothing is alliterative, butclimate...
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...Optimization Manual Key words: MOS, interference, BER, C/I, power control, DTX, frequency hopping, PESQ, PSQM /PSQM+, PAMS Abstract: With the development of the radio network, mobile operators become more focused on end users’ experience instead of key performance indicators (KPIs). The improvement of the end users’ experience and the improvement of the network capacity are regarded as KPIs. Therefore, Huawei must pay close attention to the improvement of the soft capability of the network quality as well as the fulfillment of KPIs. At present, there are three methods of evaluating the speech quality: subjective evaluation, objective evaluation, and estimation. Among the three methods, objective evaluation is the most accurate. The PESQ algorithm defined by the ITU can objectively evaluate the speech quality of the communication network. This document uses the mean opinion score (MOS) to label the speech quality after objective evaluation. This...
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