...Q1 Describe the role of Financial Institutions. What are the various types of Financial Institutions active in the Indian Financial system ? ANS: Financial sector plays an indispensable role in the overall development of a country. The most important constituent of this sector is the financial institutions, which act as a conduit for the transfer of resources from net savers to net borrowers, that is, from those who spend less than their earnings to those who spend more than their earnings. Financial Institution is not a new concept in financial history. The evolution of financial institutions must be differentiated from economic history and history of money. In Europe, it may have started with the first commodity exchange, the Bruges Bourse in 1309 and the first financiers and banks in the 1400-1600s in central and Western Europe. The first global financiers the Fuggers (1487) in Germany; the first stock company in England (Russia Company 1553); the first foreign exchange market; the first stock exchange. In financial economics, a financial institution is an institution that provides financial services for its clients or members. Probably the most important financial service provided by financial institutions is acting as financial intermediaries. Most financial institutions are highly regulated by government bodies. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institution. 1. Deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans ...
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...Financial Institutions and Financial Markets FIN/370 Financial Institutions and Financial Markets The state of the economy in the United States is very crucial to businesses and society. The success of the economy is reliant on financial institutions and financial markets. “The market for the creation and exchange of financial assets such as money, stocks, and bonds, plays a central role in organizing and coordinating our economy” (Colander, 2013, p. 643). Financial institutions are essential in providing funding for activities that take place within the financial markets. This paper will describe the roles of financial institutions and financial markets in our economy, as well as compare and discuss the differentiations between markets. The Roles of Financial Institutions Financial institutions play a vital role in the success of our economy and financial markets. They are responsible for financial transactions such as deposits, investments, and loans. Examples of financial institutions are commercial banks, investment banks, credit unions, insurance companies, mutual funds, and brokerages. A few of the well-known U.S. financial institutions are Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase Bank, Wachovia Bank, and Wells Fargo Bank. Financial institutions provide a means of savings for society and businesses. Saving money incurs interest, which allows people and businesses to save additional funds. Financial institutions provide loans so businesses can grow...
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...Financial Market and Institutions Christopher Little FIN/370 June 23, 2016 Steve Garrett Financial Market and Institutions Report What comes to mind when you hear financial institutions? For most people, it is going to be a bank which is the most common type of financial institution. What about financial markets? A financial market is where buyers and sellers trade. An example of a well-known financial market is the New York Stock Exchange. This establishment trades trillions of dollars on a daily basis. Both financial markets and financial institution play a vital role within any economy. There are also primary and secondary markets as well as money markets and capital markets. We will take a look at the differences and what role they play in the economy. Let’s start with financial institutions and the example I gave earlier was a bank. A bank is the most common financial institution and is pretty straight forward. You give the bank money and they hold it for you. Then, you ask, how does a bank make money? A bank also lends out money to individuals that are looking to make a large purchase, such as a house. The bank uses the money people deposit to loan out to others and interest is paid on the loan. A bank allows consumers to take out loans for purchases, then with a set time frame, pay back the money loaned with interest. That is one reason the recession of 2008 hit so hard. The bank loaned many people money but then many of those people were...
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...IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES ON THE PROFITABILITY OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY OF SOME SELECTED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN GHANA 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background: Financial institutions exist to perform the main function of collecting excess monies in the system and advancing them in a form of loan. Hence the bulk of the working capital resource is loan advances and cash received from customers. Again, the influx and/or springing up of financial institutions in Ghana of late has created stiff competition. This situation is likely to make most firms relax their policies on working capital especially on loan advances to customers so as to maintain or increase their market share. This could lead to huge unpaid balances which may put the finances of the companies in danger given the fact that the depositors will one day come for their monies. These can have a telling effect on the cash flow position of the firm which indeed raises an issue of profitability and survival. The management of these core assets is vital to their survival. It is for these reasons that the researcher wants to identify the various working capital strategies used by these financial institutions in dealing with such situations and the consequences of such policies on the profitability of these firms. 1.2 Problem Statement: As the main provider of financial needs, the main debacle of financial institutions is not with the several services and products they provide, nor...
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...Non Bank Financial Intermediaries INTRODUCTION • NBFCs are privately owned, decentralized and relatively small-sized financial intermediaries. • Some are primarily engaged in fund-based activities and others provide financial services of diverse kinds. • The former are know as Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and the latter are known as Non Banking Financial Services Companies (NBFSCs). OVERVIEW • Two parts 1. 1995-96 2. 2002-03 • During 1995-96, NBFCs had undergone radical transformation. • The post 1995 overview is depicted with whatever information is available. NATURE • There are thousands of NBFCs and only a small proportion of them report to the RBI. • The RBI (Amendment) Act, 1997 defines NBFC as an “institution or company whose principal business is to accept deposits under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner, and to lend in any manner.” • As a result, a number of loan and investment companies registered under the Companies act by business houses for the purpose of investment in group companies are now included as NBFCs. CATEGORIES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Equipment Leasing Company (ELC) Hire-Purchase Finance Company (HPFC) Housing Finance Company (HFC) Investment Company (IC) Loan Company (LC) Mutual Benefit Financial Company (MBFC) Miscellaneous Non-Banking Company (MNBC) Residuary Non-Banking Company (RNBC) IMPORTANCE • NBFCs perform a diverse range of functions and helps bridge the credit gaps. • They have served the households, farm,...
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...Financial Markets and Institutions. Money Markets vs. Capital Markets The money markets lend or borrow funds for a shorter time period, one year or less period. The main characteristics of money market are deposits, loans, acceptances and bills of exchange. There are number types of institutions that are operated in money markets, such as, central banks and commercial banks. Money markets are largely unregulated and informal because most of the payments are done by phone, fax and online. Money markets provide individual business or government companies. Cash is the main purpose for opening money markets. The money market is important for ensuring companies and governments maintain the steady level of cash flow. Investors use the money markets to invest funds because money markets are safe and the amount of risk is small. The reliability of short time period gives little time for a nonpayment to happen that is why, the risk is decreased. The capital markets lend or borrow the funds for long-term period, i.e. for more than one year. The main instruments that are used in the capital market are stocks, shares, bonds, and securities of the government. Some important institutions of the capital market are stock exchanges, commercial banks and nonbank institutions, such as insurance companies, loan banks, and construction groups. In capital markets, the institutions not largely regulated. Capital markets provide fixed cash for their institutions to buy land, estate and machinery...
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...CHAPTER 2 ------------------------------------------------- FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS 1. You recently sold 100 shares of Microsoft stock to your brother at a family reunion. At the reunion your brother gave you a check for the stock and you gave your brother the stock certificates. Which of the following best describes this transaction? a. This is an example of a direct transfer of capital. b. This is an example of a primary market transaction. c. This is an example of an exchange of physical assets. d. This is an example of a money market transaction. e. This is an example of a derivative market transaction. Answer: a 2. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. The NYSE does not exist as a physical location. Rather it represents a loose collection of dealers who trade stock electronically. b. An example of a primary market transaction would be your uncle transferring 100 shares of Wal-Mart stock to you as a birthday gift. c. Capital market instruments include both long-term debt and common stocks. d. If your uncle in New York sold 100 shares of Microsoft through his broker to an investor in Los Angeles, this would be a primary market transaction. e. While the two frequently perform similar functions, investment banks generally specialize in lending money, whereas commercial banks generally help companies raise large blocks of capital from investors. Answer: c 3. Which of the following is a primary market...
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...The Role of Financial Institutions in Financial Markets Paper In the contemporary business environment, there is cut-throat competition between companies for achieving excellence and long-term profitability. Most of these companies are dependent on various financial institutions for fund management. The given paper is a descriptive analysis of the role of financial institutions in financial markets. In addition to this, the paper also talks about how these institutions interact with each other. Financial market is a system that provides a common platform to people for the purpose of buying and selling financial securities, commodities, and other fungible items. In addition to that, the financial market also helps in risk mitigation and international trade. An efficient financial market facilitates these transactions at low cost and effective hypothesis (Amadeo, 2010). Financial markets can be grouped as: * Capital market, Stock and Bond markets. * Commodity markets. * Money markets, for short and long term financing. * Derivative markets, provides tool for managing financial risks. * Insurance markets; and * Foreign exchange markets. On the other side of things, financial institutions in simple words can be defined as an institution that provides various financial services to its customers. These institutions act as financial intermediaries between individual customers, organizations, and government (InvestorWords.com, 2010). Financial intuitions can...
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...Role of Financial Institutions in the financial development and economic development Financial intermediaries perform an important role in the development process, particularly through their role in allocating resources to their most productive uses. More efficient financial markets help economic agents hedge, trade, pool risk, raising investment and economic growth. Financial institutions provide consumers and commercial clients with a wide range of services and different types of banking products. The importance of financial institutions to the wider economy is apparent during market booms and recessions. During economic upturns, financial institutions provide the financing that drives economic growth, and during recessions, banks curtail lending. This can exacerbate a country's financial problems and draw attention to the fact that economies are heavily reliant upon the financial sector. The importance of financial institutions and passed legislation made it easier for more people to obtain products and services from these entities. In many countries, banks are encouraged or even compelled to lend money to home buyers and small businesses. Readily available loans encourage consumer spending, and this spending leads to economic growth. There is now a clear realization that sustainable development will not and cannot be achieved by governments acting alone. In this context, the expertise of the private sector plays an important role. Role of Financial Institutions in the...
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...In 2008 the US hit a Financial crisis, the biggest since The Great Depression. Which cost over $20 trillion, along with the millions of people who lost their jobs and homes due to this crisis. In the documentary “Inside Job” it is explained how the main cause of this Financial crisis was the deregulation of financial institutions in the 1980’s. These financial institutions include banks, insurance companies, Credit Rating Agencies, and many more. After the deregulation a lot of companies and institutions were caught in frauds, money laundering, bribe, cooking books, and dirty business. If not all, the majority of the people running these institutions and the people that work there are self-motivated, meaning they only care about the profit...
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...DEVELOPMENT OF DERIVATIVE MARKETS IN EMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES1 A. Background Derivatives are commonly used for managing various risk exposures, including foreign exchange, interest rate, and credit risks. By allowing investors to unbundle and transfer these risks, derivatives contribute to a more efficient allocation of capital, in many cases reduce market and portfolio volatility, facilitate cross-border capital flows, and create more opportunities for portfolio diversification. Despite rapid growth over the past several years, Emerging Market (EM) derivatives account for only about 10 percent of the total outstanding notional values in global derivatives markets. Compared to mature markets, the ratio of outstanding notional value of derivatives to market capitalization of the underlying asset markets is fairly small in most emerging economies and is mainly focused on sovereign risks. The most common issues that challenge the development of local derivatives markets are (i) relatively underdeveloped markets for the underlying assets; (ii) lack of adequate regulatory, legal and market infrastructure, and (iii) restrictions on the use of derivatives by local and foreign entities.2 The problem of misuse of derivatives is perceived to be more acute in emerging market countries where prudential regulation, credit information infrastructure, and risk management practices are not fully developed and maybe in conflict with reasonable economic, investment or portfolio objectives. This...
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...VANCITY Vancity’s Competitive Advantages Satisfied and Committed Workforce – Vancity has emphasized on the fact that a committed workforce can lead to financial success in the industry as well as efficient productivity. Vancity provides various staff benefits such as business casual dressing, flexible working hours, hosting various social events to keep up the morale at the workplace and various employee benefit services. Unique Approach – Vancity was the first Canadian financial institution to provide mortgages to women, and marketed via traditional methods to the gay and lesbian community. Apart from that Vancity was the first North American firm to acquire R1 rating from Dominion Bond Rating Service and also provided their own socially responsible mutual funds. Decision Making – The CEO of Vancity, Tamara Vrooman, admitted that they use a locally based decision making for the success of their firm and that was what differentiates them from the big financial institutions. Stakeholder’s Satisfaction As Vancity is a member owned credit union, its shareholders are primarily its employees, members and the communities that are linked to the credit union. Members: Founded in 1946, Vancity started with $22 in total assets and started lending money to the bank-rejects with a purpose to help the people and communities associated with them to prosper. With the introducing the direct marketing strategy to the gay and lesbian community, providing mortgage services to women, Vancity...
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...are many credit unions to choose from. We can begin with creating a brand that is unique; one that is associated with education, customer service, excellence, and empowerment. Annotated Bibliography Lucas, P. J. (2000). Where Do CUs Really Lag? Service To Women. Credit Union Journal, 4(50), 4. This article explains how credit unions are behind the curve in understanding of the power of marketing to women. Studies listed show that women are more likely than men to use the services of their financial institution than a brokering firm. Credit Unions can use the information provided in this article which explains that women are educated, equally compensated, and more willing than men to change to a financial institution that provides the services they are seeking. Studies show that call inquiries into credit unions are more from women than men. This study and others are from Female Demographics. There is another study to support the findings in this article by Raddon Financial Group. The information provided was helpful in understanding why marketing to women would be beneficial. Freeman, L. (2005). Why It Should Be Women & Kids First At Credit Unions. Credit Union Journal, 9(14), 11. This article was in the credit union journal which is a well-respected journal in the credit union industry. The articles written in this journal are trusted by many in the industry. The article explains the importance of creating a brand that...
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...Interactive Teller Machines CMB 636 May 4, 2015 A new innovation that has evolved from the Automatic Teller Machine, (ATM) first seen in the Unites States in 1969, is the Interactive Teller Machine (ITM). (Wikipedia 2015) An Interactive Teller Machine (ITM) looks like an ATM, the difference is that customers will have a real time, face-to-face conversation with a teller at the machine. Using video cameras, images are transmitted to the personal teller located at a centralized location. Cameras at centralized location transmit the personal teller’s image back to the customer. Sound is carried through built-in speakers and a handset is available when using the machine in the lobby. The personal teller can guide the customer through every step of their transaction and answer questions about accounts. (Visterra 2015) The ITM uses two-way video that will allow the customer to see the Teller while allowing the Teller to see the customer. The ITM has both speakers and a built-in microphone for traditional communication, or the customer may pick up a receiver to allow for a more private dialogue.(Visterra 2015) In the lobby, the customer and the personal teller can see and hear each other using a video camera and speaker. Their conversation is just as private as if they were talking to a teller in the branch, if the customer prefers greater privacy, there is handset. At the drive-up, the customer and the personal teller can see and hear other using a video camera with built...
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...SWOTT Analysis Introduction The number one question that pops into people's minds when deciding on where they are going to open up a checking account is what is the difference between a credit union and bank. Many people are unaware of the true differences that stand between banks and credit unions and generally go with the bank logo they see the most due to convenience. The difference is simple, banks are for profit financial institutions, and credit unions are not-for-profit financial institutions. Majority of credit unions are able to offer lower rates on all products and services offered due to being member owned, not stockholder owned. Most customers receiving a service in a bank considers them just a number and not an actual customer because it based on making money not creating a lasting impression. "Arizona Federal was established on October 23, 1936 when a small group of City of Phoenix employees pooled their resources to form Phoenix City Employees Federal Credit Union. They started with fewer than 50 members and an average account balance of $5. The credit union has since expanded to manage over $1.3 billion in assets from 200,000 member accounts in 15 branch locations" ( Arizona Federal, 2010 ). |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Great Member Service |Employee Retention ...
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