...Psychology October 14, 2014 Stage 1: Infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers and the world based on whether their needs such as food, affection and safety are met. Ben Carson likely developed trust for this mother and father, although his mother was more nurturing then his father who left the family when he was 8 years old. Even though at times his mother had to work 3 jobs, she seen to it that he and his brother had enough food and safety. Stage 2: If encouraged, toddlers learn to be independent. However, if they are not encouraged, they harbor shame and doubt. With limited information available on Carson’s childhood, we can speculate that Carson’s mother was very nurturing and he developed autonomy and self-sufficiency. However, he may have experienced some doubt in interactions with his father. Stage 3: Preschoolers learn to initiate activities and develop self-confidence and a sense of social responsibility. If not, they feel irresponsible, anxious, and guilty. With limited information on Carson at this time in his life, we can speculate that growing up in the streets of Detroit, MI; he had to learn to adjust to the situation which likely helped him to develop a sense if initiative. Stage 4: Elementary school children, who succeed in learning new life skills, develop a sense of pride and competence. Those who fail to develop these skills feel inadequate and unproductive. Carson had difficulty in school in his scholarly achievements falling to the...
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...The Crusades HUM/100 November 27th, 1095 was a fervor from Pope Urban II preaching of the crusade. It was the most iconic and influential speech of the Middle Ages. This gave more fuel to the major uprising enthusiasm of the Crusades to Christians in Europe to go to war against Muslims to claim the Holy Land. They cried “Deus vult!” meaning “God wills it!” (1095 Pope Urban II orders first Crusade, n.d.) Urban set the stage for the crusades by inspiring the preaching of Peter the Hermit, who led as many as 20, 000 people. Peter was considered the most important preacher of the First Crusade (The Editors of Encylopedia Britannica, n.d.) Another theory was that the crusade was a cover for a war of personal gain by the nobles of Western Europe. The main armies of the First Crusade were Italy and France who joined forces for the very first time. They divided their forces, and all traveled to Constantinople. They had a high level of difficulty making it to the Middle East. They were unable to utilize the Mediterranean Sea because they did not have any control over the ports near the coast (The First Crusade , n.d.). They ended up crossing land through France and Italy. Venice was one of the largest and richest cities in the West (Knox, n.d.). Venice became much larger acquiring several areas by the Atlantic and along the route to Constantinople, as well as the Holy Land and Crete. The benefit of this crusade was the opening between the two...
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...• Characteristics of Medieval Literature Themes of Medieval Literature: • The Seven Deadly Sins • The Seven Heavenly Virtues • Physiognomy and "The Humours" • Values of "courtly love" • The Code of Chivalry(CF) The Poets and Authors: Caedmon: First English poet; author of "The Dream of the Holy Rood." Venerable Bede: wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum. Geoffrey Chaucer: Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales. Margery Kempe: Author of the first autobiography in English. John Gower: Medieval poet and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer Francesco Petrarch: Italian poet, and a humanist. Famous for his poems addressed to Laura. Dante: Medieval poet and politician. Christine de Pizan: Medieval author and feminist. William Longland: English poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman. Boccaccio: Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron. Raphael Holinshed: Medieval author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (KM) Romance: • Chivalry was the reason behind this type of literature. • The greatest English example of the romance is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. • The romance hero-who often has the help of magic-undertakes a quest to conquer an evil enemy. (KM) Chivalry: • A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights and gentlewoman. • The rules included: taking an oath of loyalty to the overlord and observing...
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...The Renaissance in Italy and Europe The French word Renaissance means “rebirth” and is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages. It relates mostly to the growth of artistic and intellectual creativity which is also used by artists and thinkers to recover and apply the ancient learning and standards of Greece and Rome. The Renaissance was basically an intellectual and also cultural movement that imparted some sort of intellectual quality which made it one of the most important events in universal history. This movement was carried on between the fourteenth century and the sixteenth century. The Renaissance was believed to be restricted to Italy somewhere during the late 15th century. This great movement made a huge and advance difference in the world today and also back in the days. It brought major contrasts with civilization in Europe during this time period. This has become of my interest not only because it is one of the world’s most known events, but also because it is a movement that benefited and contributed intellectual developments in most parts of the world today. It is most commonly known that one of the reasons the Renaissance period took place was because theology was rejected by the Middle Ages and was taken over by science. The outlook and institutions of the Middle Ages disintegrated and conspicuous modern forms, like science, emerged. Because of the different levels in society during the time of this intellectual movement, all...
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...Through following the life of a male member of the 2nd Estate, Enguerrand de Coucy VII (1340-1397), Tuchman first seeks to find the effects on society due to the Black Death, but expands her understanding to other plagues and perils post-Black Death (xiii). The 600-plus page text does so much more than just merely show the effects of the Black Death on European society, it demonstrates the effects of the Crusades, and provides insight into the lifestyle of a typical noble of the 14th century. Tuchman realizes the shortcomings about writing an intimate piece from the Middle Ages and owns up to them early on by addressing how the narrative can be “hard to read,” and there are always “conflicting facts (xvi-xvii).” With a text this size, there are a going to be multiple themes. One of the most apparent themes is loyalty. Enguerrand becomes a man of two nations: England and France. Born in France, Enguerrand becomes an English Hostage in 1389, and through this imprisonment (if it can really be referred to as such), Enguerrand becomes the son-in-law to the King of England (185, 192). In order to keep his loyalty to both nations, Enguerrand, decides to fight for the Pope in Italy, rather than sacrifice his neutrality (248). His loyalty is rewarded by both nations. When he finally chooses to side with France, his loyalty is rewarded...
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... but also for the populace of Paris. They could henceforth feel emotionally closer to the deity than they could in the dark and squat ecclesiastical buildings of the early Middle Ages. As far as the the tenth and eleventh centuries in the Capetian history are concerned, nothing noteworthy happened; one weak dynasty had merely been supplanted by another. The Capetians had no effect on the government and society of France. They lacked both the charisma and ruthlessness that characterized some of the greatest medieval kings, and failed to inspire either awe or fear, much less respect. The Capetian dynasty reigned over France from 987 to 1328, a period which met a lot of resistance and victories alike. In the long list of Capetian monarchs, Hugh Capet was the first of many to tarnish the reputation of the Capetians. He was presented as a weak and unimposing king, a territorial prince with little authority beyond his principality, and who only survived because of the incompetence of his opponents (Bradbury 72). Hugh had an inglorious reign, brief and without prestige. Philip’s relations with the church were damaged when he married into a union the church did not approve of. One of King Philip I’s greatest fatalities was how he lost all control over the barons of his own Capetian heartland during his old age. These families, notably the Montfort, the Montlhéri/Rochefort, the Montmorency, the Puisets, hardly let themselves be influenced or dictated by the king. They regarded themselves...
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...The End of Europe's Middle Ages Language and Literature -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Until the sixteenth century, Latin was the official language of law, government, business, education and religion in Western Europe. The Latin of written communication was generally considered learned, or high, Latin and composition of documents followed standard guidelines regardless of where the document was written. On the other hand, the common, or Vulgar, Latin was a living language, mingling with and borrowing from regional dialects to suit the needs of local populations. As Vulgar Latin adapted more and more to the native language of a region, it became less recognizable to people outside that area. This process of individualization occurred relatively quickly for oral Latin and the many vernacular languages of Europe that we recognize today were already forming at the beginning of the Middle Ages. The official nature of writing and the predominance of an oral culture meant that written Latin accepted these regional variations at a much slower pace and excerpts from the Vulgate Bible and other patristic writings remained the standard grammatical texts until the Renaissance revived an insistence on classical Latin. Learning Latin in the Middle Ages During the fourteenth century in Italy, there appeared renewed interest in all things classical. This same interest, applied to classical Latin, spelled the end of...
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...Marriage in Medieval Times Marriage: a union of two loved ones. In medieval ages women did not have a choice about who to marry. The arrangement was done by the children’s parents, in those ages children were married at a young age girls were as young as 12 and boys were as young as 17. Medieval society’s expectation of marriage was quite different from the expectations of marriage now days. Men were sometimes able to choose their wives. Marriage back then was not based on love, but actually a political arrangement. Amt, Emilie. Life in a Medieval Village. 5 November 2013 <educators.medievaltimes.com>. There were a lot of reasons why marriage could be prohibited as opposed to today; one of the reasons was if the two were closely related it was prohibited for them to get married. If the boy and the girl had taken any vows before it was also prohibited for them to be married. Other reasons included rape, adultery and incest. Carter, Rachelle. Marriage in medieval times. 5 11 2013 <http://www.dfwx.com/medieval_cult.html>. In those times there were two types of marriages: Secular and the ecclesiastical type. Secular was meant to be a protection for the social order. Ecclesiastical marriage was to protection the divine order. Secular marriage was most common during the middle ages, because marriage was seen as a civil contract between to families. It was seen as an exchange of property and money. Women were seen as part of the property being exchanged. ...
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...Age Segregation and Old Homes. | Divided Cities | 5/18/2013 ‘Old age is the most unexpected of all the things that can happen to a man’. -LEON TROTSKY Life cycle changes over time as a person grows old. He passes through different phases of life and gets opportunity to experience changing situations in life. There come situations when a person feels fortunate to have a great life whereas, all the same, situation arrives when a person is made to have worst experiences of life. He is made to feel alone, socially isolated or segregated in the society. Sometimes, there comes a situation, when the houses, which were typically considered to be large and spacious, motivate its residents to consider other housing options. My research, basically revolves around the people who choose to live in old homes. My research question is based upon their perspective about this residential segregation and the bonds they have developed within themselves in the old house. I also tend to disucuss the reasons behind choosing such an institutional living. Literature review. Old age segregation is highly debatable topic and a lot of literature is existing which highlights different perspectives of such segregation. TIME TO MOVE?A LITERATURE REVIEW OF HOUSING FOR OLDER PEOPLE by franceska Richard and Gill Walker, looks into the social context of housing for aged ones. It covers the demographic material, facts about social framework of housing for older people. This includes a review of demographic...
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...SEGMENTATION FOR PERODUA ALZA. Market segmentation is the division of market into small segments in order to make marketing easier and avoid the waste of resources. Segmentation helps the company to know their target customer before making a decision to market their products. In automobile industry, for example the Perodua Alza, the company can use the demographic segmentation strategies to identify their potential customer. Under the demographic segmentation, Perodua Alza can be segmented to customer income, family size, and age. Perodua Alza is mainly for average income potential buyer who needs an MPV to fit a big family members with low budget and monthly payment. Besides that, Perodua Alza also suitable for the customer with social lifestyle, such as, going out or in vacation with family members which is 5 until 7 person. No more regret or offense because have to stay while the others be on a holidays. Perodua Alza mainly bought by a customer in the middle age between 30 to 50 years old and married due to family size. Young people not very interested with Alza because they tend to choose a car which suit their wild, young and free personality such as ferrari Using a psycographic segmentation, Perodua targeting Alza to customer based on their attitudes, values and lifestyle. Potential customer who’s always hang out with friend also can be a target customer because their active lifestyle such as camping, tend to make them choose the convenient and more ample space car to fit all...
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...suitable for the elderly depending on their type of impairment or disabilities. considered not so important in the community. Nowadays, community realize that the elderly should involve or participate in the social and community activities as they had a lot of knowledge, experience and I. INTRODUCTION Elderly is defined as aged 60 years and above. The number of older people is rapidly increasing in Malaysia and also in developing countries [1],[2]. The rapid wisdom that can be shared to give some ideas in the requirement and design process on how to design the assistive technology and interactive system for the elderly [1],[5]. There are challenges in designing a growth for the elderly is around 70 to 80 years old or older. At this age, the elderly had increase on the technology for elderly. Several reason involve in the needs to design for elderly friendly. impairment or disabilities in terms of...
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...Born in the castle life of four regions: Aquitaine, Provence, Champagne and ducal Burgundy, courtly love was and is still considered the most beautiful expression of love between men and women. It is the most romantic manner of attraction and a "must" for writers who desire to portray the essence of love during that period in Europe. This ritual consisted of the men, in the medieval Europe, behaving courteously and gallant while expressing love and admiration towards women. Practiced frequently by nobles, yet strange for married couples."The courtly lover existed to serve his lady." (Encyclopedia britannica). The affection felt was adulterous. One of the reasons was because one or both of the lovers cheated on their marriage, which at that time was seen as "the result of business interest or the seal of a power alliance." (EB) The men were absorbed completely by their lover whom they love and worshiped like a saint. This manner affection had a code and rules that the lovers had to follow in order to show their interest on the other. The golden rule for the men was to show commitment to his mistress. They would act brave and submit themselves to do whatever his mistress desire. While the ladies participating were usually of higher status, rich, powerful, and or the wife of the men's lord. Although, this difference of ranks didn't stop the lower ranks of men (and even women) to court each other for the need of love and sexual affection. Making this the revolution of romantic...
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...Being healthy means dealing with the changes in your body – and your mind. Our mind is able to lead us to reach our goals. Human beings are motivated by different feelings. Yet these feelings are motivating human in different ways. Our mind can lead us to reach our goals, in other words, we are motivated by reason and intelligence. But desires and passions can also motivated us powerfully, yet in a different way that reason and intelligence do. The Australian Aboriginals have always used flowers to heal the emotions and minds, as did the Ancient Egyptians. There has also been a very long tradition of use of Flower Essences in India, Asia and South America and they were also very popular in Europe in the Middle Ages. A popular, holistic healing alternative, flower essences are sun-infused solutions that possess flowers’ subtle vibrational energy imprint. Unlike herbal remedies or aromatherapy’s essential oils, flower essences mediate their healing without pharmacologically active molecules. Representing a higher vibrational octave of the plant’s herbal or molecular properties, flower essences energetically restore balance on physical, emotional, and spiritual levels. There is no biologically active molecules essentially exist in a flower-essence solution. Flower essences’ mind-body-and-spirit healing is difficult to explain with traditional biomedical precepts. Mind-body-and-spirit perspectives have, in fact, been integral to most healing traditions throughout history...
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...in previous studies of hip fracture patients, cognitive status has not been formally assessed during the inpatient stay and diagnosis was based only on previous history. Additionally, no previous studies have compared prevalence of dementia between elderly patients with hip fracture and patients with other surgical pathology. Our aim was to define whether dementia was more prevalent in older subjects with hip fracture than in other elderly patients undergoing surgery. In this study, we prospectively assessed all patients aged 68 and older admitted to our hospital for hip fracture surgery during a one year period and compared them with age and gender matched patients attending other surgical departments. 80 hip fracture patients and 80 controls were assessed for dementia. Dementia was common in both groups, presumably reflecting the advanced mean age of both groups and cognitive deterioration due to hospitalization-status. Dementia was significantly higher in the hip fracture group (85%) compared to the control group (61.5%; p=0.002). Dementia is very common in older patients admitted for surgery to a general hospital and extremely common in those with hip fracture. It seems that dementia is under diagnosed in elderly hospitalised patients. Our data confirm that dementia is a major risk factor for hip fracture in the elderly. Seizures in elderly patients with dementia: epidemiology and management. Mendez...
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...I was thinking yesterday that there might be more to the common saying “asking for her hand in marriage.” Doing a few searches and I found that some believe it comes from a medieval ritual known as handfasting. Today it has been adopted by certain Neopagan groups as part of their engagement or marriage rituals, but it has a history which dates back to the Middle Ages in the Christian context, and is certainly much more ancient still1. Apparently this practice has fallen out of usage and been lost among most of mainstream Christianity, except in Eastern Orthodoxy. The modern handfasting ritual typically consists of tying the right hands of the couple to be betrothed or wed with a ribbon or cord while the couples exchange their vows. This is also probably the origin of the common phrase, “tying the knot.” In some cases, all four hands are tied together to make a figure 8 when viewed from above, the symbol of infinity or eternity (as in the photo on the right)2. There is a good treatment on the history of Medieval handfasting on MedievalScotland.org, in which the author quotes from A.E. Anton: Among the people who came to inhabit Northumbria and the Lothians, as well as among other Germanic peoples, the nuptials were completed in two distinct phases. There was first the betrothal ceremony and later the giving-away of the wife to the husband. The betrothal ceremony was called the beweddung in Anglo-Saxon because in it the future husband gave weds or sureties to the woman’s...
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