...HelloArea/Weight EXECUTIVE SUMMARY HD (16) The Executive Summary is inviting, previews the structure of the report and overviews the main points. DI (14) The Executive Summary creates some interest, previews the structure of the report and overviews the main points. CR (12) The Executive Summary adequately previews the structure of the report and overviews the main points but may not be particularly inviting. PA-NN (0-10) The Executive Summary is not clear about the structure of the report and/or fails to overview the main points. It is not particularly inviting. Mark/20 CONCLUSION Synthesis/summary of ideas/recommendation Area/Weight BACKGROUND Conclusion effectively wraps up and gives specific, feasible recommendations. Very smooth flow of summary points. Conclusion effectively summarises the report gives specific, feasible recommendations. Smooth flow of summary points. Conclusion is recognisable and ties up almost all loose ends and gives a recommendation. Fairly smooth flow of summary points. Conclusion does not effectively summarise main points and contains no recommendations. Choppy flow of summary points. PA-NN (0-5) The company, product and target country background information is unclear, too general or not related to the topic. PA-NN (0-20) Analysis characterised by generalisations and statements of the obvious. Also, a reliance on narration or description rather than analysis. Little IB theory applied. Analytical tools and economic indicators...
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...Chinh (FB00405) Hoang My Linh (FB00073) Dang Thi Hong Hanh (FB00253) Nguyen Thi Kieu Trang (FB00078) Hanoi, December 2014 Table of Contents List of tables 3 List of figure 4 Abstract 5 Chapter 1: Introduction and Thesis Outline 6 1. Background 6 2. Research objective 8 3. Research question 8 4. Data and methodology 8 4.1 Data 8 4.2 Methodology 9 5. Thesis outline 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review and theoretical models 10 1. Theorem review 10 1.1. Modigliani- Miller theorem review 10 1.2. Agency theory 12 1.3. Trade-off theory 14 1.4 Pecking Order Theory 19 1.5 Market-timing theory 20 2. Variable review 22 2.1. Return on Asset and Return on Equity 22 2.2. Capital structure 23 3. Empirical studies 24 3.1. Relationship between capital structure and firm performance 24 3.2. Empirical studies of relationship between determinants of capital structure and profitability 28 4. Summary of the empirical studies 30 Chapter 3: Methodology 31 1. Introduction 31 2. Data collection methods 32 2.1. Sampling techniques 32 2.2. Data collection procedure 34 3. Variables and hypotheses 34 3.1. Dependent variables 34 3.2. Independent variables 35 3.3. Control variable 37 4. Regression model 39 5. Methodology 40 5.1. Descriptive Statistics: 40 5.2. Pearson Correlation Coefficient 40 5.3. Pooled Ordinary Least Square Regressions 41 Chapter 4: Analyses and finding 42 1. Context of construction...
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...GB550 Financial Management Unit 1 Final Project Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/gb550-financial-management-unit-1-final-project/ Unit 1 Final Project Overview: The Final Project is due at the end of Unit 5. Overview The purpose of the Final Project Research Paper is to examine capital-structure theory, issues, and debates, while showing how capital-structure choices affect a firm’s return on investment (ROI) and its risk profile. Directions Your Assignment is to select a publicly-held company and to analyze its capital structure, applying the theories and principles found in Chapter 15 of the text. The structure of your research paper should include: • A preview of capital structure issues • Business and financial risks related to capital structure • Modigliani and Miller’s [MM] capital-structure theory • Criticisms of the MM model and assumptions • Capital structure evidence and implications • Estimating the firm’s optimal capital structure A firm’s optimal capital-structure is that mix of debt and equity that maximizes the stock price. At any point in time, management has a specific target capital structure in mind, presumably the optimal one, though this target may change over time. For example, financial management may choose a 50% equity financing [stock] and 50% debt [bond] financing. Several factors influence a firms’ capital structure, including: • Business risk • Tax position • The need for financial flexibility • Managerial...
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...Globalization? 56 Threats to National Sovereignty 56 Economic Growth and Environmental Stress 57 Growing Income Inequality 57 s | Point ^J3ffi^S^^3 ' Offshoring Good Strategy? 58 Why Companies Engage in InternationaLBusiness Expanding Sales 60 , Acquiring Resources 60 Minimizing Risk 60 60 Modes of Operations in International Business Merchandise Exports and Imports 62 Service Exports and Imports 62 Investments 63 Types of International Organizations 63 Why International Business Differs from Domestic Business 64 Physical and Social Factors 65 The Competitive Environment 67 Looking to the Future: 61 Three Ways of Looking at Globalization 68 C A S E : Carnival Cruise Lines: Exploiting a Sea of Global Opportunity 69 74 Summary Key Terms 75 Endnotes 75 An Atlas 78 Map Index 86 Contents • 2 PART TWO COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORKS 90 91 90 The Cultural Environments Facing Business 94 95 C A S E : The Java Lounge—Adjusting to Saudi Arabian Culture Introduction The People Factor Cultural Awareness 96 97 A Little Learning Goes a Long Way The Nation as a Point of Reference How Cultures Form and Change The Idea of a "Nation": Delineating Cultures 98 99 98 Language as Both a Diffuser and Stabilizer of Culture 100 103 Does...
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...CSR 394 Whistle blowing 286 clause 49 high light Utilitarian theory of Ethics http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v2n1/calculating.html in ethics, the theory that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its usefulness in bringing about the most happiness of all those affected by it. Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, which advocates that those actions are right which bring about the most good overall. Jeremy Bentham identified good consequences with pleasure, which is measured in terms of intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, and extent. John Stuart Mill argued that pleasures differ in quality as well as quantity and that the highest good involves the highest quality as well as quantity of pleasure. Herbert Spencer developed an evolutionary utilitarian ethics in which the principles of ethical living are based on the evolutionary changes of organic development. G. E. Moore, in hisPrincipia Ethica (1903), presented a version of utilitarianism in which he rejected the traditional equating of good with pleasure. Sarbanes Oxley Act-high light The legislation came into force in 2002 and introduced major changes to the regulation of financial practice and corporate governance. Named after Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley, who were its main architects, it also set a number of deadlines for compliance. An act passed by U.S. Congress in 2002 to protect investors from the possibility of fraudulent...
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...Client Request II To: Client From: Consulting Group Subject: Financial Implications of Pending Litigation Financial Repercussions The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) created financial reporting that will have some consequences from the client’s impending litigation. The first impact is with the obligation for contingencies in the financial statements to explain the probable account for the conclusion of the lawsuit that will cause a restatement. Pendantto the outcome of the litigation, the company is ordered to reorganize the debts of the organization via chapter 11 bankruptcy. The legitimacy of a patent is challenged in the lawsuit, which is a revenue creating asset for the client’s. The impending outcome of the asset will create testing the patent for impairment. Reporting Requirements for Lawsuit Contingencies The consequencesoflitigationfor the company financials hinge upon the expectedconclusion of the lawsuit. FASB Codification section 450-20-25-2 stipulates that in the event that theanticipated outcome of litigation results in a loss to the business, and can be rationallyprojected, then the cost should be accrued to the financials and footnoted as such.If the conclusion of the process is most likely to create a loss for the business, but thecost cannot judiciouslybe estimated, then FASB Codification 450-20-50-5 necessitates that a contingency disclosure be included to the financials describing the circumstances which would lead to the loss. FASB...
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...Modern Portfolio Theory in the Modern Economy: MPT During the Credit Crisis 0f 2008 Abstract There are various theories of risk and return as it pertains to measuring and predicting investment return in a portfolio- one of the oldest and most prominent being Modern Portfolio Theory .An example of a hypothetical portfolio utilizing the principles of MPT invested during the credit crisis of late 2008/early 2009 will be utilized in part. In direct application, does Modern Portfolio theory hold strong during a major financial crisis? Past research will be compared to present the mechanics and applications of MPT order to answer the questions poised and to create hypothetical portfolios based on past fund performance during the time period of 2007 -2010. It is expected that a portfolio using MPT would not have performed significantly better than any other less diversified investment. Contents Introduction……………………………………..........................................................................4-7 Credit Crisis Thesis Statement Modern Portfolio Defined Prior Research Prediction Method…………………………………………………….........................................................8-9 Parameters/ Source of Portfolios Results……………………………………………………......................................................10-19 A. Application/ graphs Conclusion…………………………………………...............………………………............19-20 Restatement of Thesis Discussion of Results Limitations Recommendation References……………………………………………………………………...
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...Summary vs Executive Summary Summary and Executive summary are two terms that are used quite often in education and business areas differently. A summary is a short or a brief account, sometimes elaborate too of the various events of a play. An executive summary on the other hand is a term used in business for a short document that summarizes a longer report, especially a business report. An executive summary is normally a condensed version of the full business document. Hence it needs skill on the part of the writer to execute an executive summary. On the other hand a summary should give salient features of any given aspect of a novel, or a short story or a play. This is the difference between a summary and an executive summary. You can write a summary of any particular episode of a novel or any other fiction written by Jane Austen. The particular summary should contain the various events of the episode in a nutshell or briefly. On the other hand an executive summary should be written in non-technical language. This is the main difference between the two. An executive summary should necessarily have a conclusion. On the other hand a conclusion is not necessary while writing a summary of a play or any scene of a play. An executive summary should ultimately make a business recommendation. No such intention is included in the writing of a summary. An executive summary should contain short and concise paragraphs. On the other hand a summary need not have short and concise paragraphs...
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...AuditQuality Agency theory and the role of audit The Audit Quality Forum comprises representatives of the audit profession, investors, business and regulators who have an interest in high quality and confidence in the independent audit. a Q AuditQuality a Q The Audit Quality Forum brings together representatives of auditors, investors, business and regulatory bodies. Its purpose is to encourage stakeholders to work together by promoting open and constructive dialogue in order to contribute to the work of government and regulators and by generating practical ideas for further enhancing confidence in the independent audit. The initial focus of the Forum was to improve audit transparency and support shareholder involvement in the audit process. At its meeting in May 2005 the Forum agreed to explore a broader agenda which will examine the relationships between shareholders, boards, auditors, regulators and other stakeholders in the audit. Anyone interested in providing feedback on this paper should send their comments to louise.maslen@icaew.co.uk. Further information on the Audit Quality Forum, the current work programme and how to get involved is available at www.icaew.co.uk/auditquality or contact 020 7920 8493. © December 2005 Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales Dissemination of the contents of this paper is encouraged. Please give full acknowledgement of source when reproducing extracts in other published works. No responsibility for any person...
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...“Personal Portfolio Management”. I shall be pleased to thank you for assigning me such an interesting topic. While dealing with the topic, I have gone through different books on portfolio management, local and international research papers, national dailies, annual reports, stock market websites and other world wide webs. It is a great pleasure for me that I have got a practical orientation with portfolio management and the relevant finance theories. Though I have tried my best to include all deserving and relevant information and discussion in the report, it might be considered insufficient to your expertise. But I think you would be generous enough to evaluate the report with a merciful look considering my attempt and effort. Sincerely Yours, Mohammad Munir Hossen MBA-EVENING ID No. 10814062 Department of Accounting & Information Systems University of Dhaka TAble of contents |SL. No. |Topic |Page | | |Executive Summary |v | |1 |Introduction |6 | |2 |Objective of the Study: |6 | |3 |Methodology of the Study: ...
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...National Markets / Performance Mini Case Summary International Portfolio Theory and Diversification Group 5 Kristin Hanselmann, Anna Ivaniuk, Lalita Pongpitakwises, Christian Seemann Fachhochschule Mainz - MA.IB International Finance March 2013 K. Hanselmann, A. Ivaniuk, L. Pongpitakwises, C. Seemann International Portfolio Theory and Diversification 1/35 Introduction Diversification / Risk Internationalizing Portfolio National Markets / Performance Mini Case Summary Introduction Christian Seemann International Portfolio Theory and Diversification 2/35 Introduction Diversification / Risk Internationalizing Portfolio National Markets / Performance Mini Case Summary Agenda Introduction International Diversification and Risk Internationalizing the Domestic Portfolio National Markets and Asset Performance Mini Case Summary 1 2 3 4 5 6 Christian Seemann International Portfolio Theory and Diversification 3/35 Introduction Diversification / Risk Internationalizing Portfolio National Markets / Performance Mini Case Summary Introduction Multinational Business Finance Part 5 - Foreign Investment Decisions Chapter 17 Pages 432 – 451 Christian Seemann International Portfolio Theory and Diversification 4/35 Introduction Diversification / Risk Internationalizing Portfolio National Markets / Performance Mini Case Summary International Diversification and Risk Kristin...
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...payment transactions is the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Number 123 revised which supersedes SFAS#123 and Accounting Principles Board opinion No. 25. SFAS#123R requires all publicly traded companies that issue stock options in place of wages to base the compensation cost on the fair value of the option when it is granted and to report the estimated compensation expense on their income statements. The standard allows companies to use either the fair value method created by Fisher Black and Scholes or the binomial lattice model. Both models use the current stock price, risk-free rate of interest, the strike price which is the price that the employee can buy the company stock at, the dividend yield, volatility of company’s stock price and the terms of the option as inputs (Schroeder, Clark, & Cathey, 2005). The fair value of the option granted to the employee will be evaluated annually to the end of the vesting period of the option. Non-public companies are also required to use the fair value method for pricing options, unless there is no way to measure that value. In its place private companies can use their industry sector index as a measure for valuing options. This standard was put into place because APB opinion #25 allowed companies not to report compensation cost at the granting of the option and the original SFAS#123 only required companies to disclose compensation cost in the footnotes and voluntarily in the financial statements based on their intrinsic costs...
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...Mekelle University College of Business and Economics Department of Accounting and Finance THE DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE Evidence from Commercial Banks in Ethiopia By K i b ro m M e h a ri F i s s e h a Reg.No.-CBE/PR0025/01 Research Project Submitted to the Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business and Economics, Mekelle University, for the partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Finance and Investment Under the Guidance of Aregawi Gebremichael (Ph.D. Candidate) Assistant Professor May, 2010 Mekelle, Ethiopia i THE DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE Evidence from Commercial Banks in Ethiopia By Kibrom Mehari Fisseha Reg. No. CBE/PR0025/01 ii DECLARATION I, Kibrom Mehari Fisseha, hereby declare that the project work entitled “The Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Ethiopia” submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Science in Finance and Investment of Mekelle University, is original work and it hasn’t been presented for the award of any other Degree, Diploma, Fellowship or other similar titles of any other university or institution. Place: Mekelle Signature: Date: May, 2010 ………………….. KIBROM MEHARI FISSEHA iii CERTIFICATION I certify that the project work entitled “The Determinants of Capital Structure” is a bona-fide work of Mr. Kibrom Mehari who carried out the research under my guidance. Certified further, that to the best of my...
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...[pic] |1.1 PRELUDE | Financial Structure is the framework of various types of financing employed by a Oil company to acquire and support resources necessary for its operations, commonly, it comprises of stockholders’ investments, long- term loans, short-term loans and short-term liabilities as reflected on the right hand side of the Oil company balance sheet. Financial Structure is different from capital structure in the sense that it also includes current liabilities. Therefore, financial structure is the combination of two main components 1) Capital structure and 2) Current liabilities. To provide an understanding of the concept of financial structure in Oil sector specifically capital structure of Padma Oil Company Limited, the balance sheet, debt and equity, working capital, cost of capital and opportunity cost are need to be explained. The capital structure is how an Oil company finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. It is a mix of a company’s long-term debt, specific short-term debt, common equity and preferred equity. Debt comes in the form of bond issues or long-term notes payable, while equity is classified as common stock, preferred stock or retained earnings. Short-term debt such as working capital requirements is also considered part of the capital structure...
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...or electronic form. EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY Use of Theses This copy is the property of the Edith Cowan University. However the literary rights of the author must also be respected. If any passage from this thesis is quoted or closely paraphrased in a paper or written work prepared by the user, the source of the passage must be acknowledged in the work. If the use desires to publish a paper or written work containing passages copied or closely paraphrased from this thesis, which passages would in total constitute an infringing copy for the purposes of the Copyright Act, he or she must first obtain the written permission of the author to do so. USERS AND ACCOUNTING INFORMATION PREFERENCES OF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT FINANCIAL REPORTS by Helen R Mignot B (Bus) A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of Business (Accounting) at the Faculty of Business Edith Cowan University Date of Submission: 05 February 1996 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DEDICATION I wish to thank all those who provided...
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