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Fire Spread

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Submitted By ghost11
Words 1381
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Fire Spread

By: John Williams

Abstract

A fire is a rapidly moving element that can spread quickly from one building to another. In the event a fire ignites, firefighters must be aware of the factors that cause a fire to spread quickly and work to prevent those elements from aiding in the fuel of the fire. Fire spreads by three causes: convection, conduction and radiation.

Fire control (or fire fighting) consists of depriving a fire of fuel (Reducing Agent), oxygen (Oxidizing Agent), heat and/or the chemical chain reaction that are necessary to sustain itself or re-kindle (also known as the four components of the fire tetrahedron). Firefighters are equipped with a wide variety of equipment to accomplish this task. Some of their tools include ladder trucks, pumper trucks, tanker trucks, fire hose, and fire extinguishers. Very frequent training and refresher training is required. Structure fires may be attacked, generally, either by "interior" or "exterior" resources, or both. Interior crews, using the "two-in, two out" rule, may advance hose lines inside the building, find the fire and cool it with water. Exterior crews may direct water into windows or other openings, or against other nearby fuels exposed to the initial fire. A proper command structure will plan and coordinate the various teams and equipment to safely execute each tactic. Most fire operations employ an offensive strategy which emphasizes the rapid stretching of hoselines for an aggressive interior attack on the seat of the fire.
Engine company tactics at most structure fires are to stretch a hoseline via the primary means of egress (main entrance to the building), connect to a hydrant and attack the fire (FDNY 1997). A defensive strategy may be employed,

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