...Hunter has lived in Flint, Michigan, for the better part of 60 years, but recently things have changed. "You feel like sitting ducks here," said Hunter, a co-owner of the West Flint Flower Shop. She's not referring to the threat of guns or terrorists: Flint residents are afraid of their water. High levels of lead have plagued Flint's municipal water supply for at least a year, prompting extensive emergency measures to keep residents safe. Flint returning to Detroit water amid lead concerns On Tuesday, Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder declared a state of emergency for Genesee County as a result of the water crisis. The U.S. attorney's office for the Eastern District of Michigan is also investigating, office spokeswoman Gina Balaya...
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... Sarah Seeley Comp 101 2/22/16 Flint Michigan Lead Exposure (Environmental Racism) The water crisis in Flint, Michigan is instance of environmental racism, because if it were a higher economic, non-minority group of people, this case wouldn’t even be taking place. This issue could have been prevented years ago if not prevented then at least worked on. Imagine if it were New York City? with a more diverse and stable group of individuals. According to the Detroit Free Press majority of all the Flint residents paid water rates. Flint residents paid the highest water rates in America even as their water was tainted with lead, according to a national study released Tuesday by the public interest group Food and Water Watch. A survey of the 500 largest water systems in the country, conducted last year, found that on average, Flint residents paid about $864 a year for water service, nearly double the national average and about three-and-a-half times as much as Detroiters pay. The figure is based on an annual household consumption of 60,000 gallons. Ailene Butler an African activist who lived in Flint for 18-20 years was asked, “why she and her neighbors had not moved away,” Butler pointed out that discriminatory real estate practices particularly redlining had trapped black people in the North End.” So even the residents wanted to escape they were financially trapped. According to the LA times, the flint toxic water crisis was 50 years in the making. Likewise, with...
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...On January 16, 2016, the city of Flint, Michigan was declared in a state of emergency after it was discovered that the city’s water contained dangerous amounts of lead. After a switch in water supply in April 2014, the number of children in Flint with elevated lead levels in their blood nearly doubled from 2013 to 2015 (Newland 2016). The Flint water crisis attracted national attention and led to a class-action lawsuit filed by city residents. Many Americans were shocked that the land of opportunity could fail the residents of Flint so badly. Many also pointed out that such a problem would not be likely in a more affluent area of the United States. While the United States is not lacking in quality water, the infrastructure delivering water...
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...given current environmental crises like global warming and municipal water system failures. The common theme of corrupt corporations seeking to make money at the expense of human health continues to play out on a national and global scale. Erin Brockovich sheds light on the public health issue of clean drinking water, something most view as a human right. It’s a film that many can relate to and can serve as a case study in Environmental Law and Public Health. Purpose of the Film The exact details which reveal why the film was made are unclear. Erin Brockovich mentions being approached by a writer and film studio in the 1990s, however, there is no mention of why they chose to tell her story. One can assume the writer and film studio felt the David and Goliath story of a small town legal secretary taking on a large corporation, was worthy of dramatizing. Their hunch was correct and the film was nominated for an Academy Award. Appropriate Audience This film would suit a wide range, from teens to the 60 plus crowd. There is some swearing so it's not appropriate for children; parents will have to decide if it's ok for their teenage children. Erin Brockovich is a great case study for those studying environmental law or public health. It’s also relevant to anyone studying business or ethics. The science has been called into question, yet the fundamentals of leading an inquiry into a community's drinking water remain relevant today. Public Health Issue Given recent developments...
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...agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum of 10% crown cover of trees and/or bamboo, generally associated with wild flora, fauna, and natural soil conditions, and not subject to agricultural practices” and deforestation as a “change of land use with a depletion of tree crown cover to less than 10% crown cover”. “A livelihood comprises the assets (natural, physical, human, financial and social capital), activities, and the access to...
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...Southwest Airlines Christopher Slusser Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract Southwest airlines are currently the dominating airliner in the United States. Many other companies have tried to join Southwest in their current dominance, but have not held up to their standards. This paper will take a deep look into what and how Southwest operates in order to keep themselves a head of the game. A broad explanation of their current management style and where they plan to be in the future will touched on. To be at the top, Southwest has taken an in depth strategic planning and the willingness to do the impossible. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..2 History……………………………………………………………………………4 Decision Making………………………………………………………………….5 Companies Strengths and weaknesses……………………………………………6 Short Term Goals…………………………………………………………………8 Long Term Goals…………………………………………………………………9 Ethics……………………………………………………………………………..9 Leadership………………………………………………………………………10 Performance Affected by Environment…………………………………………11 Threats…………………………………………………………………………...12 Opportunities…………………………………………………………………….13 Strengths…………………………………………………………………………14 Continuous Improvement………………………………………………………..15 Overall Strategy……………………………………………………………...…..17 Southwest Effect…………………………………………………………………18 Suggestions……………………………………………………………………....19 Southwest Airlines Southwest is an airline that was incorporated in Texas on June 8th, 1971. The company began their venture with...
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...Public Relations Cases This collection of contemporary international public relations case studies is an invaluable resource for teachers, researchers and students working in public relations, corporate communications and public affairs, as well as offering practitioners an indepth understanding of the effective use of public relations in a range of organizational contexts. Including cases from the UK, Norway, Sweden, Spain, South Africa, Canada and the USA, with a focus on such global corporations as Shell, BBC America, Worldcom, PriceWaterhouseCoopers and Marks & Spencer, it offers important insights into the development of public relations and communications strategies. These include: • • • • • • • • Corporate identity change and management Global reputation management Crisis management in the oil, shipping and tourism industries Developing strategic alliances between voluntary and private sector organizations Public relations support for international branding and market entry The importance of internal communications during international mergers The integration of public relations and marketing communications Business-to-business communication The cases examined in this book demonstrate the breadth of contemporary public relations practice and the increasing importance of the public relations function in both public and private sector organizations worldwide. Danny Moss is Co-Director of the Centre for Corporate and Public Affairs at the Manchester Metropolitan University...
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...! ! ! Group Project: Ethics of the Mining Industry Group 4 Business Ethics 04-71-300-02 Professor Singh Date submitted: March 19th, 2014 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !1 Executive Summary This report assesses the global mining industry from a business perspective. Firstly, it begins with the history of mining across the globe and the structure of the mining industry. It then analyzes the impacts of the mining industry globally. Lastly, it addresses the issues surrounding our land—the Canadian mining industry. The research shows that the history of mining goes as far as the Neolithic era. The mining value chain presented demonstrates the formation of a mining company to the extraction of the natural resources. Further investigation shows that the mining structure is an oligopoly. Methods of analysis include an environmental analysis using PEST and a stakeholder map, which focus on the performance of a world-renowned mining company TransAlta. The finding is that management’s role is to have efficiency and productivity while maintaining ethical practices. Ethical theories are then used to look at the social, environmental and economical impacts of the Canadian industry. It is concluded that each ethical theory presents a favorable solution to each impact. Social corporate responsibility is evaluated in the last ten years in Canada and around the globe. It is found that the industry has become one of the most safety-conscious industries within Canada. The companies still...
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...International Business Research Project: Butterfly effect of Japan´s disaster on global production Professor: Dr. Corrine Young Prepared by: Team 6 Alonzo, Marie Francoise Arango, Luisa Fernanda Darbinyan, Mkrtich Parparcén, Luis Felipe Salas, Ana Karina Solano, Pablo May 28th, 2011 INDEX Content Butterfly Effect of Japan´s Disaster on Global Production. 1- Japan Background a. The relevance of Japan in global production and supply chain b. Economical impact of the Japanese Disaster 2- Impact on global production in important industries a. Automobile Industry i. Toyota b. Electronics Industry 3- Collateral impacts of the disaster a. Increase in electricity costs b. Explanation of why the yen is so strong. i. Supply Chain ii. Cheap Investment iii. GDP Impact iv. Export Economy v. Currency vi. Monetary Policy 4- Innovation in supply Chain and the Disaster in Japan a. The Top 10 Supply Chain Innovations from 1880-1990 (1) b. Supply Chain Innovation c. Supply Chain Innovation - Environment d. Long-Term Disarray after Japan Disaster Conclusions Bibliography Butterfly Effect of Japan´s Disaster on Global Production. 1- Japan Background a. The relevance of Japan in global production and supply chain Japan is an island nation located...
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...International Business Research Project: Butterfly effect of Japan´s disaster on global production Professor: XXXXXXX Prepared by: Team X May 28th, 2011 INDEX Content Butterfly Effect of Japan´s Disaster on Global Production. 1- Japan Background a. The relevance of Japan in global production and supply chain b. Economical impact of the Japanese Disaster 2- Impact on global production in important industries a. Automobile Industry i. Toyota b. Electronics Industry 3- Collateral impacts of the disaster a. Increase in electricity costs b. Explanation of why the yen is so strong. i. Supply Chain ii. Cheap Investment iii. GDP Impact iv. Export Economy v. Currency vi. Monetary Policy 4- Innovation in supply Chain and the Disaster in Japan a. The Top 10 Supply Chain Innovations from 1880-1990 (1) b. Supply Chain Innovation c. Supply Chain Innovation - Environment d. Long-Term Disarray after Japan Disaster Conclusions Bibliography Butterfly Effect of Japan´s Disaster on Global Production. 1- Japan Background a. The relevance of Japan in global production and supply chain Japan is an island nation located at the East of Asia, in the Pacific Ocean. Its currency of legal course is the YEN (¥). Japan has the tenth largest populations in the...
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...The Sustainability Business Case for General Motors April 22, 2014 Master’s Project for the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment Team Rose Buss Heather Croteau Steven Davidson Carole Kerrey Janet Van De Winkle Faculty Advisor Professor Thomas Gladwin Abstract The purpose of this report is to evaluate and articulate the business case for sustainability for General Motors Company (GM). After assessing the company’s exposure to risk and opportunities, the team recommends that GM should implement an internal price on carbon and a sustainable supply chain strategy. These recommendations will provide GM with tangible and substantial financial benefit in addition to improved risk mitigation and brand value. Additionally, the team found that these recommendations are viable within GM’s corporate structure and can generate systemic benefits throughout the company. Thank you to our client, David Tulauskas, and our advisor, Professor Thomas Gladwin. Executive Summary 4 Introduction 6 Client GM Corporate Overview 7 Sustainability & General Motors Sustinability & the Auto Industry Green Ranking Systems 14 Competitor Trends 17 About the Project Proposal & Opportunities Scoping 26 22 Contents 11 Research GM Interviews 28 Conferences 31 Corporate Trends & Innovations Regulations & Legislative Activity Recommendations Recommendation Development Carbon Monetization 39 Sustainable Supply Chain Strategy 32 35 36 42 Supporting Statements Support...
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...cities generally (see pp. II-I2) , and there is certainly nothing to suggest that warfare inspired the foundation of Sumer's earliest cities, but there is plenty of evidence indicating that, once established, cities and the fruits of civilisation became important factors in the development of military power. The story of Sumer persuasively suggests that the advent of organised warfare probably began as the growing populations and falling agricultural production described at the end ofthe last chapter combined to create severe food shortages on the plains of Mesopotamia, and one desperate city attempted to seize the reserves of another. Furthennore, as Sumer water engineering approached its geographical and technologicallimits, as irrigation canals became larger and longer, every new withdrawal from the rivers began to affect the water supply of cities 51...
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...Active School Shooter Introduction The intention of this paper is to look at and present some issues and strategies that members of a school community think about when trying to create safer schools. Particularly when addressing an active shooter in a school setting. A major issue to consider when trying to keep all schools safe, is the simple fact that no two schools are the same. Understanding this can lead us to the conclusion that it is impossible to have one global plan or program that can be 100% effective in all schools. “Violence prevention programs work best when they incorporate multiple strategies and address the full range of possible acts of violence in schools. For any set of policies to work, it must be established and implemented with the full participation and support of school board members, administrators, parents, students, community members, emergency response personnel, and law enforcement.” (Kramen, 2008.) If these responsibilities were not shared, the success rate for safe school policies would be very low. Parents send their children to school and think that during that time they are studying and doing other productive, educational things. The last thing parents expect is something terrible happening to their child while at school. School violence is happening more frequently than it should and something needs to be done to stop it. Not only does an act of school violence, especially a school shooting, affect the individual student it reflects poorly...
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...Long-term Finance and Economic Growth Working Group on Long-term Finance The views expressed in this report are those of the Working Group on Long-term Finance and do not necessarily represent the views of the individual members of the Group of Thirty. ISBN 1-56708-160-6 Copies of this paper are available for $49 from: The Group of Thirty 1726 M Street, N.W., Suite 200 Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel.: (202) 331-2472 E-mail: info@group30.org; www.group30.org Long-term Finance and Economic Growth Published by Group of Thirty© Washington, D.C. 2013 Table of Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Glossary .............................................................................................................................................................................................6 Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................8 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................................................10 Working Group on Long-term Finance ................................................................................................................
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...The Pitt Building Trumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1RP United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Cambridge University Press 1996 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1996 Third printing 1997 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge ISBN 0 521 49767 1 Self-Study Student`s Book ISBN 0 521 49766 3 Set of 2 cassettes Copyright The law allows a reader to make a single copy of part of a book for purposes of private study. It does not allow the copying of entire books or the making of multiple copies of extracts. Written permission for any such copying must always be obtained from the publisher in advance. iv Contents Acknowledgements iv Introduction 1 Practice Test 1 12 Practice Test 2 34 Practice Test 3 54 Practice Test 4 75 General Training Reading and Writing Modules Tapescripts Answer keys 94 107 130 Sample answer sheets 153 iii v Acknowledgements We would like to thank the staff and students of the following institutions for their assistance in trialling these materials: Wollongong English Language Centre;...
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