...greatest and most grotesque lethal pandemics that’s struck the earth in human history. This pandemic the “Spanish Flu” spread so rapidly and had an extremely high mortality rate. This was caused by the close contact of humans and poor cleanliness and sanitation, and the host (virus) and the body taking harsh action to excrete the “invader”. The Great Influenza of 1918 the “Spanish Flu” started in birds as in all influenzas. The virus mutated through other animals and then had the right genes to make human to human contact possible with high transferability. The virus is so gruesome and causes your body to react so violently that it tears the tissue in the lungs, and basically causes you to drown in your own blood. Victims would even turn dark blue because of lack of oxygen because of restricted breathing caused by blood in lungs and air passageways. Medical officials could not even identify some of the victims as white or negro, because of discoloration of skin. Victims would also turn extremely white, and have blood excrete from mouth and nasal passages. This caused mass turmoil and death, people were buried in mass graves and over 50 million died of this flu in a 2 year period, and brought great awareness to disease and importance of health and hygiene. William Henry Welch the most powerful individual in the history of American medicine and one of the most knowledgeable was worried of how vicious the Spanish flu is. The Spanish flu...
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...The Spanish Flu was the most devastating pandemic our world has ever seen. Even though few medical records exist, historians believe that 20 – 100 million people were killed by this flu. Despite the number of deaths and the severity and geographic reach of this disease, it merits little attention in the history books. Today one of our greatest medical threats is AIDS. The Spanish Flu is exponential compared to AIDS casualties (Gloria). The Spanish Flu of 1918-19 affected our world like no other disease in history. It changed the ways people sought medical help, the ways physicians treated illness, the role of medical researchers and how society, particularly medical and political leaders respond to pandemic diseases. Influenza is a unique respiratory viral disease infecting the whole respiratory tract-namely, the nose, sinuses, the throat, lungs, and even the middle ear. The disease spreads from person to person by airborne droplets produced when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. Acute symptoms of influenza, including fever, headache, shivering, muscle pain, cough, and pneumonia, are the result of the virus replicating in the respiratory tract, in which infected cells die and slough off (Rosenberg). The Spanish Flu got its name from newspaper reports of that period. It was thought that the influenza infection was carried form Asia to Spain during World War I. During WWI Spain remained neutral and the government did not censor the press. Spanish papers were filled...
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...3 Famous Pandemics 35,110,000. That’s about how many deaths have been caused by just three pandemics. The 1918 Flu Pandemic, Ebola, and the Black Death are three of the most deadly, and well known pandemics to ever hit our world. The 1918 Flu pandemic killed about 35 million people. Some believed that this pandemic was invincible, and they certainly had the right to believe that. There weren’t any drugs or vaccines to help fight this pandemic. According to History.com “BLACK DEATH”,“A flu pandemic, such as the one in 1918, occurs when an especially virulent influenza strain for which there’s little or no immunity appears and spreads quickly from person-to-person around the globe.” This pandemic came in three waves, the first wave was in the spring of 1918 and was fairly mild. The second wave was much more intense and came in the fall of 1918 killing many more people than the first wave. The third wave wrapped it up ended the pandemic in the summer of 1919. This pandemic had several effects on communities, businesses, and the...
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...There are many viruses that has made a huge impact on humans over the course of time, but one of the common virus that was well known in the 1800s was the 1918 Influenza virus. The Influenza Virus of 1918 was a very serious and dreadful virus that is often called the “Global Disaster.” This virus had made a lot of adults and children get very ill or sick and often leading to death. The Influenza virus was most current during the Great War in Europe of the year 1918. The Influenza Virus of 1918 was a very serious and dreadful virus, and is one of the most dangerous virus out during the time of 1918 (Virus.Stanford.edu.) Influenza Virus of 1918, was a big kill threat to elderly people ( 65 likely to die ) and very young children about the age of ( 1 year or younger...and often times older, ) but the flu was most commonly a threat of ages 15 to 65. The Great War of 1918, was a time when the Americans were finally going to war against Germans to win ( Virus.Stanford.edu.) This was also a time were the Americans were in trenches with the worst conditions and viruses developed all throughout...
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...Ebola’s Effects on the Economy The Ebola virus is a deadly, contagious disease that spreads via contact with bodily fluids of someone who is infected and exhibiting symptoms. Since it’s introduction in 1976, the virus has resurfaced 14 times, the most recent being the outbreak in the West African countries. (Legrand et al., 2007) While the effects on the health of the general public are the most prevalent in society, Ebola also has several economic impacts: public paranoia, implementation of new public policy, and decreases population. Once Ebola spreads to a country, the general mentality of the public becomes paranoid that they are susceptible to the disease wherever they go. This fear of contagion can cause people to stop showing up for work altogether to avoid all risks of infection. This decrease in supply of labor leads to a decrease in output, or a decrease in the size of the production possibility frontier because the country does not have the labor capital to be as productive as it was before. A decrease in the PPF is reflected in a decrease in the gross domestic product of the country. The government suffers from this decrease in GDP because it is no longer receiving as much tax revenue as it was before because it has fewer goods to tax. Another effect of this behavior aversion is a decreased demand of normal goods due to low expectations of income in the near future. The less people think they will earn in the future, the less they will spend now. This decrease...
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...Assignment --- Population Questions Canada experienced an increase of births during WWII while during WWI it experienced a decline. There are three reasons for that. Firstly, a larger percentage of Canadian men went overseas during WWI than in WWII, and many more lost their lives: 60,661 in WWI; 42,042 in WWII. Moreover, in August 1918, almost as many Canadian were killed by a worldwide influenza epidemic as fell victim to enemy fire during the war. Both calamities reduced the numbers of Canadians in child-producing age groups. Secondly, while WWI followed a period of prosperity and high fertility, WWII followed the Depression. People had been postponing having families in the 1930s, and those in a position to start having children during WWII were eager to do so. Lastly, Canada's economy got a bigger boost from WWII than from WWI. As a result, Canadian incomes rose, and rising incomes always mean increased demand for everything, including children. It is always a advantage to be part of a small cohort, you can study in a smaller class at school and therefore had more attention from the teacher. And when it is time to go out to work, there are fewer competitors for what jobs are available. So, people can find a job easier. Foot believed elderly women would be particularly vulnerable during the late 20th century, because women live six years longer than men, on average. So when their husband died, they are still living in the world. Therefore, their children have to take the...
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...Flu of 1918 Literature & Communications Flu of 1918 Introduction/Thesis Do you know what disease took more lives than World I and II, The Korean War, and the Vietnam War all together? It was the Flu of 1918. The Flu of 1918 is an Infectious disease that caused a worldwide fear. It killed thousands upon thousands of people, and it helped us learn how some diseases spread. I. Health A. Symptoms B. II. Economy A. Where did it hit first B. What did it do to city life? III. Education A. When did they shut down schools and how long. B. Did the Flu affect the school system? IV. Environmental/Ecology A. Did it affect the animals? B. Did it affect the plants? V. Other types of Flu A. B. Conclusion Do you know what disease took more lives than World I and II, The Korean War, and the Vietnam War all together? It was the Flu of 1918. The Flu of 1918 is an Infectious disease that caused a worldwide fear. It killed thousands upon thousands of people, and it helped us learn how some diseases spread. The victims of the 1918 Spanish flu suffered greatly. Within hours of feeling the first symptoms of extreme fatigue, fever, and headache, victims would start turning blue. Sometimes the blue color became so pronounced that it was difficult to determine a patient's original skin color. The patients would cough with such force that some even tore their abdominal muscles. Foamy blood exited from their mouths and noses. A few bled from their ears...
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...The 1918 Influenza Epidemic Have you ever wondered why it’s so important to get vaccinated for the flu and what is so dangerous about it? Well, the influenza epidemic of 1918 was fatal and disastrous because many people died and suffered through a lot of pain. People also perished because they lost many family members and/or friends. The 1918 influenza epidemic was very devastating. In the text at http://www.influenzaarchive.org/cities/city-chicago.html# it states, “...the Windy City experienced a staggering 38,000 cases of influenza and over 13,000 cases of pneumonia.” By the middle of October, the influenza infected Chicago, Peoria, Kankakee, and Rockford (which are all cities in Illinois). By the end of October, Chicago was reporting 10,000 new cases each week. The 1918 epidemic killed more ten times more people than in World War I. Also, the...
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...The Spanish flu pandemic, otherwise called the Influenza of 1918, was recognized at first as a flu pandemic in Spain. Afterward, it spread around the world and killed approximatively 50 million people between March 1918 and the spring of 1919. The flu of 1918 killed more people than World War One . The war served as an ally of the disease. The Flu could easily spread across the entire world by the trade routes, shipping lines and by accompanying soldiers from their native country to the battlefield and infecting everything in its travel. The Spanish Flu is known as the most devastating worldwide epidemic of the history . It lasted one year and infected the third of the world’s population (around 500 million person). One fifth of the world was...
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...The type a influenza viruses are negative strand RNA viruses of the genus Orthomyxoviridae. This form of the influenza virus is one of the most common and circulates among populations in yearly seasonal epidemics where new virus strains occasionally emerge in the form of pandemics due to their ability to constantly evolve (Taubenberger, 2006). Such pandemics arise when a “disease epidemic occurs worldwide, or over a very widespread area, crossing international boundaries consequently usually affecting a large proportion of people” (Last, 2001). Throughout the twentieth century only three influenza pandemics were noted; in 1918 (H1N1), 1957 (H2N2), and 1968 (H2N2) (Taubenberger, 2006). Of these three pandemics, the influenza pandemic of 1918, or more commonly known as the “Spanish” flu pandemic was the most...
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...The Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919 The Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919 is said to be the Mother of all Pandemics. A Pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease. It occurs when a influenza virus emerges and spreads around the world. About one third of the whole world’s population was infected by the epidemic.“All influenza A pandemics since that time have been caused by descendants of the 1918 virus.” (1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan. 2006)The cause of the influenza links to“ avian and swine influenza were unknown.” It has been one of the world’s worst sicknesses recorded by man. There were two waves of the epidemic. The first wave of the sickness started in the spring of 1918 and was mild. The people...
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...Spanish Flu; Swine Flu History will always repeat itself. In many events it has been proven fact. There are many examples of this; some would say the landing of Christopher Columbus and the Holocaust, others might say the Columbine Massacre and the several school shootings that followed that. But the most eerie and coincidental reoccurrence is the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the H1N1 ‘Swine Flu’ outbreak. By the fall of 1918 a strain of influenza seemingly no different from that of previous years suddenly turned so deadly, and engendered such a state of panic and chaos in communities across the globe, that many people believed the world was coming to an end. It would later be characterized as a human-to-human transmissible case of swine flu. The virus struck with amazing speed, often killing its victims within just hours of the first signs of infection. So fast did the 1918 strain overwhelm the body's natural defenses, that the usual cause of death in influenza patients---a secondary infection of lethal pneumonia---oftentimes never had a chance to establish itself. Instead, the virus caused an uncontrollable hemorrhaging that filled the lungs, and patients would drown in their own body fluids. Not only was the Spanish Flu (as it came to be known) strikingly virulent, but it displayed an unusual preference in its choice of victims---tending to select young healthy adults over those with weakened immune systems, as in the very young, the very old, and the infirm...
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...The word ‘flu’ doesn’t scare many people, in fact most just see it as an inconvenience that is not that much worse than any other common illness and can be easily prevented. But it has not always been this way, in fact the virus has caused many very fatal pandemics across the world. It is still a very big threat to people today, as the virus is constantly evolving, along with it’s vaccines. Just last year in North Carolina alone, it killed over 137 people from October to January. Throughout time, the influenza virus has evolved and different strains have spread across the globe. This has been the cause of some of the worst pandemics the world has seen, and has led to the development and constantly changing vaccines available today. The flu...
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...| Spanish Flu | Crisis Management | Table of Contents Introduction Page 2 What is Spanish Flu and what happened during the pandemic? Page 2 How the situation was handled in 1918 Page 2-3 Impacts from the Spanish Flu Page 3-4 Impacts of mass gathering Page 4-5 Crisis Management Page 5 Additional information that may have arose from research Page 5-6 Recommendations Page 6-7 How the Hospitality sector should act Page 7 Hotel Response Plan Page 8-9 Sample Guest Letter Page 9 Conclusion Page 9 References Page 10-11 Appendices Page 12 Introduction Spanish flu in the year 1918 was a pandemic crisis that greatly affected everyone worldwide. To this day researchers are still studying the influenza pandemic and are working to counter future pandemics. When the Spanish flu came it created many negative impacts to the daily lives of the citizens and industries. Learning from the past, there are many recommendations that industries should implement in order to counter the spreading of a future oncoming pandemic. Crisis management is important during such a deadly situation and every business should create a plan. This document talks about what is Spanish flu and how should it affected the hospitality industry. This document also talks about what steps hotels should take during a pandemic. What is Spanish Flu and what happened during the pandemic? Spanish flu is an avian flu that occurred...
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...H1N1 Swine Flu Top of Form History will always repeat itself. In many events it has been proven fact. There are many examples of this; some would say the landing of Christopher Columbus and the Holocaust, others might say the Columbine Massacre and the several school shootings that followed that. But the most eerie and coincidental reoccurrence is the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the H1N1 ‘Swine Flu’ outbreak. By the fall of 1918 a strain of influenza seemingly no different from that of previous years suddenly turned so deadly, and engendered such a state of panic and chaos in communities across the globe, that many people believed the world was coming to an end. It would later be characterized as a human-to-human transmissible case of swine flu. The virus struck with amazing speed, often killing its victims within just hours of the first signs of infection. So fast did the 1918 strain overwhelm the body's natural defenses, that the usual cause of death in influenza patients---a secondary infection of lethal pneumonia---oftentimes never had a chance to establish itself. Instead, the virus caused an uncontrollable hemorrhaging that filled the lungs, and patients would drown in their own body fluids. Not only was the Spanish Flu (as it came to be known) strikingly virulent, but it displayed an unusual preference in its choice of victims---tending to select young healthy adults over those with weakened immune systems, as in the very young, the very old,...
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