...HS 383 Dr. Geib March 8, 2011 Paper 2 The American Soldier, 1860-1920 The philosophy and makeup of the United States military underwent more drastic changes during the sixty years between the outbreak of the Civil War and the conclusion of World War I. During this time period, the military went from small, localized, unprofessional and poorly trained groups to large, centralized, professional military units that rivaled the best militaries in the world. The transition of the U.S. Military started when the United States’ foreign policy increased their interests worldwide following the Civil War, engaging in conflicts in both the Caribbean and in Asia, culminating when the United States entered World War I not in their own interest, but rather in the interest of protecting European allies. This signaled the U.S.’s new role as a world power that has interests in global stability and maintaining strong alliances. However, none of these military advancements would have been likely to take place had the initial priority to increase military operations hadn’t occurred solely to preserve the Union. The Civil War began with the bombardment of Fort Sumter in April 1861, but both the Union and Confederate armies were not prepared to fight a ground war at that time, as armies had to be raised, mobilized, trained, and supplied for the upcoming war. The first ground battle of the war, the Battle of Bull Run, was not fought until more than three months after the attack on...
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...HIUS 380 April 13, 2015 Strategies and Tactics Utilized in World War II By the middle of the 1900’s, America was again involved with wars ravaging a majority of the world. The scale of the battlefield would cause the United States to face enemies with completely different combat styles, technologies, and motivations to go to war. Throughout the late 1800’s and early 1900’s the United States would be tested repeatedly. The experiences learned in the Spanish-American War and World War I would changes the way the United States would conduct combat operations. The complacency of the United States in its victories would lead to a lack of preparation for the tenacity and intensity that would be unleashed against this country by her would be enemies. Strategies and tactics of combat were rapidly evolving during the post-World War I period as new technologies and motivations to go to war evolved. The German government, led by Adolph Hitler began to re-arm itself, in direct opposition to the Treaty of Versailles, in order to take back the territory it lost to Poland (American History 2008). The immediate response of Europe was one of capitulation and promise that the Germans would not pursue additional acts of aggression. Within six months the German war machine was marching on Czechoslovakia. On September 3, 1939, the countries of France and England formally declared war on Germany. The largest war in history was underway. The United States, looking to avoid another “great...
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...World War II: The American Experience Kristi Dodd History/120 November 13, 2014 Christina Winn World War II: The American Experience It is no known secret that America attempted to reframe from becoming a part of what was projected as being a major war which started with the European culture. Historians believe that the second war was a contribution of the Great Depression which caused for America to seize from their investments in Europe. This caused for a struggle of power in Europe which provide an opportunity for Hitler and Stalin to obtain control over Europe. However receiving control over Britain would become a challenge. The prime minister at that time knew in order to survive he would need an alliance; the United States. With Germany, Italy, and Japan seizing majority of Europe, President Roosevelt agreed to support Britain in the war in order to promote the “Four Freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom for want, and freedom for fear” (Schultz, 2012). With the booming of Pearl Harbor on December 7, President Roosevelt requested that Congress declare war. The beginning of World War II took place right after war was declared by the Congress and with Hitler also declaring war on the United States. The Military Experience At the Casablanca Conference held in Casablanca, Morocco in January 1943; the decision was made to invade Italy. The Allies had their first war conference to discuss the invasion. This launched the Italian Campaign which placed...
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...focus on the day to day military or civilian life in wartime without necessarily depicting battles. War film may be fictional, based on history, biographical, alternative history, or even docudrama. Many historical events particularly since mid 1800’s to the end of the cold war have inspired this film genre. The shifting political climate in America in the last half of the 1930’s for instance influenced the rise of the war film genre (Maland 159). War films more often than not been categorized as wartime propagandas other than classic war films or historical documents. Maland also describes the shift of attention was a change in the Communist party's political strategy that influenced war films during that era. War films that rose in the Second World War era were particularly very much associated with war propaganda. Why we Fight (1942-1945), Air force (1943) and Men at War (1957) are three war films from this time that were thought to be tools of wartime propaganda. A famous actor during that era, Charlie Chaplin, depicted the role of Adolf Hitler in the war film The Great Dictator. "After the war broke out- and during the time Chaplin was shooting The Great Dictator- American public opinion gradually began shifting from an isolationist to an interventionist position" (Maland 163). The three are all American war films made in the Second World War era. During this time (1940s), the American film industry had reached its peak, there was a new studio system and major production...
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...Jr. Excelsior College M3A1: Diversity in the Military ABSTRACT The injection of our service members into diverse cultures around the world has been and continues to be one of the important missions the Navy accomplishes as part of international relations on behalf of the Nation. The advent of near instantaneous communication of good and bad performance results via cellphone, video camera, Internet and news outlets have proven that there is little room for mistakes in this theatre of operations. People around the world form opinions about our Nation and our Force from these media sources; opinions that may be hard to overcome when the feet of our Sailors hit the shores of their country. The conflicts that our Nation is involved with around the world, now and in the future, require us to be a diverse force that provides a positive image demonstrating the intended positive result to the people with whom we interact. This paper discusses the history, the current policies and the potential future results of diversity efforts in United States Navy (USN). Using readily available resources, I will discuss how diversity has strengthened the Navy over the course of the past two centuries and the potential effect as we plot our course into the future. Our Navy history made stronger through diversity Our Navy’s history is filled with ordinary people from diverse backgrounds who came together for the common cause of assuring our Nations security and protecting...
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...Guadalcanal History Essay Rachel Allen Mrs. Bratt English 10 Research Paper The Battle of Guadalcanal Our past history has changed the way we live, even today. It has changed the way our society is and how it reacts to a lot of things. The battle of Guadalcanal also changed the way we live, the way we go to war, and the way we react to war. This battle took the Americans six months to win for the Allies. It was the turning point of World War Two and it impacted the outcome of the war. Guadalcanal was an important place to keep for the Allies because if the Japanese took it, then they would cut off the sea route to Australia, and ultimately communication with Australia. Before the Allies got to Guadalcanal they had heard that the Japanese were working on an airfield, which is now called Henderson airfield, that was being built on the island. The airfield there would help with the Japanese defense, so the Allies knew that they had to defeat them at Guadalcanal. While traveling to Guadalcanal three carriers gave air support, which were the Saratoga, Wasp, and the Enterprise. All three carriers would help defeat the Japanese in the air (Trueman, “The Battle of Guadalcanal”). This event impacted the whole world because if the Japanese ended up finishing the airfield, they possibly could’ve won the war, along with Germany and Italy. If the battle of Guadalcanal never happened we would have lost the war, and Japan, Germany, and Italy could have taken over us. Our world is different...
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...After World War II, tension growing between the United States and USSR during the late 1900’s became known as the Cold War. Dominating International affairs was one of the reasons for the Cold War, while weapons of mass destruction became known as one of the main concerns. The Cold War had two main superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union. Neither Nation fought against each other, but they did fight for their beliefs throughout client states (Truman). On June 5, 1967 until the 10th of the same month there was a war called the Six Day War. Israel was supported by the United States to combat the Arab, including the countries of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, and Algeria, because Israel saw them as a threat. The Arab countries surrounding Israel allied, and the war between Arabs and Israel began. The war provides a perfect...
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...Introduction “Police history” predates the evolution of the “police” as a permanent occupational group within a bureaucratic institution, providing the primary state response to crime and disorder. That was primarily a development of the 19th century and a reaction to the rapid social change of the industrial revolution and rapid urbanization. Prior to 1800, governments maintained order by a variety of means, local and national. One of the key historical debates concerns the effectiveness of these approaches and the degree of continuity between the premodern and modern police models. Around 1800 a small number of distinctively different types of police institution emerged. The French, under Napoleon, instituted the Gendarmerie, a state military police model. It evolved from the “Marechaussee,” which had had a dual military and civil function since the 16th century. The model was exported across Europe by Napoleon. The British developed two models. The first, set up to answer similar challenges to the Gendarmerie in France, was the Royal Irish Constabulary model. It was close to the state military model, but distinctively styled as part of the civil power of the state and subordinated to the Magistracy. The Irish model was subsequently exported to Britain’s colonies and became the basis of forces such as the Indian Police Service. The Metropolitan Police was consciously created as a local force with a uniform that was deliberately different from the military and a mission that...
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...MODERN AMERICAN MILITARY HISTORY JULY 27, 2015 There have been many innovations developed as a result of World War Two (WWII). Many of those innovations and technologies were pushed forward in to high gear because of the need created by warfare. All types of items such as a proximity fuse (used to detonate bombs & Anti-Aircraft shells), significant advances in tanks, amphibious mobile troop carriers (DUKW), new designed aircraft carriers took over the old World War One battleships, were a direct product from the conflict. The development of the RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging) played a crucial role during the Battle of Britain in World War Two for the British air forces. At a time where the British only had available to them a total of 800 aircraft to try to hold back the German in which had an air force with over 3,000 planes at their ready. The use of Radar gave the British the upper hand by allow them to be able to detect the German aircraft while they were still fifty to sixty miles away. This enabled the British to only permit a limited amount of forces to fight the Germans as the approached knowing the direction, altitude, and speed of the planes as they came. In the great depths of the sea, the German U-boat had become quiet the force that was wreaking havoc on the Allied Naval ships. The U.S. Navy not only had the use of SONAR (SOund Navigating And Ranging) but the development of Bearing Deviation Indicator (BDI) was a useful tool in adding the sonar equipment...
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...Kerryann Simpson Professor Livingston Smith History 131-2 March 18th, 2014 “Examine the reasons why the League of Nations failed to preserve peace.” Weaknesses of the League of Nations The League of Nations came into existence on 10 January 1920 as a result of the First World War (WW1), it was one of Woodrow Wilson's 14 points to create a body that would settle international disputes in ways other than fighting / military action. He wanted to prevent another war like WW1. The main aims of the League of Nations were to maintain peace through collective security and to encourage international co-operation. The league had a number of successes, but a greater number of failures, thus it was not a complete failure in its attempt to preserve peace. The failures of the League of Nations were caused by their great amount of weaknesses. There was a lack of world powers, they lacked military power. They used economic or trade sanctions instead of force, that which they did not have. Their decision making ways were slow which led to a delay in their responses in problems. The leading members in the League of Nations had a greater self-interest for their own countries and their economic growth. In many circumstances the League of Nations was seen as weak and useless. As commonly known, one of its’ greatest weaknesses was the absence of the United States (U.S) despite the fact that it was Wilson, the president of the U.S who initiated the idea; when the American people voted...
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...Crusades were “a classic example of the evil that organized religions can do”. Furthering this absurd depiction of Crusades, they are modernly viewed as insidious, cynical, and provokers of aggression against the peaceful, prosperous, and sophisticated Muslim world. According Sir Steven Runciman, the author of the three-volume work, A History of the Crusades, the Crusades were morally regnant acts of intolerance in the name of God. In contrast to Sir Steven Runciman as well as the modern belief that the Crusades were a black mark on the history of the Western civilization but more particularly on the Catholic Church, the scholars whom lied out good histories in the past twenty years have come to the conclusion that many of these myths of the Crusades are as wrong as wrong can be. One of the many myths, the Crusades were said to be the wars of unprovoked aggression against the peaceful Muslim world. This irrational proclamation of the Crusades is wrong firstly because of mass success that the Islamic conquest of the newly unified muslims under the rule of Muhammad that conquered two thirds of the Medieval Christian world. If anything the Muslims were the ones that were out for blood and instigated these wars against the Christian world. Thus calling the First Crusade, Pope Urban II called the Knights of Christendom to aid the Byzantine empire that were urgently calling for help against the powerful eastern Muslims conquerers. Instead of the Crusades who were said to be the provokers...
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...Early Civilizations Brittney Franzen There are many different reasons or forces that contributed to the make-up of cultural early civilizations. The first force would be the forces of nature and it is natural environment. The factors of this would be climates and seasonal changes. This is important force factor for early civilization because this force affected the people of the early civilization for clothing and food such as game and wild plants. These people were nomadic which means that they would follow the herds of game for their survival. The geographical features also were a major part of the early civilizations because they need to be able to protect themselves from others that may challenge them and their civilization. For example the people of Ancient Greece were in different city states and would challenge each other for territories for farming and other needed resources from the land. The mountains and seas were a major physical land features that would protect them from one and other. But this also in turn created different cultures and civilizations throughout Ancient Greece. So there were many different views that varied from group to group. An example of this would be social societies, religious views, structures, and civilizations altogether are different. The social society would be the government or rulers, merchants, slaves, and priests. The different social classes such as higher classes being the dictator, priests, or other people of the...
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...NATO: Joint Operations In the years following the Second World War, a new superpower began to emerge that had conflicting ideals with the United States and Western Europe, the Soviet Union. As a result of Soviet military might, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 to counter and deter Soviet military aggression. The original treaty included 12 nations from North American and Western Europe, today, the number of member nations has grown to 29 with the three largest contributors being the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. NATO is a strategic military alliance with a specific mission set and through its 69 years of history, has utilized joint operations between nations to prevent war and when need be, used...
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...HIE 208 – Canadian Military History Assignment 4-1-1 Canadian Armed Forces at the Outbreak of War in 1939? Lessons Learned and Relearned from Great War Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) To discuss the condition of the Canadian Armed Forces prior to the outbreak of World War II we must first look at the political climate, culture and economy leading up to 1939. During this time Canada was in a policy of Isolationism after recovering form the massive loss of life in the Great War.1 An anti-war sentiment stemmed from the war time losses of over 60,000 Canadians – great losses for a country with only 8 million people at that time. This Isolationist policy was further strengthened by closer economical ties with the United States who were investing heavily in Canada and providing markets for Canadian exports. Nevertheless, the economy was devastated during the Great Depression and importance was placed on saving the economy and not developing the military. Therefore, with the average Canadian having a bad image of the Great War and an economy on the verge of collapse the Canadian Armed Forces in 1939 was in a sorry state, much similar to its state prior to the Great War and many lessons had to be relearned. Canada had to relearn its preparedness, conscription and technology lessons all over again. It is clear to see that the military situation...
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...The Airplane and its History Robert Dobson Thomas Edison State University THE AIRPLANE AND ITS HISTORY 2 The Airplane and its History I am currently finishing a Bachelor of Science in Applied Science and Technology degree in Aviation Flight Technology at Thomas Edison State University. I have also been a pilot for twenty years, professionally for the past sixteen years. For these reasons, I have chosen the airplane and its history as the technology that will serve as the subject of this assignment. First, I will explain what an airplane is. Next, I will explain how an airplane works. Finally, I will give a brief history of the airplane. So what is an airplane? I'm joking! Everyone in the world knows what an airplane is unless they've lived in a stone age society their whole life. Even so, I'll begin by defining exactly what an airplane is and how they work. An airplane is a powered, fixed-wing vessel that travels through the air (Airplane, n.d.). The airplane has wings that provide the force of lift in order for the airplane to overcome the force of gravity and climb off the ground and stay airborne. In order for the wings to do their job of providing lift, the airplane must be propelled forward so that the wings can get sufficient airflow to generate the necessary force and overcome the force of drag. The propulsion methods usually employed are through use of engine driven propellers...
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