...Marx describes a fascinating way of conceptualizing the dual nature of human labor and its value that manifests in commodities, which according to him, was actually first pointed out by him (Capital 29). The concept of human labor itself is the center of multiple discussions that Marx has throughout his works, from the physical ownership each person should ideally have over their own labor as it is done with their body and time (and furthermore, how a person can be alienated from their own labor), to the labor that is manifested in the values of commodities, to the criticisms of processes like division of labor within each workplace. All of these conversations on labor and its values are interconnected, but the one that is especially pertinent today is the notion of alienation from labor and the side effects of this process. The things that Marx was describing as they were arising in his time are things have come to fruition in our time, now that we are nearly two centuries into living under capitalism. With the concept of labor being what truly gives value to a commodity, labor is a source of value that should belong to each person. However, many workers from his time onwards...
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...Children at Work Tragedy started in the late 1700’s. Children were starting to get sold, raped, and forced to work in gruesome conditions. Manuel is five years old but big for his age. When the whistle blows at three o’clock in the morning, he pulls on his clothes and hurries to the shrimp and oyster cannery where he spends the day peeling the shells off iced shrimp. He has been working as a shrimp-picker since he was four (Freedman 1). Jean Jacques Rousseau once said, “‘Let us speak less of the duties of children and more of their rights’” (Sandra Nunez and Trish Marx 17). The meaning of this quote is to persuade people to not look at children as objects to get a job done, but to look at them as human beings. Human beings who deserve to be treated kindly, and with respect because they will become adults in their lifetime....
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...During the late 1800s and the early 1900s, child labor became popular and very common to the public. Even though it was common, only a few people knew the details of the punishment and pain children were put through to get a small amount of money to support their families. Children weren’t able to get an education and were forced to work at as young four. Many got diseases and sicknesses that affected them for the rest of their lives. Unfortunately, many people listened to their heads and not their hearts. Many felt that child labor was wrong, but not very many fought to end it. The dangerous conditions and long hours negatively affected the children that lived it. Without the advocates tirelessly working to stop child labor thousands of children would have lost their lives. As the nation’s economy was expanding, many more factories were being built. As industries grew, the demand for workers also increased. Mill owners hired mainly women and children because they could pay them half the salary they would have to pay men. Children were also hired because of their size. Since they were normally smaller, it was easy for them to go inside and fix the machines or to change spindles. Soon, many businesses were using children as part of their regular work force. Since children could be hired cheaply and were too young to complain, they were often employed to replace adult workers. In industries where large numbers of children were employed, their low wages pulled...
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...Labor strikes in the 1800s and 1900s began when employees went on strikes for various reasons such as, wage cuts, new machinery, and longer work hours with less pay. A strike is a group of employees who organize a work stoppage to put pressure on their boss or company until their demands are met. Countless smaller strikes were all due to the same reasons listed above or a few other reasons. The first nationwide strikes were the railroad strikes. Many workers were upset due to their wages being cut, they were already struggling with money and now they are getting even less than before. The strikes began to spread and it became known as a General Strike. In some of the labor strikes military and militia were sent in to help stop the...
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...immigrants in the late 1800’s was extremely difficult. Immigrants either arrived through Ellis Island or Angel Island. Ellis Island was located in the East coast while Angel Island was located in the west coast. The U.S. received a huge amount of immigrants in the 1860s and the 1890s (Cayton, et. al., 299). Steam powered ships played a huge role in the 1800s. These ships could cross the Atlantic Ocean in two to three weeks....
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...how Americans built their society. In this reading the reader will understand a historic timeline from 1780-1850. Learning the important information during certain years and how they overcome each event. The Agricultural Revolution of Europe started in the 1700’s; it was widely spread throughout Europe and America by the 1800’s. The results of the revolution, was the farming processes became more efficient, and productive due to several inventions, and discoveries. The Agricultural processes became faster, and less manpower is required in the field, as a result the population from the countryside had no means of supporting themselves. They were forced to move into the urban cities in search of factory jobs. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain during the 1700s. The term Industrial Revolution refers both to the changes that occurred and to the period itself. During the 1700s and early 1800s, great changes took place in the lives and labor of people in several parts of the world. These changes resulted from the development of industrialization and it started spreading to other parts of Europe and to North America in the early 1800s. By the mid-1800s, industrialization had become widespread in Western Europe and the northeastern United States. America Transformed In 1781 Peace Commission occurred and what it meant was Congress appoints a Peace Commission comprised of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay, and Henry Laurens. The commission supplements John...
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...Since the beginning of time labor has been evolving. From slavery in the new world, to farmers on the railroads, to women and children in factories; who knows where we will get our labor from next. But for now all we can do is look into the past in order to try and figure out what worked and what didn't work and in order to do that we have to start at the beginning. Slavery was the main source of labor in the middle and late 1800s. Slaves were forced onto ships that transported them through the Middle Passage to America. Once they were in America they were forced to work in fields pulling cotton and other abundant cash crops. They received absolutely no pay for all of this labor. At the time African Americans were seen as less then human, because...
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...Development of Corrections Development of Corrections Men, women, and juveniles were all held in the same prisons in the United States prior to 1800. They were all treated the same and they were cramped and were expected to do work like laundry, cooking, and cleaning. The Indiana State Reformatory built a separate prison for women in 1873 and then Massachusetts and New York followed shortly after. The women prisons were built in a different design giving them a more spacious environment and better commodities. The treatment of the women was different from the men and referred to as “ladies”. Most of the women’s prisons incorporated labor into their daily activities which were considered to be normal, such as laundry, sewing, cleaning, and cooking. In today’s prisons women are just like all the regular prisons and some of them hold women and men in the same building but separate. The juveniles were kept in the prison with the men and women before 1800, also. The argument in regards to the children was that the normal practices were too harsh for them. They expected the children to perform the same task as the adults and this sometimes was impossible for them to do. Officials thought the treatment of the children was too cruel and unacceptable because at that stage in their lives they were still developing and they could be reformed more easily. They also argued that the children were not as mentally strong to take the harsh treatment they were receiving in the...
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...prisons in 1800 Harold Flower CHS/230 December 8, 2011 Vashell Anderson The history of prisons in 1800 Prisons before the 1800’s did not have women prisons. In those days the prison were mixed with men, children and women all in the same prison. The prisons in the 1800’s that held women prisoners were treated just like the men in those prison the women also had to do hard labor which consisted of sewing, laundry, cleaning and cooking. All the women were to act like lady’s but also had to be treated like men in those prisons the women talked about how they were over worked and that they wasn’t fed enough in the prisons of the 1800’s. After the 1800’s the prisons started to change this was depending where and what prison you was in at that time there was no toilets in most cases the toilet was a bucket and it might not have been emptied too often. There were prisoners that didn’t do much at all but sat around and waited to die also at that time the cafeterias were not established so the food was forced through the cell bars and you had to eat what they fed you and it wasn’t much and it tasted really bad. You was lucky to be fed every day in today’s prison you do get three meals a day, schooling, and do jobs that are inside the prison also there are some prisoners allowed to work outside the prison walls, there is clean running water with bathrooms and showers, and the best part is that the prisoners have bunks instead of laying on the ground. In the 1800’s there was...
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...The Industrial Revolution negatively impacted America by causing an increase in child labor, raising the rate of deaths and diseases, and increasing the use of slaves in the South. The Industrial Revolution caused young children to be forced to do harsh, brutal labor. In Document #1, William Cooper’s testimony before the Sadler Committee in 1832, young children had to work from 5am-9pm from the age of ten. They had no time to go to school and were “frequently strapped (whipped)”. This shows that children couldn’t grow up with a life or experiences because they didn’t go to school. School is important because without an education it is difficult to find a solid occupation. Outside sources tell that In the 1830’s most children had to work...
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...People/Event(s) to American History | 1) The evolution of the institution of slavery from the Colonial Period to the 1860s. | 1860-1865 | To the southern colonist, slavery became profitable after the cotton gin was invented. The cotton gin helped produce a large cash flow along with manual labor jobs. Prior to the cotton gin slave trade was done most by the New England colonies, this was called “Triangle Trade”. (www.civilwarhome.com) | 2) The socio-cultural impact of the abolitionist movement including: a) The effect of Uncle Tom’s Cabin b) The Kansas-Nebraska Act c) The Compromise of 1850 d) The Underground Railroad | 1800-1870 | In the middle colonies the abolitionism began early. Most people in Pennsylvania were against slavery due to a moral stand, while the upper and middle colonies did not contribute to the slave market. While on the other hand in the south the use of slaves continued to thrive for labor plantations as well as creating a group in which the poorest of whites could turn their noses up at. A small group of religious and moral causes began the Abolition Movement. Nevertheless they took to the north as a political group with federal powers. In the 1800’s efforts were curved too avoid the issues of slavery altogether such as Henry Clay’s compromises attempting to delay conflict, which quickly deteriorated after his death. The south began to make the slavery issues one of State Rights and free will instead of Federal. The south used the...
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...American History up to 1875 Name Course Instructor Date American History up to 1875 The American history records tremendous changes that define the journey taken in shaping what the country looks like today. The Indian-European conflict was common in the 17th Century in the North America. The issue of slavery got intense and many Indians fell in the hands of the European. Slaves were mistreated, overworked, and tortured to an extent of them dying at the farms. The introduction of Christianity by the Europeans meant that the Indians had to do away with their old fashioned ways of worship. The Indians and the European immigrants had different religion and beliefs that had to be unified for a common existence. The interaction between people of different races, religions and beliefs has been a great aspect of the American history. It was until later in the 20th century that European exploration and colonization of America that brought change in how the Old and New Worlds interacted. The settlement of the Indians in America was a vital mark in the development of native culture. The Indians established their lifestyle blended with rich culture and religion. The Indians on the East Coast had a more civilized life and well-established trade systems. The first encounter between the Europeans and the native Indians took place in the 1500s.[1] The Europeans discovered America as they engaged in fishing of whales and other sea exploration...
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...In 1800s the united states passed the 13th amendments. The 13th amendment states that there will be neither slavery no involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the united states or any place subject to jurisdiction to break it down this means slavery is abolished in the united states. It has been many years since this amendment was passed. But behind Americans closed doors there are people violating this amendment. But when with the first amendment that says we as Americans get free exercise of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, etc. Human Trafficking is a major issue that people fil to nice everyday woman, children and men are kidnapped or sold by...
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...Impact of new inventions and methods of transportation during this time period began to form social and economic decisions among different parts of the United States. During the 1800s, many important new inventions were created that helped to shape the different forms of industry specialization that different parts of the United States would have. For example, Eli Whitney’s cotton gin caused the expansion of a strong agrarian society and economy in the southern United States. The cotton gin accelerated the rate at which cotton could be effectively harvested, while simultaneously cutting down on the intensity of the labor to be able to harvest cotton. Furthermore, another of Eli Whitney’s major invention, interchangeable parts, would help...
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...Racism cannot be confined to a specific time period. It is believed to have started way before the slave trade which occurred during the early 1500s to late 1800s. Therefore, they have no correlation with each other. Many people believe that the existence of slavery is due to racism. However, if slavery was due to racism African people wouldn’t make their own people slave and sell them to other people. African people were selling their own people to the colonies to make profits. The main purpose of slavery was to increase their productivity and make more profit. Most importantly, the main purpose of slavery was to make more produced with cheaper labor. A quote that supports this idea is, “It is clearly shown that the production of cotton depends,...
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